Mastering Biology Chapter 3

For each increase of 2% in energy from trans fats, there is a ? increased risk of heart disease.

93%.

Glycogen is ?

A polysaccharide found in animals (animals store energy in the form of glycogen).

Proteins are polymers of ?

Amino acids (Proteins are polymers of amino acids).

The primary structure of a protein is like the arrangement of beads on a string. In this analogy, the beads are ?

Amino acids.

A function of cholesterol that does not harm health is its role ?

As a component of animal cell membranes (Cholesterol is an important component of animal cell membranes).

Which of these is a polysaccharide?

Cellulose (Cellulose is a carbohydrate composed of many monomers).

? is the most abundant organic compound on Earth.

Cellulose (Cellulose, a component of plant cell walls, is the most abundant organic compound found on earth).

Large proteins, like DNA polymerase and hemoglobin, are often composed of several polypeptides that are linked together. The ? level of protein structure describes how the polypeptides are joined to create a larger complex.

Fourth.

A page is to a book as a ? is to the genome.

Gene.

Which of the following is the largest unit of DNA organization?

Genome.

An RR greater than 1 means the risk of heart disease is ? compared to an equivalent intake of carbohydrates.

Higher.

The secondary structure of a protein results from ?

Hydrogen bonds (Electronegative oxygen and nitrogen atoms leave hydrogen atoms with partial positive charges.

What happens to the shape and function of a protein if one of the amino acids is replaced with a different type of amino acid?

It depends on the role of the amino acid that is altered. One amino acid might be replaced with no measurable effect on the protein's function; replacing another might cause a total loss of function.

An RR less than 1 means the risk of heart disease is ? compared to an equivalent intake of carbohydrates.

Lower.

Which of these is a source of lactose?

Milk (Lactose is the sugar found in milk).

The RR for ? is .81, suggesting that increasing intake of this type of fat by 5% decreases the risk of heart disease.

Monounsaturated fat.

A sugar, a phosphate, and a base are the components of a ?

Nucleotide.

What is rich in unsaturated fats?

Olive oil (Olive oil is a plant oil, and most plant oils are rich in unsaturated fats).

What type of bond joins the monomers in a protein's primary structure?

Peptide (The amino acids of a protein are linked by peptide bonds).

Tertiary structure is not directly dependent on ?

Peptide bonds (Peptide bonds link together the amino acids of a protein's primary structure.

The RR for ? is the lowest among the fats tested, suggesting that these fats are most beneficial for cardiovascular health.

Polyunsaturated fat.

What is not a lipid?

RNA (RNA is a nucleic acid).

The RR for ? is 1.17. For each 5% increase in energy consumed in this form of fat, there is a 17% increase in heart disease risk.

Saturated fat.

Your body contains thousands of different types of proteins, each with a specific function. A protein's function is largely determined by its ?

Shape.

Which of the following make up the backbone a polynucleotide strand?

Sugar and phosphate.

A relative risk (RR) of 1 means the risk of heart disease is ? compared to an equivalent intake of carbohydrates.

The same.

A protei's alpha helices and beta sheets fold together to create an overall shape at the ? level of protein structure.

Third.

The RR of ? is the highest among the types of fats tested, suggesting that these fats pose are the greatest health risk.

Trans fat.

How many polynucleotides are found in one molecule of DNA?

Two.

glucose + glucose ---> _________ by __________.

maltose + water .... dehydration synthesis (maltose is the disaccharide formed when two glucose molecules are linked by dehydration synthesis).