mastering biology questions--gene to protein & gene expression
What name is given to the process in which the information encoded in a strand of mRNA is used to construct a protein?
Translation
__________binds to DNA enhancer regions
activators
What would most likely lead to cancer?
amplification of a proto-oncogene and inactivation of a tumor suppressor gene
miRNAs can control gene expression by what action?
binding to mRNA and degrading them or blocking their translation
Muscle cells differ from nerve cells mainly because they...
express different genes
The flow of information in a cell proceeds in what sequence?
from DNA to RNA to protein
In Humans, the hormone testosterone enters cells and binds to specific proteins, which bind to specific sites on the DNA. These proteins probably act to do what?
help RNA polymerase transcribe certain genes
Enzyme complexes that break down proteins are called...
proteasomes
The nuclear membrane's role in regulation of gene expression involves....
regulating the transport of mRNA to the cytoplasm
What are some examples of post transcriptional control of gene expression?
removal of introns and alternative splicing of exons; degradation of mRNA; Protein processing and degradation; Blocking ribosomal attachment to mRNA
What is the advantage of short lives proteins?
short lived proteins enable cells to control their activities efficiently
The amount of protein made using mRNA depends partly on...
the rate that mRNA is degraded
The direction of synthesis of an RNA transcript is _____.
5'--> 3'
Polypeptides are assembled from _____.
Amino Acids
Which of these correctly illustrates the pairing of DNA and RNA nucleotides?
GTTACG CAAUGC
What is the function of the splicesome?
In RNA processing, it takes out introns and connects exons
What directly binds to the promoter?
RNA polymerase and transcription factors
What name is given to the process in which pre-mRNA is edited into mRNA?
RNA processing
What is true about the DNA of your brain cells compared to the DNA of your other cells?
The DNA is the same
What name is given to the process in which a strand of DNA is used as a template for the manufacture of a strand of pre-mRNA?
Transcription
DNA methalyation is a mechanism used by eukaryotes to do what?
inactivate genes
RNA processing converts the RNA transcript into _____.
mRNA
A codon consists of _____ bases and specifies which _____ will be inserted into the polypeptide chain.
three ... amino acid
The function of enhancers is an example of.....
transcriptional control of gene expression
The protein phosphorylation enzyme's role in the regulation of gene expression involves...
protein activation
