MCOM 2310 Exam 2

Military Veterans

-Support/ development of networking groups -Offering educational components focused on professional development, leadership, or veterans community initiatives -Programs addressing veterans' transition, networking, and post traumatic stress needs -Mandatory employee training or military related issues -Veteran internship programs -Educating groups, such as chambers of commerce, Rotary clubs, on veteran recruitment

Ways to Improve Nonverbal Effectiveness

-Monitor your nonverbal behavior -Demonstrate interest in others -Observe conventions

Causes of Conflict

-The topic at hand -The process -Relational issues -Ego/ Identity issues -Privacy issues

Social Class

-Research demonstrates that parents tend to raise their children with the social class values of their own workplaces

Regional Differences

-Your manner of speaking can have a strong effect on how you are perceived

Characteristics of Nonverbal Communication

- Always has communicative value -Powerful -Ambiguous -Primarily expresses attitudes -Affects career success -Culture bond

Illegal Questions

-"What is your maiden name?" -"Have you ever changed your name?" -"Do you own or rent your home?" -Age -Birth date -Dates of attendance or completion of elementary or high school -Questions that tend to identify applicants who are older than age -Birthplace of the applicant, applicant's parents, spouse, or other relatives -"Are you a U.S. citizen?" or citizenship of the applicant, applicant's parents, spouse, or other relatives -Requirement that the applicant produce naturalization, first papers, or alien card prior to employment -Questions as to nationality, lineage, ancestry, national origin, descent, or parentage of the applicant, applicant's parents, or spouse -"What is your mother tongue?" or the language commonly used by the applicant -How the applicant acquired the ability to read, write, or speak a foreign language -Questions that indicate the applicant's sex -Questions that indicate the applicant's marital status -Number and/or ages of children or dependents -Provisions for child care -Questions regarding pregnancy, childbearing, or birth control -Name or address of a relative, spouse, or children of an adult applicant -"With whom do you reside?" -"Do you live with your parents?" -Questions about the applicant's race or color -Questions about the applicant's complexion or color of skin, eyes, or hair -Questions regarding the applicant's religion -Religious day observed or "Does your religion prevent you from working weekends or holidays?" -Arrest record or "Have you ever been arrested?" -General questions regarding military service, such as dates and types of discharge -Questions regarding service in a foreign military -"List all organizations, clubs, and societies to which you belong" -Questions of the applicant's former employers or acquaintances that elicit information specifying the applicant's race, color, religious creed, national origin, ancestry, physical handicap, medical condition, martial status, age , or sex

How to Respond to Illegal Questions

-Answer without objection -Seek explanation -Redirection -Refusal

Monroe's Motivated Sequence

-Attention -Need -Satisfaction -Visualization -Action

5 Approaches to Conflict

-Avoiding -Accommodating -Competing -Collaborating -Compromising

Generational Differences

-Baby boomers: (born 1946-1964) Generation that is currently undergoing the most flux in the workplace. >Its members are beginning to retire at an increasing rate >Raised to be independent and believe they have the power to effect meaningful changes >Leading many Boomers to question the claims of authority figures >Receive gratification from winning and achieving -Generation Xers: (born 1965-1980) Hold many of the management positions in today's organizations. >Adept with technology, skeptical, and independent, and they posses a strong desire for work like balance >Place a high priority on fun, informality, and creativity on the job >Respect performance over tenure and are loyal to people, over organizations >Believe their technology use, work ethic, conservative/traditional values, intelligence, and respectfulness distinguish them from other generations. -Millennials: (born 1980-2000) also known as Generation Y, Net Generation, and Digital Natives. >Have become the largest generation by number in the U.S. workforce >Technology adept, ambitious, confident, hopeful, determined, and entrepreneurial >Most ethnically diverse generation in history

Tips for Navigating a Career Fair

-Before you go: >Ask yourself what will make you stand out from the hundred people a recruiter might see in a day >Gain a competitive edge by learning about the employers that interest you >Rehearse your "elevator" speech so you can present yourself clearly and professionally -At the fair: >Arrive early >Don't ever ask what an employer does >Manage your time efficiently >If you must stand in line, use that time to talk with other candidates >Approach the company's representative with confidence >Always think about how your career objectives and qualifications meet the employer's needs >Ask for the business card of anyone with whom you speak -After the fair: >For the employers that look like a good match, follow up with a phone call or an email to express thanks and confirm your interest >Remind the person where you met, what you talked about, and how your skills and qualifications math the company's needs

Sex and Gender

-Create guidelines that explain expectations of transitioning employees, supervisors, colleagues, and staff -Host diversity training and educational programs -Offer employees an option to self identify using anonymous surveys or confidential human resources records -Have formally recognized employee networks for diverse populations of the workforce -Provide networks related to such issues access to resources, such as meeting rooms -Develop inclusive and visible philanthropic efforts

Nature of Culture

-Culture: as a learned set of shared interpretations about beliefs, values, and norms that affect the behaviors of a relatively large group of people -Cultures are invisible to the people used to inhabiting them

