Mastering Biology Chapter 6 Study Module

Basal bodies are most closely associated with which of the following cell components?

cilia

A substance moving from outside the cell into the cytoplasm must pass through __________.

plasma menbrane

Cell junctions in plant cells are called __________, and communicating junctions in animal cells are called __________.

plasmodesmata; gap junctions

Which statement about the cytoskeleton is true? A. Components of the cytoskeleton often mediate the movement of organelles within the cytoplasm. B.Microtubules are chains of proteins that resist stretching. C. Plant cells lack a cytoskeleton because they have a rigid cell wall. D. Microfilaments are more permanent structures in cells compared to intermediate filaments and microtubules. Intermediate filaments are hollow tubes of protein that provide structural support.

A. Components of the cytoskeleton often mediate the movement of organelles within the cytoplasm.

Which of the following are true in respect to cells' chromosomes?

Chromosomes are present throughout a cell's reproductive cycle. All cells possess one or more chromosomes. Chromosomes only exist when cells are actively synthesizing proteins.

In terms of cellular function, what is the most important difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Eukaryotic cells are compartmentalized which allows for specalization

Cilia and flagella move due to the interaction of the cytoskeleton with which of the following?

motor proteins

Which of the following groups is primarily involved in synthesizing molecules needed by the cell?

Ribosomes, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and smooth endoplasmic reticulum

What is the functional connection between the nucleolus, nuclear pores, and the nuclear membrane?

Subunits of ribosomes are assembled in the nucleolus and pass through the nuclear membrane via the nuclear pores.

Your intestine is lined with individual cells. No fluids leak between these cells from the gut into your body. Why?

The intestinal cells are bound together by tight junctions.

The extracellular matrix of the animal cell has all of the following molecular components except __________.

a middle lamella

The organelle that is a plant cell's compartment for the storage of inorganic ions such as potassium and chloride is the __________.

central vacuole

Animal cells have unique organelles called __________ that are composed of structures called __________.

centrosomes; centrioles

Bacterial cells are prokaryotic. Unlike a typical eukaryotic cell they __________.

have no membrane-bounded organelles in their cytoplasm

A protein that ultimately functions in the plasma membrane of a cell is most likely to have been synthesized __________.

in the rough endoplasmic reticulum

The walls of plant cells are largely composed of polysaccharides and proteins that are synthesized __________.

in the rough endoplasmic reticulum and in the Golgi apparatus

The endosymbiont theory explains the origins of __________

mitochondria and chloroplasts

Microfilaments function in cell motility including __________.

muscle contraction, amoeboid movement, and cytoplasmic streaming in plants

The endoplasmic reticulum is part of the endomembrane system, which also includes the __________.

nuclear envelope, the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and vesicles

Which of the following is present in a prokaryotic cell?

ribosomes

You would expect a cell with an extensive Golgi apparatus to __________

secrete a lot of protein

The function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) is __________.

to synthesize proteins that are secreted as glycoproteins

The region of a bacterial cell that contains the genetic material is called the __________.

ucleoid

Cell motility, which includes changes both in cell location and in the movement of cell parts, requires interactions of the cytoskeleton __________.

with motor proteins

Observing a fluorescent micrograph cell with intermediate filaments would help you identify the cell as a __________.

human skin cells

The network of fibers that organizes structures and activities in a cell __________.

is the cytoskeleton

Cells are small because __________

of the geometric relationships between surface and volume

Dye injected into a plant cell might be able to enter an adjacent cell through __________.

plasmodesmata

Evidence that supports the prokaryotic origins of mitochondria and chloroplasts are all of the following except __________.A. that mitochondria and chloroplasts are somewhat independent within a cell B. that mitochondria and chloroplasts have multiple copies of circular DNA molecules associated with their membranes C. that mitochondria and chloroplasts have multiple copies of linear DNA molecules associated with their inner membranes D. that mitochondria and chloroplasts can grow and reproduce within a cell that the ancestral prokaryote had two outer membranes, which became the double membranes of the mitochondria and chloroplasts

that mitochondria and chloroplasts have multiple copies of linear DNA molecules associated with their inner membranes

__________ are membrane-bound metabolic compartments that specialize in the production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and its conversion to water.

Peroxisomes