Marriage and Family Ch. 1-3

Which demographic profile is most likely to support diverse family formations? A. An unmarried woman who is 20 years old B. A devoutly religious person who attends services regularly C. A white male who is 40 years old D. Pew Research respondents known as rejecters

A. An unmarried woman who is 20 years old

Which of the following is not a macro-level theory? A. Family systems theory B. Family ecology theory C. Conflict theory D. Structural functionalism

A. Family systems theory

What is meant by the term "modified extended family?" A. This is a family that functions as an extended family even though they may not live in the same household. B. This is a family of adults only and no children. It functions primarily as an economic unit. C. This is an extended family that includes a minimum of five generations within a household. D. This is a family that is entirely fictive and affiliated and does not involve consanguineous relationships.

A. This is a family that functions as an extended family even though they may not live in the same household.

Which of the following is not a true statement regarding social exchange theory? A. We use a cost-benefit analysis in our relationships. B. We never measure our actions and relationships. C. Cooperation is necessary for stability. D. Exchanges between people have to balance out or the relationship is likely to end.

A. We use a cost-benefit analysis in our relationships.

Conflict theory assumes that A. difference lead to conflict. B. only certain people in the family have power. C. conflict is abnormal. D. money is the universal source of power in the family.

A. difference lead to conflict.

In the contemporary family, ________ factors have been responsible for major change in the familial roles played by women and men. A. economic B. medical C. biological D. physical

A. economic

Despite the considerable variations among tribal groups, two important aspects of most Native American families are A. extended families and high rates of intermarriage to non-Native Americans. B. tribal identities and acculturation. C. monogamy and extended families. D. migration and tribal identities.

A. extended families and high rates of intermarriage to non-Native Americans.

The family in which we grow up in known as the A. family of orientation. B. traditional family. C. family of procreation. D. family of cohabitation.

A. family of orientation.

African Americans A. have a long history of being dual-earner families. B. are currently the largest ethnic group in the United States. C. do not consider kinship bonds to be important. D. have been mainly single-earner families.

A. have a long history of being dual-earner families.

In the United States, same-sex couples can legally marry in A. in all 50 states. B. churches but not in courthouses. C. Ohio and New York only. D. only states that have passed laws in favor of same-sex marriage.

A. in all 50 states.

The _________ system is the social organization of the family. A. kinship B. familial C. relational D. clan

A. kinship

Slave marriages were A. not recognized as legal. B. recognized as legal only if both slaves had the same owner. C. recognized as legal only in the North. D. recognized as legal if the slaves had written permission from their owners to marry.

A. not recognized as legal.

The concept of "marital happiness" is transformed from an abstract concept to something measurable, such as "a score of 80 or above on the Spousal Satisfaction Scale" in a process called A. operationalization. B. deductive research. C. inductive research. D. conceptualization.

A. operationalization

A marriage system that is quite rare throughout world cultures is A. polyandry. B. monogamy. C. polygyny. D. polygamy.

A. polyandry

The primary feminist theory goal is to A. raise society's level of awareness regarding the oppression of women and all other disadvantaged groups. B. raise awareness regarding the oppression of women as members of all families and households. C. minimize the contributions of men in family systems and create female-centered families. D. get equal pay for equal work within the household.

A. raise society's level of awareness regarding the oppression of women and all other disadvantaged groups.

Equity is a Key component of ____ theory. A. social exchange B. symbolic interaction C. structural functionalism D. family systems

A. social exchange

Family systems theory is a combination of A. structural functionalism and symbolic interaction theory. B. structural functionalism and social exchange theory. C. social exchange theory and symbolic interaction theory. D. family development theory and structural functionalism.

A. structural functionalism and symbolic interaction theory.

Examining the needs a family meets for its individual members is an aspect of A. structural functionalism. B. conflict theory. C. social exchange theory. D. the feminist perspective.

A. structural functionalism.

The research method that is most popular in marriage and family studies is the A. survey method. B. covert observation method. C. clinical experiment method. D. interview method.

A. survey method.

Examining how the sense of self is maintained in the process of acquiring social roles is fundamental to: A. symbolic interaction theory. B. structural functionalism. C. social exchange theory. D. family development theory.

