Mastering Biology Chapter 2.5 review

loosening, split apart:

-lysis

to love:

-phil

to feat:

-phob

Fluorine's atomic number is 9 and its atomic mass is 19. How many neutrons does fluorine have?

10

What is the result of the animated process? (Sodium giving an electron to Chlorine)

a positively charged sodium ion and a negatively charged chlorine ion

to:

ad-

An ionic bond involves _____.

an attraction between ions of opposite charge

Atoms with the same number of protons but with different electrical charges

are different ions

of neither gender or type:

neutr-

A carbon atom and a hydrogen atom form what type of bond in a molecule?

nonpolar covalent bond

An ionic bond is formed when _____.

one atom transfers an electron to another atom

first:

proto-

What type of bond joins the carbon atom to each of the hydrogen atoms?

single (nonpolar) covalent

The reactivity of an atom arises from

the existence of unpaired electrons in the valence shell.

What determines the types of chemical reactions that an atom participates in?

the number of electrons in the outermost electron shell

The type of bonding and the numbers of covalent bonds an atom can form with other atoms is determined by _____.

the number of unpaired electrons in the valence shell

Which property of water allows dogs to cool themselves by panting?

water's high heat of vaporization

Hydrogen bonding is most often seen _____.

when hydrogen is covalently bonded to an electronegative atom

The innermost electron shell of an atom can hold up to _____ electrons.

2

What is the mass number of an ion with 109 electrons, 158 neutrons, and a +1 charge?

268

This atom can form up to _____ single covalent bond(s). (only 4 electrons on outer shell)

4

An uncharged atom of boron has an atomic number of 5 and an atomic mass of 11. How many protons does boron have?

5

What is the atomic number of an atom that has 6 protons, 6 neutrons, and 6 electrons?

6

Which of the following best explains why water has a high specific heat?

A water molecule can make 4 hydrogen bonds.

Classify each statement as an example of adhesion, cohesion, or surface tension.

Adhesion: Water molecules cling to plant cell wall, Water molecules cling to the side of a beaker. Cohesion: Water molecules are attracted to each other, A drop of water spilled on a table forms a drop on the table, rather than spreading out over the surface. Surface tension: A sewing needle floats when it is placed gently on top of water in a bucket, A water strider runs across a pond without breaking the surface.

What does the term electron orbital describe?

An electron orbital describes a three-dimensional space where an electron can be found 90% of the time.

The atomic number of sulfur is 16. Sulfur combines with hydrogen by covalent bonding to form a compound, hydrogen sulfide. Based on the number of valence electrons in a sulfur atom, predict the molecular formula of the compound.

H2S

Which statement is true of water's tensile strength?

It results from hydrogen bonding. It helps to pull water through plants. It involves both cohesion and adhesion

Which property of water molecules allows an animal to cool itself by sweating?

Molecules collide with varied angles and speeds. Hydrogen bonds are relatively weak. Water has more energy at the body surface.

Why doesn't oil mix with water?

Polar molecules attract one another.

The table shown here lists the specific heat of several substances. Substance Specific heat J/g/∘C water 4.18 ethyl alcohol 2.44 benzene 1.80 sulfuric acid 1.40 Based on the information in the table, which of the following statements are true?

Sulfuric acid is less resistant to temperature change than water. Benzene is more resistant to temperature change than sulfuric acid. More heat is required to raise the temperature of 1 g of water 1 ∘C than to raise the temperature of 1 g of ethyl alcohol 1 ∘C. Water has a high specific heat due to the hydrogen bonding between water molecules.

Which statement is true of all atoms that are anions?

The atom has more electrons than protons.

Which of these relationships is true of an uncharged atom?

The number of protons is equal to the number of electrons.

Sort the subatomic particles according to their masses. Drag each subatomic particles into the correct bin.

The proton and neutron both have masses of about 1 amu, whereas the electron mass is only about 5.5×10−4amu.

Which of these refers to atoms with the same atomic number but different atomic masses?

These atoms are isotopes.

Which of the following bonds can form between atoms of equal electronegativity?

Van der Waals interactions can form between atoms of equal electronegativity

Which statement helps to explain why ice is less dense than liquid water?

Water molecules make hydrogen bonds at definite angles. Cold molecules move less than warm molecules.

Which statement about weak bonds is correct?

Weak bonds are transient and easily reversible.

What happens when two atoms form a chemical bond?

What happens when two atoms form a chemical bond?

What type of bond is joining the two hydrogen atoms?

covalent

from, out of, remove:

de-

A(n) _____ bond joins these two oxygen atoms. (shares 4 electrons)

double covalent

Label the following diagram of water molecules, indicating the location of bonds and the partial charges on the atoms.

https://o.quizlet.com/JIytkpcDFl-z0EfMPJyXow.png

water:

hydro-

What name is given to the bond between water molecules?

hydrogen

Water is a source of ______________ for chemical reactions in cells.

hydrogen atoms and oxygen atoms

Water has surface tension because ...

hydrogen bonds between surface water molecules resist being stretched.

In salt, what is the nature of the bond between sodium and chlorine?

ionic

Though you add heat, the temperature of boiling water remains constant because

it takes energy to break hydrogen bonds.

fat:

lip-