Marriage & Family, Religion

________ defined religion as "a unified system of beliefs and practices relative to sacred things, that is to say set apart and forbidden, beliefs and practices which unite into one single moral community, called a church, all those who adhere to them"

Emile Durkheim

In ________, there is a belief in karma, or the notion that spiritual ramifications of one's actions are balanced cyclically in this life or a future life (reincarnation).

Hinduism

________ is the oldest religion in the world.

Hinduism

_______ is generally associated with Western late adolescent behavior and, in particular, American college culture. The term has an ambiguous definition because it can include a variety of forms of physical activity between sexual partners.

Hooking up

________ is a process that accepts and encourages casual sexual encounters, including one-night stands and other related activity, which focuses on physical pleasure without necessarily including emotional bonding or long-term commitment.

Hooking up

One of the most misunderstood concepts of ________ is that of jihad, which many people interpret as a holy war.

Islam

The meaning of ________ is "peace" and "submission."

Islam

________ is a religious tradition based on the Five Pillars, which are: profession of faith in god; daily prayer (five times); almsgiving (charity); periodic ritual fasting; and a pilgrimage, to be undertaken at least once during a believer's lifetime, to the holy city of the religion's beginnings.

Islam

In ________, the sacred text is the Torah, which followers of other religions also follow as the first five books of the Bible. Talmud refers to a collection of a sacred oral interpretation of the Torah.

Judaism

In the religion of ________, the followers had a covenant, or promise of a special relationship with God, which is an important element of this religion.

Judaism

Divorce rates are likely higher in the ________ because marriage rates are higher and marriage occurs at younger-than-average ages in this region. In the ________, the marriage rate is lower and first marriages tend to be delayed; therefore, the divorce rate is lower.

South; Northeast

Derived from a word meaning "the path" or "the way," _____________ is a belief system that describes a spirtitual reality or order of the universe in which the virtues of compassion and moderation are in harmony.

Taoism

The beliefs of ________ emphasize the virtues of compassion and moderation.

Taoism

The founder of ________ is generally recognized to be a man named Laozi (or Lao Tzu), who lived sometime in the sixth century B.C.E. in China.

Taoism

________ defines a family as "a group of two people or more, one of whom is the householder, who are related by birth, marriage, or adoption and are residing together."

The U.S. Census Bureau

According to the study cited by the U.S. Census Bureau, children who live with married parents grow up with more advantages than children who live with:

a single parent

An example of ________ would be Indigenous nature worship as in the Shinto tradition.

animism

Many stories in the sacred text of Judaism are ________.

are shared by Christianity and Islam

Research suggests that people generally feel that their current family is ________ than the family they grew up with.

at least as close

According to this perspective, religion has been used to support the "divine right" of oppressive monarchs and to justify unequal social structures.

conflict theory

Which sociological perspective most emphasizes the ways in which religion helps to maintain social inequalities within a society?

conflict theory

Some believers suggest secularization is a root cause of many social problems, such as________.

divorce, drug use, and educational downturn

The main difference between an ecclesia and a denomination is:

ecclesia are state-sponsored and considered the dominant, official religion

Intimate partner violence often starts as ________ and then escalates to other forms or combinations of abuse.

emotional abuse

The ________ helps to explain the different processes that occur in families over time. Sociologists view each segment as having its own structure with different challenges, achievements, and accomplishments that transition the family from one to the next.

family life cycle

Which of the following is a criticism of the family life cycle model?

it is too narrowly focused on a sequence of life stages/

Megachurches tend to have:

large arenas where services are held

single, or never-married, individuals are found in higher concentrations in ________

large cities or metropolitan

Social scientists refer to the use of a church to combat social injustice in the political realm as________ . The question has been evaluated. Your choice is correct.

liberation theology

Theologians discuss ________ from the point of view of the poor and the oppressed, and some interpret the scriptures as a call to action against poverty and injustice.

liberation theology

When considering one's ________, most people in the United States look to ancestors on both their father's and mother's sides.

lineage

________ is thought to be disadvantageous to men because because it makes them outsiders in the home and community, and disconnected from their own blood relatives.

matrilocal residence

Approximately six million people are members of these churches, and the architecture of these ________ buildings often resembles a sport or concert arena.

megachurch

Being married to only one person at a time is referred to as __________, whereas being married to more than one person at a time is referred to as __________.

monogamy; polygamy

In the U.S., people tend to equate marriage with ________. In contrast to this, in many countries and cultures around the world, people practice ________.

monogamy; polygamy

According to research, couples who enter marriage without a strong asset base, like a home, savings, and a retirement plan, are ________ than couples with at least $10,000 in assets.

more likely to divorce

Which type of child abuse is most prevalent in the United States?

neglect

This two-parent family structure is known as a________ and includes parents and children as the core of the group.

nuclear family

A sect ________ .

often believes it must split from the larger group to return to important fundamentals

A child who associates his line of descent with his father's side only is part of a ________ society.

patrilineal

In a ________ residence system it is customary for the wife to live with, or near, her husband's blood relatives.

patrilocal

In a __________ residence system it is customary for the wife to live with, or near, her husband's blood relatives.

patrilocal

A woman being married to two men would be an example of:

polyandry

A functionalist might argue that ________ .

religion helps to facilitate social control, which enforces social norms

Religion serves the role of an established institution worthy of sociological analysis because ________ .

religions have a complex and integrated set of norms

That suffering occurs when people crave and cling to impermanent things, a state of dissatisfaction called dukkha, is a central belief of ________.