A. symbolic interaction theory.

The first slaves brought to the United States arrived at A. Yorktown. B. Jamestown. C. Plymouth. D. Charlestowne.

B. Jamestown.

Through which court case did same-sex marriage become legal in the United States? A. Brown v. Board of Education B. Obergefell v. Hodges C. Plessy v. Ferguson D. Roe v. Wade

B. Obergefell v. Hodges

Compared to whites, African Americans tend to express more conservative attitudes toward which family issues? A. All of these are family issues on which African Americans express more conservative attitudes than whites. B. Spanking C. Gay marriage D. Premarital sex

B. Spanking

Conflict theory has been criticized for A. assuming behavior is characterized by self-sacrifice. B. assuming that differences lead to conflict. C. putting too much emphasis on the power of love. D. assuming behavior is characterized by cooperation.

B. assuming that differences lead to conflict.

To conservatives, cultural values have shifted from _______ toward __________. A. immorality; morality B. individual self-sacrifice; personal self-fulfillment C. morality; immorality D. personal self-fulfillment; individual self-sacrifice

B. individual self-sacrifice; personal self-fulfillment

The most commonly preferred marital arrangement for numerous countries in the Middle East is called A. serial monogamy. B. polygyny. C. monogamy. D. polyandry.

B. polygyny.

In 1967, the US Supreme court ruled in the case of Loving v. Virginia and decided that it was unconstitutional for states to A. deny the right of cousins to marry. B. prohibit interracial marriage. C. determine age restrictions for marriage. D. prohibit same-sex marriage.

B. prohibit interracial marriage.

The shaping of individual behavior to conform to social or cultural norms is referred to as A. societal imaging. B. socialization. C. acculturation. D. cultural modeling.

B. socialization.

The most crucial factor that enabled people to survive the oppression of enslavement, difficulties of immigration, and impoverishment induced by industrialization was A. political ideology. B. the family. C. social agencies. D. economic success.

B. the family.

The portrayal of family life that results from soap opera families and daytime talk shows is A. unrealistic and highly positive. B. unrealistic and highly negative. C. realistic and highly positive. D. realistic and highly negative.

B. unrealistic and highly negative.

After industrialization, A. adolescents became economically independent. B. women began to control the frequency of intercourse. C. the belief in childhood innocence was replaced by the idea that children are evil. D. the family became a unit of production.

B. women began to control the frequency of intercourse.

People who spend at least 27 weeks in the labor force but whose income falls below the poverty threshold are referred to as the ________ poor. A. theoretical B. working C. ghetto D. absolute

B. working

During the Depression, unemployment jumped from 3 million in 1929 to over __________ in 1932. A. 6 million B. 15 million C. 12 million D. 1 billion

C. 12 million

According to Pew Research respondents which groups were the most similar in political views relating to changes in family structure? A. Accepters and rejecters B. Rejecters and skeptics C. Accepters and skeptics D. Rejecters and liberals

C. Accepters and skeptics

Better education and higher incomes than the general population tends to be found in which of the following populations? A. African Americans B. Hispanics C. Asian Americans D. Native Americans

C. Asian Americans

Which statement is true concerning the perception of weaker family ties in the United States? A. Other industrialized countries report stronger family ties while developing countries report weaker family ties. B. This is a recent phenomenon unique to the United States. C. Other industrialized countries report similar opinions while developing countries report stronger family ties. D. This recent phenomenon is consistent nearly all over the world.

C. Other industrialized countries report similar opinions while developing countries report stronger family ties.

What method of research deals with large amounts of information that is analyzed and presented statistically? A. Comparative B. Meta-study C. Quantitative D. Qualitative

C. Quantitative

What most determines the decisions we make about what families need? A. Our conclusions about the problems families have faced in the past. B. Our view of the importance of family functions. C. The perspectives we have about the current status of family life or the directions in which it is heading. D. Our view of how the family has evolved into what it is today.

C. The perspectives we have about the current status of family life or the directions in which it is heading.

Which statement applies to Chinese American Families? A. They tend to have lower levels of income than the general population. B. Women do not work outside the home. C. They tend to have conservative sexual values. D. They tend to be less educated than the general population.

