McGraw Hill Civics Chapter 5 & 6 TEST review

Freedom of Speech

guarantees our right of free speech

What is the impact of the Bill of Rights on society

it allowed states to be more free from tyranny

What has the Constitution been amended in the past

it took amendments to the Constitution to free enslaved people and give women the right to vote.

Black Codes

laws from after the Civil War that kept African Americans from holding certain jobs, gave them few property rights, and limited their rights in other ways

Civil rights movement

movement in the United States beginning in the 1960s and led primarily by Blacks in an effort to establish the civil rights of individual Black citizens

Rule of law

principle that the law applies to everyone, even those who govern

Expost facto

punishing an act that wasn't illegal when commited

censorship

the banning of printed materials or films due to alarming or offensive ideas

Articles of Confederation

the first constitution of the United States

free speech

the right to say our opinions, in public or in private, without fear of being stopped or punished by the government for those ideas

Appellate process

the system of appealing a court case

bicameral

they were divided into two parts, or houses

Ordain

to establish by law; to order or command;

ratify

to vote approval of

Libel

(n.) a written statement that unfairly or falsely harms the reputation of the person about whom it is made; (v.) to write or publish such a statement

Why was the 18th amendment repealed

...

What are the seven Articles?

1 - Legislative Branch 2 - Executive Branch 3 - Judicial Branch 4 - State government VS National government 5 - Changing the Constitution 7 - How to ratify

What are the three part of the constitution?

1. Preamble 2. Articles 3. Amendments

Northwest Ordinance

1787 law that set up a government for the Northwest Territory and served as a model for other new territories and as a plan for admitting new states to the Union

26th Amendment (1971)

18 year olds gain the right to vote

How many ammendments are there?

27

Senate

300 members, issued laws, served a life term, from the Patrician class, chose the councils

Great compromise

A compromise that proposed two houses of Congress; one where a state's population would determine representation and another where all states were represented equally

Search warrant

A court order allowing law enforcement officers to search a suspect's home or business and take specific items as evidence

Indictment

A formal charge by a grand jury

Popular sovereignty

A government in which the people rule by their own consent.

Voting rights act

A law designed to help end formal and informal barriers to African American suffrage.

Civil rights act

A law that ended discrimination based on race or gender.

National government

A main government that would unify the states

Constitutional convention

A meeting in Philadelphia in 1787 that produced a new constitution

Preamble

A passage or speech which introduces another longer passage or speech

Bail

A sum of money used as a security deposit to ensure that an accused person returns for his or her trial

Legislative supremacy

A system of government in which the legislative branch has ultimate power.

Literacy test

A test given to persons to prove they can read and write before being allowed to register to vote

13th Amendment (1865)

Abolishes and prohibits slavery

Self-incrimination

Accusing oneself or giving evidence that may prove oneself guilty

Ratification

Act of official confirmation

9th Amendment (1791)

Addresses our unenumerated rights

Eminent domain

Allows the govt to take property for public use but also requires the govt to provide just compensation for that property

How has the right to vote been expanded through amendments

Amendment 15: all races can vote Amendment 19: woman can vote Amendment 26: 18 to vote

How does the Constitution protect a person suspected of a crime

Amendment five: right of the accused

Habeas corpus

An order to produce an arrested person before a judge.

Supremacy clause

Article VI of the Constitution, which makes the Constitution, national laws, and treaties supreme over state laws when the national government is acting within its constitutional limits

How did the articles of Confederation organize the national government

Articles of Confederation created a weak national government with most of the governmental powers retained by the states. The Articles provided no separation of branches. There was no president or any other independent executive, nor was there a federal judicial branch. Congress, the legislature, was the only branch of government. Members elected to congress did not vote as individuals, but as states. While congress did have some powers, it could not enforce its laws on the states or the people. States were permitted to coin their own money.

Freedom of the Press

Because we have freedom of the press, the government cannot censor news reports

Double Jeopardy

Being tried twice for the same crime

Where were the first ten amendments?

Bill of Rights

14th Amendment (1868)

Citizens rights

7th Amendment (1791)

Civil Law

Civil liberties

Constitutional freedoms guaranteed to all citizens

Slander

False charges and malicious oral statements about someone

Freedom of Religion

First Amendment protects freedom of religion in two ways 1. Congress cannot establish, or set up, any religion 2. how people express their faith

Due process

Following established legal procedures

Posterity

Future generations

Welfare

Government aid to the poor

4th Amendment (1791)

Guards against unreasonable searches and seizures

Congress

Has the power to ratify treaties and delcare war, and the power to make laws.

Supreme court

Has the power to settle disputes between states

What does it mean to promote the general welfare

Help the poor

How did Shays rebellion show the weaknesses of the articles of Confederation

It showed that people could easily override the government

Forced internment

Japanese-American War Relocation Camps

What was the biggest weakness of the articles of Confederation

Lack of Power

What is the function of the legislative branch, the executive branch, and the judicial branch

Legislative branch: to make laws Executive branch: to enforce laws Judicial branch: to interpret laws

22nd Amendment (1951)

Limit on presidential terms

3rd Amendment (1791)

No quartering of troops in peacetime

Is it easy to to change the Amendments?

No, its very difficult because the Framers, or Founding Fathers as they are also called, made it difficult so people wouldnt change very often

Enumerated powers

Powers given to the national government alone

Concurrent powers

Powers held jointly by the national and state governments.

10th Amendment (1791)

Powers of the state and people

18th Amendment (1919)

Prohibition of liquor

8th Amendment (1791)

Prohibits excessive bail and no unusual punishment

24th Amendment (1964)

Prohibits federal and state governments from charging poll tax

21st Amendment (1933)

Repeal of prohibition (18th Amendment)

Freedom of Assembly

The government has the power to make rules about when and where these activities are held. It cannot ban them, though.

6th Amendment (1791)

The right to a fair and speedy trial

2nd Amendment (1791)

The right to bear arms

5th Amendment (1791)

The right to due process and no double jeopardy

1st Amendment (1791)

The right to free speech, press, assembly, petition, and religion

Equal rights act

This wasn't passed because opponents believed it would weaken the traditional roles of women

Impeach

To accuse government officials of misconduct in office

What does it mean to ensure domestic tranquility

To keep peace in the country

What were the intentions of the preamble of the Constitution

To make a more perfect union

15th Amendment (1870)

U.S. cannot prevent a person from voting because of race, color, or creed

constitution

a detailed, written plan for government

petition

a formal request for government action

confederation

a group of individuals or state governments

Ordinance of 1785

a law that set up a plan for surveying western lands; this method is still used today.

ordinance

a law, usually of a city or county

Tranquility

a state of peace and quiet

Independent judiciary

a system of judges and courts that is separate from other branches of government.

Shays's Rebellion Who? What? When? Why? How?

an uprising of Massachusetts farmers who did not want to lose their farms because of debt caused by heavy state taxes after the American Revolution Who? - Massachusetts farmers What? - did not want to lose their farms When? - after the American Revolution Why? - debt caused by heavy state taxes How? - an uprising

Constitutional right

basic rights guaranteed by the bill of rights (written guarantee that government cannot abuse the rights of individuals

What are the 5 parts of the first amendment?

freedom of religion, freedom of speech, freedom of the press, freedom of assembly, freedom to petition the government

Freedom to Petition

gives us the right to send petitions to the government