mastering bio chapter 6 quiz

Cellular respiration completely breaks down a glucose molecule through glycolysis and the citric acid cycle. However, these two processes yield only a few ATPs. The majority of the energy the cell derives from glucose is _____. -found in NADH and FADH2 -passed to the oxygen used in the electron transport chain -stored in FAD and NAD+ -lost as heat

found in NADH and FADH2

Each turn of the citric acid cycle generates one ATP and ___ additional energy-rich molecules: __________. -four; 2 NADH and 2 FADH2 -three; 2 NADH and 1 FADH2 -four; 3 NADH and 1 FADH2 -two; 1 NADH and 1 FADH2

four; 3 NADH and 1 FADH2

In the equation shown below, during cellular respiration __________ is oxidized and __________ is reduced. -glucose ... oxygen -oxygen ... ATP -ATP ... oxygen -carbon dioxide ... water

glucose ... oxygen

What is the name of the process in which glucose is converted to pyruvate? -fermentation -glycolysis -oxidative phosphorylation -chemiosmosis

glycolysis

Where does glycolysis occur in a eukaryotic cell? -in the mitochondria -within the intermembrane space of the mitochondrion -in the cytoplasmic fluid -on the inner mitochondrial membrane

in the cytoplasmic fluid

During glycolysis, a molecule of glucose is partially oxidized. What is the net gain of ATP and NADH for each glucose molecule during this chemical pathway? -32 ATP and 10 NADH -6 ATP and 10 NADH -4 ATP and 10 NADH -2 ATP and 2 NADH

2 ATP and 2 NADH

Substrate-level phosphorylation directly generates ATP during a chemical reaction. As a single molecule of glucose is completely oxidized in the presence of oxygen, what is the net yield of molecules of ATP made by substrate-level phosphorylation? -2 ATP -4 ATP -6 ATP -38 ATP

4 ATP

A molecule is oxidized when it __________. -loses a hydrogen ion (H+) -gains an electron -gains a hydrogen ion (H+) -loses an electron

loses an electron

Primarily, cellular respiration serves to _____. -break down toxic molecules -produce cell structures from chemical building blocks -make food -make ATP to power the cell's activities

make ATP to power cell's activities

Lungs are to breathing as _____ are to cellular respiration. -chloroplasts -mitochondria -bronchi -alveoli

mitochondria

Where do the reactions of the citric acid cycle occur in eukaryotic cells? -the folds of the inner mitochondrial membrane -the cytoplasmic fluid -the intermembrane space of the mitochondrion -the mitochondrion

the mitochondrion

The enzyme ATP synthase catalyzes the phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP. In eukaryotic cells, the energy needed for this endergonic reaction is directly derived from __________. -the reduction of NAD+ to form NADH -the movement of hydrogen ions across the mitochondrial membrane -the fermentation of pyruvate to form lactic acid -the movement of FADH2 from the cytoplasm to the mitochondria

the movement of hydrogen ions across the mitochondrial membrane

The burning of food via cellular respiration must provide the average adult approximately _________ kilocalories per day. -250 -1,000 -1,300 to 1800 -2,200

2,200

In preparing pyruvate to enter the citric acid cycle, which of the following steps occurs? -Carbon dioxide must be present for pyruvate to enter the citric acid cycle. -A compound called coenzyme A binds to a two-carbon fragment. -Pyruvate is reduced by oxidizing an NAD+ to an NADH. -Oxygen atoms are formed into oxygen gas.

a compound called coenzyme A binds to a two-carbon fragment

In oxidative phosphorylation, electrons are passed from one electron carrier to another. The energy released is used to __________. -form ATP during glycolysis -pump protons (H+) across the mitochondrial membrane -generate large amounts of NADH and FADH2 -synthesize carbon dioxide

pump protons (H+) across the mitochondrial membrane

A muscle cell deprived of molecular oxygen will convert glucose to lactic acid to __________. -gain energy through chemiosmosis -gain 2 ATP through glycolysis -transition into the citric acid cycle -recycle NADH through fermentation

recycle NADH through fermentation

Glycolysis is the only stage of cellular respiration that __________. -does not release carbon dioxide as a by-product -requires oxygen to function -requires ATP to make ATP -does not require ATP to make ATP

requires ATP to make ATP

Most NADH molecules generated during cellular respiration are produced during __________. -the electron transport chain -glycolysis -the reduction of oxygen -the citric acid cycle

the citric acid cycle

During fermentation, __________ that was produced during glycolysis is converted back to __________. -NAD+; NADH -NADH; NAD+ -pyruvate; CO2 -ATP; ADP

NADH; NAD+

Consider the figure below. __________ is to a mitochondrion as __________ is to a chloroplast. -Sunlight .... chemical energy -Glucose ... O2 -O2 ... CO2 -ATP ... CO2

O2 ... CO2

We inhale O2 and we exhale CO2. Carbon dioxide is produced __________. -when oxygen acquires electrons and protons at the end of the electron transport chain -during the electron transfer steps of oxidative phosphorylation -during the formation of pyruvate -in the reaction that creates acetyl CoA (coenzyme A) from pyruvate

in the reaction that creates acetyl CoA (coenzyme A) from pryuvate

When a car engine burns gasoline, the results of the reaction are similar to when cells burn glucose. Both reactions release carbon dioxide and water. In cells, the chemical energy in food is converted to ATP and heat. In a moving car, the chemical energy in gasoline is converted to __________. -ATP and heat -kinetic energy and heat -thermal energy and heat -potential energy and heat

kinetic energy and heat

In cellular respiration, glucose _____ electrons, whereas _____ electrons. -loses ... oxygen gains -gains ... oxygen loses -gains ... water loses -loses ... water gains

loses ... oxygen gains

What is the ultimate fate of the electrons that are stripped from glucose during cellular respiration? -They are used to form ATP by chemiosmosis. -They result in the formation of heat. -They are donated to NADH. -They are used to form water.

they are used to form water

Through respiration, humans breathe in O2 and breathe out CO2. However, what would happen if we did not breathe in O2? -We would not make enough ATP to meet our energy requirements -We would not be able to synthesize organic molecules from inorganic molecules. -We would not have enough enzymes to catalyze reactions. -We would not be able to perform lactic acid fermentation.

we would not make enough ATP to meet our energy requirements