Buddhism

________ encourage followers to lead a moral life by accepting the four Noble Truths: 1) life is suffering, 2) suffering arises from attachment to desires, 3) suffering ceases when attachment to desires ceases, and 4) freedom from suffering is possible by following the "middle way."

Buddhism

________ is the fourth largest religion in the world yet tends to deemphasize the role of a godhead, instead stressing the importance of personal responsibility

Buddhism

In what part of the world have Confucianism and Taoism been primarily practiced?

China

In ________ the New Testament is considered to hold the gospels which include the teachings of Jesus.

Christianity

________ is the largest religion in the world today, and began 2,000 years ago in Palestine, with Jesus of Nazareth, a charismatic leader who taught his followers about caritas (charity) or treating others as you would like to be treated yourself.

Christianity

Which theoretical perspective focuses on areas of marriage and family life that involve inequalities or discrepancies in power and authority and considers how they are reflective of the larger social structure?

Conflict Theory

Ren and Yi, roughly translating as "compassion," and "a moral will to do good," respectively, are key parts of the complex moral code associated with the ________ tradition.

Confucian

The religion of ________ was developed by Master Kong, who lived in the sixth and fifth centuries B.C.E.

Confucianism

________ was the official religion of China from 200 B.C.E. until it was officially abolished when communist leadership discouraged religious practice in 1949

Confucianism

________ is the traditional dating period before engagement and marriage.

Courtship

Although begun as a moral reaction against the poverty caused by social injustice in that part of the world, today ________is an international movement that encompasses many churches and denominations.

Liberation theology

________ is considered to be a legally recognized social contract between two people, traditionally based on a sexual relationship and implying a permanence of the union.

Marriage

________ believed religion created social change by studying heavily Protestant societies that were the most highly developed capitalist societies. He called this the "Protestant work ethic."

Max Weber

________ believed that Protestants in the late 1800s were more likely than Catholics to value capitalist ideology, believing in hard work and savings.

Max Weber

__________ showed that Protestant values directly influenced the rise of capitalism and helped to create the modern world order. He thought that the Catholic emphasis ono community versus the emphasis on individual achievement in Protestantism made a difference.

Max Weber

What are some denominations of the Christian Protestant church?

Methodist and Seventh-day Adventist

________ is a description of religions based on belief in a single deity, such as Christianity or Judaism.

Monotheism

Which of the following is true of intimate partner violence (IPV)?

Nearly half of instances of IPV involve drugs or alcohol

Some controversial groups that have been labeled as cults include________.

Scientology and the Hare Krishna

In the United States, ________ has the highest rates of divorce and ________ has the lowest.

Washington, DC; Hawaii

The success of a family can be measured by how well they adapt to the challenges and transition in each stage of the ________. While sociologists use this concept to study the dynamics of family over time, consumer and marketing researchers have also used it to determine what goods and services families need as they progress through each stage.

family life cycle

A __________ refers to the family into which a person is born.

family of orientation

Which perspective most emphasizes the ways in which religion helps keep the social system running smoothly?

functionalism

The U.S. Census Bureau reports that the number of unmarried cohabiting couples has ________ in the United States.

grown

Studies have shown that damage from intimate partner violence extends beyond the direct physical or emotional wounds, and

has been linked to unemployment and symptoms of major depression among victims.

In general, children in ________ households benefit from divorce.

high-conflict

Sociologists tend to define family in terms of

how a given society sanctions the relationships of people who are connected through blood, marriage, or adoption

The median age of first marriage has ________ in the last fifty years.

increased for both men and women

A cultural universal is something that ________ .

is found in all cultures

________ highlight the role of power in family life and contends that the family is often not a haven but rather an arena where power struggles can occur. This exercise of power often entails the performance of family status roles such as the enforcement of rules from parent to child.

social conflict theorists

________ indicate that the person with the most access to value resources, such as money, held the most power. Additionally, disputes over the division of household labor also may become a common source of marital discord since household labor offers no wages and, therefore, no power.

social conflict theorists

________ view religion as an institution that helps maintain patterns of social inequality.

social conflict theorists

current divorce rates:

steadily declining

________ hold the belief that families are an important social institution and that they play a key role in stabilizing society.

structural-functionalist theorists

Which theoretical perspective would approach religion from the micro-level, studying how it impacts an individual's sense of social support, identity, and well-being?

symbolic interactionism

________ consider the meaning of the elements of family such as the term, "parent." The term for this person is a symbol of a biological and emotional connection to a child, and is socially recognized as having the responsibility for a child's upbringing.

symbolic interactionist theorists

________ suggests that that our world is socially constructed, so these theorists study the representations and interactions of everyday life so as to understand their meanings.

symbolic interactionist theorists

The majority of U.S. children live in:

two-parent households

Although both single men and single women report social pressure to get married, ________ are subject to greater scrutiny.

women

__________ believed that religion occurs when there is a separation between the sacred (that which induces wonder and awe) and the profane (everyday earthly realities) in society.

Émile Durkheim