Cultural Differences on International Business

-Customs and behavior >Formality >Social customs >Styles of dress >Time: Monochronic and ploychronic >Tolerance for conflict >Gender roles

Visual Elements

-Dress effectively -Step up to speak with confidence and authority -Get set before speaking -Begin without looking at your notes -Establish and maintain eye contact -Stand and move effectively -Do not pack up early -Pause, then move out confidently

Media for Presenting Visual Aids

-Dry erase boards -Flip charts and poster boards >Flip charts: consist of a large pad of paper attached to an easel -Computer displays -Handouts: provide a permanent record of your ideas

Race and Ethnicity

-Each person's communication style is a combination of individual and cultural traits -The amount of tale and silence that is appropriate can differ from one co culture to another -Attitudes toward conflict also differ from one ethnic co culture to another

Types of Questions

-Educational background >Does the candidate posses adequate training for a successful career? >Do the candidate's grades and other activities predict success in this organization? -Work experience >Did any previous jobs prepare the candidate for this position? >What does the candidate's employment history suggest about his or her work habits and ability to work well with others? -Career goals >Does the candidate have clear goals? >Are they compatible with a career in this organization? -Personal traits >Do the candidate's actions and attitudes predict good work habits and good interpersonal skills? -Knowledge of organization and job >Does the candidate know the job and organization well enough to be certain he or she will feel happy in them?

Fundamental Dimensions of Cultural Diversity

-High and low context cultures -Individualism -Power distance: refers to attitudes difference in authority -Uncertainty avoidance: measure of how accepting a culture is of a lack of predictability -Masculinity -Future Orientation

Intercultural Communication

-Intercultural: Something that occurs between people of different cultures. -Intracultural: Something that occurs between people in the same culture. -Culture shock: Feeling of disorientation experiences by someone who is suddenly subjected to an unfamiliar culture, way of line or set of attitudes >Honeymoon stage >Irritability and hostility >Gradual adjustment >Adaptation of biculturalism >Reentry shock -How can a culture be different? General behavior, food, education system, humor. -Co Cultures: Groups that have a clear identity within the majority culture. -Cultures are invisible to the people used to inhabiting them.

Win/ Loose, Loose/ Loose

-It is based on the assumption only one side can reach its goals, such that any victory by that party will be matched by the other party's loss -Two competitors try to gain an advantage at the other's expense

Types of Visual Aids

-Objects and Models: make sure item is large enough for everyone to see, show the audience a photograph or video of the item, do not pass the item around. -Photographs: can be the most effective means of illustrating a verity of images that need literal representation, provide an excellent form of proof, insure the photo is clear and does not appear pixelated from being resized. -Infographics: useful when complex information needs to be presented in a manner that is clear and easy for a wide audience to understand. >1. Identify the story you want to tell >2. Locate credible statistical data >3. Create a wireframe or outline to where your text and images will be places. >4. Ensure that the design of your infographic matches the tone of the information being presented >5. Use a variety of icons, illustrations, and charts to present your data >6. Choose a color palette >7. Become comfortable with whitespace >8. Proofread your final version -Diagrams: abstract, two demensional drawings that show the important properties of objects without being completely representational. -Lists and tables: effective means of highlighting key facts and figures >Keep the visual aid simple >Use numbered and/or bulleted lists to emphasize key points >Use text sparingly >Use large type >Enhance the lists or tables readability -Pie charts: illustrate component percentages of a single item. -Bar and column charts: compare the value of several items. -Pictograms: artistic variations of bar, column, or pie charts. -Graphs: show the correlation between two quantities. -Video

Negotiations

-Occurs when two or more parties (either individuals or groups) discuss specific proposals and seek a mutually acceptable agreement

Before, During, and After The Interview

-Pre interview: conduct background research (you, job position, organization/ industry), and find the location and arrive early. -Interview: Be polite to everyone you meet, anticipate key questions, respond to the employers needs and concerns, and know rights >ways to answer illegal questions: answer without objection, seek explanation, or refuse >and prepare questions for the employer. -Post interview: send a Thank You note, follow up, (if you do not get the job) ask what you can do to improve your performance for your next interview.

Presentation Software advantages and dangers

-Presentation software: such as Microsoft PowerPoint, Apple Keynotes, and Prezi, allows anyone with a computer to create and deliver a professional looking presentation with text and visuals -Advantages of presentation software: >Deliver an onscreen show with special effects such as smooth transitions between screens, animation, and synchronized timing the reveals each point as you raise it >Organize a set of speakers notes for yourself >Prepare a variety of handouts for your audience, based on your speaking notes or displays >Create "run time" versions of your displays so you can distribute copies of your presentation to people who may not have see you speak >Create charts, graphs and tables -Dangers of Presentation Software >Poorly conceived messages >Design over content >Overly complex presentations

Guidelines for Using Visual Aids

-Selection >Be sure you have a reason for using a visual aid >Keep your slide shows brief >Match the sophistication of your visuals to the audience -Design >Make sure the visual is large enough to see >Keep the design of your visuals simple >Use only a few words >Use only horizontal printing >Label all items clearly >Display a visual only while you are discussing it >Make sure your visuals will work in the meeting room >Practice using your visuals