C. They tend to have conservative sexual vaules.

The "Modern Family Effect" is the argument that A. media influences religious beliefs and church attitudes toward social changes. B. changing cultural and moral norms has allowed more diverse family styles to develop for the first time in American history. C. a television show based on a same-sex couple's daily life has made its audience more accepting of difference. D. the family functions more liberally when there is enhanced technological opportunity.

C. a television show based on a same-sex couple's daily life has made its audience more accepting of difference.

Family development theory has been criticized for A. ignoring the contribution of children to family processes. B. placing too much emphasis on diversity. C. assuming the sequential processes of intact, nuclear families. D. being too complex.

C. assuming the sequential processes of intact, nuclear families.

The family over time has moved from being an economically productive unit to a(n) A. primarily dysfunctional unit. B. individualistic, self-serving unit. C. consuming, service-oriented unit. D. economically dependent unit.

C. consuming, service-oriented unit.

In colonial families, adolescence A. was considered to be an important transitional stage. B. involved strenuous rites of passage for both boys and girls. C. did not exist as a separate life stage. D. was celebrated with many rituals.

C. did not exist as a separate life stage.

Symbolic interaction theory A. examines resources and power. B. looks at how each individual functions within the family unit. C. examines how people interact with each other. D. focuses on the material exchange and equity between people who love each other.

C. examines how people interact with each other.

Interviews can be advantageous compared to surveys because they A. minimize the effects of bias in interpretation of responses. B. elicit more honest responses. C. permit probes of greater depth and can follow paths suggested by the interviewee. D. enable cause-and-effect relationships to be fully determined.

C. permit probes of greater depth and can follow paths suggested by the interviewee.

According to William Goode, families provide all of the following advantages except A. continuity. B. familiarity. C. protection. D. proximity.

C. protection.

Exchange theory predicts that we will stay in an unhappy marriage when A. the costs of leaving are equal to the rewards of leaving. B. none of the above, exchange theory predicts we will always leave an unhappy marriage. C. the costs of leaving are greater than the rewards of leaving and/or the costs of staying. D. the costs of leaving are equal to the costs of staying.

C. the costs of leaving are greater than the rewards of leaving and/or the costs of staying.

When they promise participants either anonymity or confidentiality, researchers are protecting A. data. B. opinions. C. the privacy and safety of participants. D. guidelines.

C. the privacy and safety of participants.

In 2015, the calculated poverty line for a family of four in the United States was A. $18,700. B. $39,999. C. $7,900. D. $24,250

D. $24,250

A scientist wants to conduct research to determine if change in a certain variable causes predicable change in another variable. Which method should the scientist use? A. Survey B. Clinical C. Correlational D. Experimental

D. Experimental

Which group makes up the largest component of the Hispanic American population in the United States? A. Argentinian Americans B. Puerto Rican Americans C. Cuban Americans D. Mexican Americans

D. Mexican Americans

In which class do we most often find a two-person career? A. Lower class B. Middle class C. Working class D. Upper class

D. Upper class

Diane and Jim are married to each other and live together with their two biological children. This group meets the definition of: A. fictive kin. B. an extended family. C. affiliated kin. D. a nuclear family.

D. a nuclear family.

Kate has not seen or heard from her mother since Hurricane Katrina hit the Louisiana town where her mother lived. She does not know for sure if her mother is dead or alive. Kate feels her mother's psychological presence even though she is not physically with her. Pauline Boss uses the term _____ to describe what Kate is feeling.​ A. trauma-induced psychosis B. delusional affect C. mental illness D. ambiguous loss

D. ambiguous loss

Middle-class parents tend to emphasize __________, while working class parents emphasize ________ in their children. A. obedience; thrift B. politeness; honesty C. grooming; hard work D. autonomy; compliance

D. autonomy; compliance

Dr. Walker believes that life involves discord and competition. Dr. Walker is a _________ theorist. A. structural functionalism B. social exchange C. family systems D. conflict

D. conflict

Sue is Kay's mother-in-law. Their relationship is A. affiliative. B. fictive. C. consanguineous. D. conjugal.

