MCQ

58) One or more statements that make predictions about expectations in quantitative research is called ........................

Hypothesis

59) One or more statements that state the aims of a research is known as ............

Research Objectives

60) ...................... lays out the overall direction that quantitative or qualitative

Research Questions

64). Research is cyclical and is based on certain critical assumptions. A. True B. False

T

68). To solve practical educational problems, applied research is conducted. A. True B. False

T

13). Qualitative research is often exploratory and has all of the following characteristics except: a. it is typically used when a great deal is already known about the topic of interest b. it relies on the collection of nonnumerical data such as words and pictures c. it is used to generate hypotheses and develop theory about phenomena in the world d. it uses the inductive scientific method

a

28) Weight is both a __________ and a __________ variable a. Numerical, Continuous b. Categorical, Continuous c. Categorical, Discrete d. Numerical, Discrete

a

3) Why is it important to have well formulated research questions? a. It gives greater clarity to the research process and what you wish to research. b. It leads to more focused research. c. It provides more structure to my work. d. All the above

a

30) Which of the following is not a non-probability sample? a. Stratified b. Convenience c. Purposive d. Snowball.

a

50). A researcher designs an experiment to test how variables interact and to influence how well children learn spelling words. In this case, the main purpose of the study was: a. Explanation b. Description c. Influence d. Prediction

a

54). Which of the following is a form of research typically conducted by teachers, counsellors, and other professionals to answer questions they have and to specifically help them solve local impending problems? a. action research b. basic research c. predictive research d. orientational research

a

10). Which of the following includes examples of quantitative variables? a. age, temperature, income, height b. grade point average, anxiety level, reading performance c. gender, religion, ethnic group d. all the above

a/b

14). Which of the following best describes quantitative research? a. the collection of nonnumerical data b. an attempt to confirm the researcher's hypotheses c. research that is exploratory d. research that attempts to generate a new theory

b

15). A condition or characteristic that can take on different values or categories is called ___ .a. a constant b. a variable c. a cause-and-effect relationship d. a descriptive relationship

b

19). Hypotheses in qualitative research studies usually _____. a. Are very specific and stated prior to beginning the study b. Are often generated as the data are collected, interpreted, and analyzed c. Are never used d. Are always stated after the research study has been completed

b

21) Which of the following is not a measure of variability? a. Range b. Percentile ranks c. Variance d. Standard deviation

b

22). ____________ is the range of upper and lower statistical values that is consistent with observed data and is likely to contain the actual population mean a. Range b. Confidence interval c. Interquartile range d. Multiple regression

b

23) A procedure for making decisions about results by comparing an observed value of a sample with a population value to determine if no difference or relationship exists between the values is called ............ a. effect Sze b. hypothesis testing c. correlation d. chi-square

b

25) Which of the following is NOT a necessary component in the discussion of your research results? a. Summarize major results b. End on a non-positive note c. Suggest future research d. Explain the implications of the results for the audiences

b

27) A ____________ is a subgroup of the target population that the researcher plans to study for the purpose of making generalizations about the target population. a. sample estimate b. sample c. sub population d. study population

b

32) In ___________ sampling, the researcher asks participants to identify other participants to become members of the sample. a. convenience b. snowball c. stratified d. systematic

b

35) Prince wants to conduct a research in UCC Hospital. He would need to collect data from the patients that used the hospital services in the past three years. The patient database shows a total of number of 5000 patients. Using a statistical technique, he ends up with 320 patients as the size for his research. What statistical technique did he use? a. Randomisation b. Sampling c. Estimation d. None of the above

b

37) Sample data are used to estimate parameters of a population. What are parameters? a. They are the estimates of a sample data b. They are the characteristics of the population data c. They are the characteristics of a sample data d. They are the estimates of a population data

b

41). Hypotheses in qualitative research studies usually _____. a. Are very specific and stated prior to beginning the study b. Are often generated as the data are collected, interpreted, and analysed c. Are never used d. Are always stated after the research study has been completed

b

43). A good qualitative research problem statement: a. Defines the independent and dependent variables b. Conveys a sense of emerging research design c. Specifies a research hypothesis to be tested d. Specifies the relationship between variables that the researcher expects to find

b

44). The statement of purpose in a research study should: a. Identify the design of the study b. Identify the intent or objective of the study c. Specify the type of people to be used in the study d. Describe the study

b

45). The research participants are described in detail in which section of the research plan? a. Introduction b. Method c. Data analysis d. Discussion

b

53). Open-ended questions provide primarily ______ data. a. Confirmatory data b. Qualitative data c. Predictive data d. None of the above

b

55) ................................ helps you select literatures that examine the same research problem you propose in your study a. Accessibility Relevance b. Problem Relevance c. Site Relevance d. Topic Relevance

b

6). What is a research design? a. A way of conducting research that is not grounded in theory. b. A framework for every stage of the collection and analysis of data. c. The choice between using qualitative or quantitative methods. d. The style in which you present your research findings, e.g. a graph.