Functions of Visual Aids

-Show how things look -Show how things work -Show how things relate to one another -Emphasize important points

Job Interview Tips

-Social media: clean it up, build a profile you want an employer to see -Create a bottom line budget: collect information on all living expenses, spending money, and type of lifestyle. -Mentally prepare for interviews: positive self talk before interview, positively communicate your skills/ abilities -Prepare for a meal -Expect the unexpected -Give evidence to back up your answers -Nonverbal considerations: eye contact, facial expressions, posture, symmetric positioning, appearance, and vocals -Close with strength: "I believe I am the most qualified person for this job, is there any reason you will not offer it to me today?""I believe I am a great fit for this job, do you have any hesitation about hiring me?"

Vocal Elements

-Speak with enthusiasm and sincerity -Speak loudly enough to be heard -Avoid disfluencies >Disfluencies: are those stammers and stutters that creep into everyone's language at one time or another. -Vary your speech -Use pauses effectively

Disabilities

-The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and the ADA Amendments Act (ADAAA) define a person with a disability as someone who has a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities, someone who has a history or record of such an impairment, or someone who is perceived by others as having such an impairment. -Look at and speak directly to that person -Be considerate of people's service animals -Avoid assuming the preferences and needs of people with disabilities -Communicate clearly and comprehensibly -If you do not need to know about the specific nature of someone's disability, do not ask about that person's disability -In your conversation, relax

Work Relationships

-Two types of relationships: >Choice: relationships you choose to initiate, maintain, and (if needed) terminate. >Circumstance: relationships that exist because of life experiences. -Characteristics of work relationships: >Circumstance. >Result of proximity. >Revolve around work. >Often terminate when employment changes. -Functions of work friends: >Information exchange: confirm, expand, expedite, contradict, and circumvent. >Social support. >Organizational support. >Newcomer assimilation. >Improved performance. >Retention. >Employee engagement. -Powerful partnership: a strategic alliance with a colleague that posses complimentary strengths to your own. >Can be short term, but often develops. -Work spouse: a work colleague with whom one has a close working partnership and relationship that in many ways mimics a marriage. -Dr. Chad McBride >Blurring lines between work life and personal life >Heterosexual paired with gay, lesiban, or bisexual or with same sex. >65% have or had a work spouse. >2%became romantically involved. >Terminated due to loss of job.

Verbal Elements

-Use an oral speaking style >Keep most sentences short. >Use personal pronouns freely. >Use the active voice. >Use contractions. >Address your listeners by name. -Do not emphasize mistakes -Use proper vocabulary, enunciation, and pronunciation

Types of Nonverbal Communication

-Voice -Appearance >Look around >Dress for the job you want >Err on the side of dressing conservatively >Do not show too much skin >Do not confused "casual" with "sloppy" -The face and eyes -Posture and movement -Personal space and distance -Physical environment -Time

Questions for the Interviewer

-Why is this position open? -How often has his position been filled during the past 5 years? -What have been the reasons for people leaving in the past? -Why did the person who most recently held this position leave? -What would you like the next person who holds this job to do differently? -What are the most pressing issues and problems in this position? -What kind of support does this position have? -What are the criteria for success in this position? -What might be the next career steps for a person who does well in this position? -What do you see as the future of this position? This organization? -What are the most important qualities you will look for in the person who will occupy this position?

Business Lunch

-Why lunch matters to your career success. -Research indicates in the private and public sectors the alarming lack of interpersonal business skills among out college students. -According to NACE, good business etiquette is one of the top three lacking skills. -Lunch helps your brand. -Brand: what people associate with you before, during, and after they have met you. -Your brand identity: traits, ideas, attributes, and images that define you to others. -Goal: unique, positive, professional presence. 1.Go in with a flexible agenda. -Agenda: decide upfront on optimum outcome, plan ahead with partners, and have a mental checklist (and maybe in your pocket), but prepare to call an audible if circumstances change. 2.Prepare for lunch. -Visualize: Intel the place where you will eat, dress for the client and the outcome, not just the venue, and think ahead about your tone, style, manners, etc. 3.Order right -Order something simple, do not over eat/ supersize and no sloppies. -Calibrate the costs. -Do not stand out or order the most expensive. 5.Follow up -Take notes, clarify and confirm through email, and maybe even send them a Thank You note.

Parts of an Elevator Pitch

1. States your name and your current job title or position >"Hi, I'm Claire Yoder. I'm a senior, graduating in December." 2.Describe some personal strengths or distinguishing information .>"I'm completing my accounting major this semester with a 3.8 GPA, and I've developed additional skills in tax preparation through volunteer work with Tax- Help USA." 3. Depending on your audience, state what you can do for others or ask for their help. >"If you or someone you know needs help with tax preparation, I can help." >"If you know of any openings in accounting, I'd like to hear about them." 4. Indicate how the person can get in touch with you or how you plan to contact this person. >"Here's my card with my e-mail. I'd like to hear from you."