D. conjugal.

Most immigrants A. did not know where they would go once they got to America. B. were eager to leave their homeland. C. arrived in America with skills. D. experienced hostility.

D. experienced hostility.

A group of two or more persons related by birth, marriage, or adoption and residing together is the definition of A. traditional family used by sociologists. B. family used by all sociologists. C. affiliated kin used by sociologists. D. family used by the US Census Bureau.

D. family used by the US Census Bureau.

The ______ is a painful fact that has resulted primarily from high rates of divorce, increasing numbers of unmarried women with children, and women's lack of economic resources. A. androgynization of poverty B. "two-person career" trend C. economic dysfunction trend D. feminization of poverty

D. feminization of poverty

Maria believes the costs of her marriage exceed her rewards. According to exchange theory, Maria is likely to A. stay married as long as she perceives her rewards are greater than her husband's rewards. B. stay married as long as her husband's costs are greater than his rewards, too. C. get a divorce no matter what. D. get a divorce if she perceives greater rewards in some alternative and the costs of leaving are not too great.

D. get a divorce if she perceives greater rewards in some alternative and the costs of leaving are not too great.

The most widely practiced marital arrangement worldwide is A. bigamy. B. polygamy. C. modified polygamy. D. monogamy.

D. monogamy.

Case studies and in-depth interviews are examples of A. quantitative research. B. triangulation. C. secondary data analysis. D. qualitative research.

D. qualitative research.

In the contemporary family, _______ have had the greatest impact on reshaping the meaning and experiences of sexuality and parenthood. A. changes in divorce laws B. economic and political changes C. education and religious training D. revolutions in contraception and biomedical technology

D. revolutions in contraception and biomedical technology

The European colonists who came to America attempted to replicate their familiar family system that emphasized all of the following except: A. family-centered reproduction. B. family as an economic and social institution. C. subordination of women. D. romantic love as the basis of mate selection.

D. romantic love as the basis of mate selection.

According to _________________ theory, when the emotional costs of a relationship outweigh its benefits, we are likely to feel uncomfortable, angry, or distressed. A. symbolic interaction B. family systems C. structural functionalism D. Social exchange

D. social exchange

Affiliated kin is defined as related individuals we have little contact with.​

False

As society has become more industrialized and impersonal, families have decreased in importance as a source of intimacy.

False

Defining the family as inherently weak and prone to disagreement at all times is critical to conflict theory.

False

Monogamy is the preferred marital arrangement worldwide.

False

Most families in the United States are traditional nuclear families.

False

Premarital pregnancy was unusual in all parts of colonial America.

False

Secondary data analysis involves interviewing the same person twice before analyzing the data.

False

Self-help and childrearing books are typically value-free.

False

Society's perception of childhood has varied little over the course of American history.

False

The culture of poverty is the only way to view the daily life of minority populations.

False

The family most Americans consider to be the traditional family is a family where both the husband and wife work outside of the home full-time.​

False

The greatest diversity of American family life occurred after the great waves of immigration swept over America.

False

The study of marriage and family is personal, not abstract.

False

A family systems approach assumes that the family has a structure that can only be seen in its interactions.

True

All the people living in a housing unit makes up a household.

True

At one time it was illegal for African Americans to marry in the United States because they were regarded as property.

True

By the beginning of the 20th century, American families lost many of their traditional functions.

True

Chinese Americans tend to exert strong parental control while encouraging their children to develop a sense of independence.

True

Experimental research involves isolating a single factor under controlled circumstances to determine its influence.

True

Increasingly large numbers of Native Americans are marrying non-Native Americans.

True

Middle-class parents engage in "concerted cultivation."

True

Slave children in the United States were often forced into hard physical labor as young as age 5 or 6.

True

Social exchange theory addresses equity and fairness.

True

Social networking and technology has changed the American family.

True

Structural functionalists believe social stability is in the best interest of society.

True

Symbolic interactionists study how the sense of self is maintained in the process of acquiring social roles.

True

The number of multigenerational families in the United States is increasing.

True

Traditional gender and marital roles mostly prevailed during the 1950s.

True