Marine Bio Chapter 15

The subtidal rocky bottom zone along temperate shorelines is dominated by:

kelp

The depth to which a bivalve can bury itself depends on the:

length of its siphon

The most successful adaptation for living on a sediment-covered shore is:

burrowing into the sediment

Epifauna are those organisms that are either permanently attached to the bottom or move over it.

T

Hermit crabs are commonly found inhabitants of tide pools.

T

Kelps with air bladders are common along the western and northwestern Pacific coasts of the United States.

T

Meiofauna are small organisms that live between sediment particles on sandy beaches.

T

Some of the more common fauna of sediment-covered shores include bivalve mollusks, annelid worms, and crustaceans.

T

Strong algal holdfasts prevent wave shock from washing macroalgae from the rocks in the upper intertidal zone.

T

The temperature of the ocean water has a significant effect on species diversity of benthic communities.

T

Match the organism with the appropriate zone. Pisaster (sea star)

low tide zone

Match the organism with the appropriate zone. sea anemone

low tide zone

Match the organism with the appropriate zone. sea urchin

low tide zone

Match the organism with the appropriate habitat. heart urchins (Echinocardium)

sandy beaches

Match the organism with the appropriate habitat. sand dollars

sandy beaches

Intertidal zonation across a sediment-covered shore is best seen when the shore is gently sloping.

F

Limpets are commonly found in the middle portion of the intertidal zone on a rocky shore.

F

Nearly all of the larger organisms that inhabit sediment-covered shores are epifaunal organisms

F

The supratidal zone of the rocky shore is the area between the highest high tide and the lowest low tide.

F

Sewage discharge and fertilizer runoff is detrimental to coral growth because it increases the:

amount of inorganic nutrients in the water that stimulates excessive algal growth

Two dominant organisms of the rocky shore found high on the rocks of the intertidal zone are:

buckshot barnacles and limpets

A. buckshot barnacle B. chiton C. hermit crab D. limpet E. periwinkle

c

A. regeneration B. inking C. mimicry D. stinging cells E. withdrawal into shell

c

Zooxanthellae are autotrophic marine protists that are found in the living tissues of some simple marine invertebrates such as corals, sea anemones, and jellyfish. Zooxanthellae are:

dinoflagellates

Two dominant organisms commonly found at mid-water levels of the rocky intertidal zone are:

goose-necked barnacles and mussels

Some organisms living in the high water portion of the intertidal zone cannot survive in the supralittoral zone because they:

have planktonic larval forms

Which of the following factors does not limit coral growth?

high concentrations of calcium carbonate in the water

Match the organism with the appropriate zone. Littorina (periwinkle snail)

high tide zone, supratidal zone

The loss of color (coral bleaching) in coral reef organisms can be a result of:

loss of zooxanthellae.

The common annelid found in a sandy beach environment is the:

lugworm

Organisms that live in the spaces between sediment particles are called:

meiofauna

Match the organism with the appropriate zone. Fucus (rock weed)

middle tide zone

Match the organism with the appropriate zone. Mytilus (mussels)

middle tide zone

Match the organism with the appropriate zone. acorn barnacle

middle tide zone

Match the organism with the appropriate zone. hermit crab

middle tide zone, tide pool

All of the following are examples of strategies employed by organisms to reduce wave shock in the rocky intertidal zone except:

motile larvae

Match the organism with the appropriate habitat. fiddler crabs

mud flats

Which of the following marine habitats has the lowest species diversity?

mud flats

The relationship between the protistan zooxanthellae and the polyps of reef-building corals is best described as a/an:

mutualistic symbiosis

A common inhabitant of the supratidal zone on the rocky shores of the Pacific Northwest is the:

periwinkle snail

The distribution of benthic biomass is related to:

primary productivity

The low-water portion of the rocky intertidal zone is dominated by:

red and brown algae and surf glasses

The three varieties of seeps on the seafloor include hypersaline, hydrocarbon and:

subduction zone seeps.

Match the organism with the appropriate zone. coral

subtidal rocky bottoms

Match the organism with the appropriate zone. kelp

subtidal rocky bottoms

Primary producers in hydrothermal vent communities are:

sulfur-oxidizing archaea

Match the organism with the appropriate zone. Ligia (rock louse)

supratidal zone

All of the following are true of corals except :

the distribution of reef-building corals is greater in the tropics.