Mastering Biology CH. 8

The correct order of events during meiosis is

prophase I, metaphase I, anaphase I, telophase I, cytokinesis, meiosis II.

Which of the following shows mitosis in the correct chronological order?

prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

Independent orientation of chromosomes at metaphase I and random fertilization are most like

shuffling cards and dealing out hands of poker

During meiosis I, homologous chromosomes form a tetrad and crossing over occurs. What is the outcome of crossing over?

Crossing over creates new combinations of genes present on a single chromosome.

At the end of the mitotic (M) phase, the cytoplasm divides in a process called _________________.

Cytokinesis

The first step of bacterial replication is _____.

DNA replication

Two chromosomes in a nucleus that carry genes controlling the same inherited characteristics are

Homologous chromsomes

A cell preparing to undergo meiosis duplicates its chromosomes during

Interphase

The chromosomes line up in the center of the cell during which phase of mitosis?

Metaphase

Synapsis occurs during _____.

Prophase I

The chromosomes arrive at the poles and nuclear envelopes form during which phase of mitosis?

Telophase

What must happen before a cell can begin mitosis?

The chromosomes must be duplicated.

Meiosis starts with a single diploid cell and produces

4 haploid cells

What is the difference between a benign tumor and a malignant tumor?

Benign tumors do not metastasize; malignant tumors do.

What is different concerning the DNA in bacterial cells as opposed to eukaryotic cells?

between prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA

The centrosomes move away from each other and the nuclear envelope breaks up during which phase of mitosis?

Prophase

During meiosis, segments of nonsister chromatids can trade places. This recombination of maternal and paternal genetic material is a key feature of meiosis. During what phase of meiosis does recombination occur?

Prophase I

Crossing over occurs during_______.

Propshase I

Mature human nerve cells and muscle cells

are permanently in a state of non division

In anaphase I, ____________.

homologous chromosomes move toward opposite poles

During prophase I of meiosis,

homologous chromosomes stick together in pairs.

When we say that an organism is haploid, we mean that _____.

its cells each have one set of chromosomes

Prior to mitosis, each chromosome of a eukaryotic cell consists of a pair of identical structures called

sister chromatids

The genetic material is duplicated during

the S phase

At the start of mitotic anaphase

the centromeres of each chromosome come apart.

Which of the following statements regarding cell division is false?

Cell division is common in eukaryotes but rare in prokaryotes

Which of the following statements regarding Down syndrome is false?

Down syndrome is least likely to be seen in the infants of mothers over 40.

Which of the following statements regarding mitosis and meiosis is false?

Mitosis produces daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell

The sister chromatids separate and begin moving toward opposite poles of the cell during which phase of mitosis?

Anaphase

The creation of genetically identical offspring by a single parent, without the participation of sperm and egg, is called

Asexual reproduction

A cell replicates its entire chromosomal DNA only __________.

Before it is about to divide

Bacteria divide by:

Binary fission

Which of the following indicates Turner syndrome?

XO

Within one chromosome, what is the relationship between the sequence of bases in DNA of one sister chromatid compared to the other?

The sequences are identical.

Imagine that a human skin cell went through mitosis but did not undergo cytokinesis. How many chromosomes would be in the cell?

When the cell prepared to divide, the chromosomes were replicated, and the chromosome number went from 46 to 92. Because these were not separated into daughter cells during cytokinesis, the cell still has 92 chromosomes.

A pair of sex chromosomes found in a human male is most like

a bride and groom.

Meiosis differs from mitosis in that _____ only occurs in meiosis.

crossing over