Mastering Bio Chapter 5
In cells, what is usually the immediate source of energy for an endergonic reaction?
ATP
Active and passive transport of solutes across a membrane typically differ in which of the following ways?
Active transport always involves the utilization of cellular energy, whereas passive transport does not require cellular energy.
Which of the following statements is TRUE with regard to this animation?
Both sodium and potassium ions are transported against their concentration gradients.
Use the graph and your knowledge of enzymes to identify the three true statements about enzymes.
Enzymes lower the overall energy input needed for a reaction to occur. Reactants cannot convert to products without an initial input of energy to start the reaction.By binding to reactant molecules, enzymes make it easier for the bonds in the molecules to break apart.
What is the basic difference between exergonic and endergonic reactions?
Exergonic reactions release energy; endergonic reactions absorb it.
What is the fate of the phosphate group that is removed when ATP is converted to ADP?
It is acquired by a reactant in an endergonic reaction.
Biologists use the fluid mosaic model to describe membrane structure.
The framework of a membrane is a bilayer of phospholipids with their hydrophilic heads facing the aqueous environment inside and outside of the cell and their hydrophobic tails clustered in the center. The diverse proteins found in and attached to membranes perform many important functions. Because membranes are fluid, membrane proteins and phospholipids can drift about in the membrane.
The solutions in the arms of a U-tube are separated at the bottom of the tube by a selectively permeable membrane. The membrane is permeable to sodium chloride but not to glucose. Side A is filled with a solution of 0.4 M glucose and 0.5 M sodium chloride (NaCl), and side B is filled with a solution containing 0.8 M glucose and 0.4 M sodium chloride. Initially, the volume in both arms is the same..Refer to the figure. If you examine side A after three days, you should find _____.
a decrease in the concentration of NaCl and a decrease in the water level
In this diagram of the plasma membranes of two adjoining cells, identify the protein indicated by the white arrow, including its function.
a receptor protein that binds with a signaling molecule and relays the message into the cell by activating other molecules inside the cell
Which of these is exhibiting kinetic energy?
a space station orbiting Earth
Can you complete this concept map that reviews the basic concepts of energy?
a. kinetic b. potential c. motion d. chemical energy e. entropy f. heat g. first law of thermodynamics h. second law of thermodynamics
Can you label some components associated with the plasma membrane and identify the functions of membrane proteins?
a. phopholipid bilayer b. fibers of extracellular matrix (ECM) c. enzymatic activity d. microfilaments of cytoskeleton e. attatchment to ECM and cytoskeleton f. signal reception and relay g. transport h. intercellular junctions i. cell-cell recognition
In your body, what process converts the chemical energy found in glucose into the chemical energy found in ATP?
cellular respiration
The reaction ADP + P --> ATP is a(n) _____ reaction.
endergonic
This graph illustrates a(n) _____ reaction.
endergonic
Which of these reactions requires a net input of energy from its surroundings?
endergonic
"Conservation of energy" refers to the fact that _____.
energy cannot be created or destroyed but can be converted from one form to another
A(n) _____ reaction occurs spontaneously.
exergonic
The energy for an endergonic reaction comes from a(n) _____ reaction.
exergonic
The reaction A --> B + C + heat is released in a(n) _____ reaction.
exergonic
Select the INCORRECT association.
exergonic ... uphill
Which of these are by-products of cellular respiration?
heat and water
In this reaction _____.
heat has been released to the environment
An animal cell placed in a(n) __________ solution will gain water, swell, and possibly burst.
hypertonic
There is a net diffusion of water out of an animal cell when it is placed in a(n) ____________ solution.
hypertonic
A plant cell placed in a(n) ____________ solution will lose water and plasmolyze.
hypotonic
The ideal osmotic environment for a plant cell is a(n) ____________ environment.
hypotonic
Endocytosis moves materials _____ a cell via _____.
into ... membranous vesicles
A plant cell surrounded by a(n) _______ solution will be flaccid (limp).
isotonic
The ideal osmotic environment for an animal cell is a(n) ______ environment.
isotonic
When an enzyme catalyzes a reaction,
it lowers the activation energy of the reaction.
When molecules move down their concentration gradient, they move from where they are ______________ to where they are ______________________
more concentrated, less concentrated
Diffusion across a biological membrane is called ________________
passive transport
Facilitated diffusion is a type of _______.
passive transport
A white blood cell engulfing a bacterium is an example of _____.
phagocytosis
Chemical energy is a form of _____ energy.
potential
Most of a cell's enzymes are
proteins
Which curve shows the course of the reaction in the presence of an enzyme--the black curve or the red curve? Which line represents the activation energy for that reaction--a, b, or c?
red curve; line b
What kinds of molecules pass through a cell membrane most easily?
small and hydrophobic
Structure A is a _____.
solute
You can recognize the process of pinocytosis when _____.
the cell is engulfing extracellular fluid
The force driving simple diffusion is _____, while the energy source for active transport is _____.
the concentration gradient; ATP
In this reaction _____.
the products have less potential energy than the reactants and heat has been released to the environment
You are working on a team that is designing a new drug. For this drug to work, it must enter the cytoplasm of specific target cells. Which of the following would be a factor that determines whether the molecule selectively enters the target cells?
the similarity of the drug molecule to other molecules that are transported into the target cells
Which of the following processes is endergonic?
the synthesis of glucose from carbon dioxide and water
The permeability of a biological membrane to a specific polar solute may depend on which of the following?
the types of transport proteins in the membrane
What is energy coupling?
the use of energy released from an exergonic reaction to drive an endergonic reaction
Structure B is a _____.
transport protein