b

8). Research that is done to understand an event from the past is known as _____? a. experimental research b. historical research c. replication d. archival research

b

9). ______ research occurs when the researcher manipulates the independent variable. a. causal-comparative research b. experimental research c. ethnography d. correlational research

b

11). A variable that is presumed to cause a change in another variable is called a(n): a. categorical variable b. dependent variable c. independent variable d. intervening variable

c

16). In research, something that does not "vary" is called a ___________. a. variable b. method c. constant d. control group

c

24) _____________ is means for identifying the practical strength of the conclusions about group differences or about the relationship among variables a. effect Sze b. hypothesis testing c. correlation d. chi-square

c

26) The difference between the sample estimate and the true population is the ....... a. sampling difference b. sampling frame c. sampling error d. sample estimation

c

31) A researcher used a type of sampling method in which every unit in the populationhad a chance of being selected in the sample. Which of the following is a possible type he used? a. Quota Sampling b. Convenience c. Stratified Snowball

c

34) The Blood group of a group of 100 patients were taken for a research study by Afful. Afful wants to find out which type of variable to put blood group under. Which type will you place it under? a. Ordinal b. Discrete c. Nominal Continuous

c

39). A qualitative research question: a. Asks a question about some process, or phenomenon to be explored b. Is generally an open-ended question c. both a and b are correct d. None of the above

c

40). According to text, which of the following orders is the recommended in a flowchart of the development of a research idea? a. Research topic, research problem, research objective, research question, hypothesis b. Research topic, research objective, research problem, research question, hypothesis c. Research topic, research problem, research purpose, research question, hypothesis d. Research topic, hypothesis, research problem, research question, research objective

c

49). Which of these is not a method of data collection? a. Questionnaires b. Interviews c. Experiments d. Observations

c

56) Which of the following is not a level of literature reviewing? a. Meta-analysis b. Systematic Review c. Narrative-analysis d. Narrative Review

c

12). All of the following are common characteristics of experimental research except: a. it relies primarily on the collection of numerical data b. it can produce important knowledge about cause and effect c. it uses the deductive scientific method d. it rarely conducted in a controlled setting or environment

d

17). According to studies, which of the following is not a source of research ideas? a. Everyday life b. Practical issues c. Past research, theory d. All the above

d

18). A research plan _____. a. Should be detailed b. Should be given to others for review and comments c. Sets out the rationale for a research study d. All of the above

d

20). The Method section of the research plan typically specifies a. The research participants and planned research procedures b. The results of prior studies that address the phenomena of interest c. The apparatus, instruments, and materials for the research study d. a, and c

d

29) A survey was done to find out the political party a group of students belonged to. In this survey, Political party as a variable is ... a. Numerical b. Discrete c. Continuous d. Categorical

d

33) Which of the following criteria is NOT necessary for choosing a good research instrument? a. Is the instrument widely cited by other authors? b. Are reviews available for the instrument? c. Does the procedure for recording data fit the research questions/hypotheses in your study? d. None of the above

d

36) Which of the following is NOT is not a step in the process of quantitative data collection? a. Determining participants to study b. Obtaining permissions needed c. Considering what types of information to collect d. Interpretation of Results

d

4) Which of the following is a criterion for a good research question? a. Questions should be long and use complex terms b. Questions should show where my research biases are. c. Questions should sound contemporary. d. Questions should connect with established theory and research.

d

42). The Method section of the research plan typically specifies a. The research participants and planned research procedures b. The results of prior studies that address the phenomena of interest c. The apparatus, instruments, and materials for the research study d. a, and c

d

46). Research hypotheses are ______. a. Formulated prior to a review of the literature b. Statements of predicted relationships between variables c. Stated such that they can be confirmed or refuted d. b and c

d

47). The Introduction section of the research plan a. Gives an overview of prior relevant studies b. Contains a statement of the purpose of the study c. Concludes with a statement of the research questions and, for quantitative research, it includes the research hypothesis d. All the above

d

48). According to the text, questionnaires can address events and characteristics taking place when? a. In the past (retrospective questions) b. In the present (current time questions) c. In the future (prospective questions) d. All the above

d

5) What practical steps can you take before you actually start your research? a. Find out exactly what your institution's requirements are for a research. b. Make sure you are familiar with the hardware and software you plan to use. c. Apply for clearance of your project through an ethics committee. d. All the above.

d

51). Which of the following statements is true of a theory? a. it most simply means "explanation" b. it answers the "how" and "why" questions c. it can be a well-developed explanatory system d. all the above are correct

d

52). Which of the following is not a characteristic of a good theory or explanation? a. It is parsimonious b. It is testable c. It is general enough to apply to more than one place, situation, or person d. All of the above are characteristics of good theories

d

57) Which of the following is a necessary step in a systematic review? a. Build a review team b. Select Studies c. Extract Data d. All the above

d

7). Research in which the researcher uses both qualitative and quantitative research within a stage or across two of the stages in the research process is known as ______ .a. action research b. basic research c. quantitative research d. mixed method research

d

2) "Internal validity" refers to: a. whether or not there is really a causal relationship between two variables. b. whether or not the findings are relevant to the researchers' everyday lives. c. the extent to which the researcher believes that this was a worthwhile project. d. how accurately the measurements represent underlying concepts.

A

70). In experimental research, the causal between two or more variables is determined. A. True B. False

A

72). Research adds to knowledge, improves practice and informs policy formulation. A. True B. False

A

74). In conducting research, it is important to state clearly the procedure for data collection. A. True B. False

A

77). It is important to adhere to recognized guidelines and ethical practices when conducting research. A. True B. False

A

78). The importance of a research problem is established in the introduction section of the research. A. True B. False

A

80). Characteristics of Quantitative research includes using instruments to collect numeric data from a large number of people. A. True B. False

A

1) If a study is "reliable", this means that: a. the methods are outlined in the methods discussion clearly enough for the research to be replicated. b. the measures devised for concepts are stable on different occasions. c. the findings can be generalized to other social phenomena d. it was conducted by a reputable researcher who can be trusted.

B

61). In scholarly sense, research is used as facts findings or transportation of facts from one location to another. A. True B. False

B

62). Research can be represented in five broad different sense. A. True B. False

B

63). Research is just looking for information without care and gathering them. A. True B. False

B

65). Research requires a plan as a characteristic of research means stating the problem with clarity. A. True B. False

B

66). As part of making scientific enquiries for a research, one should determine how to obtain information to solve the problem before defining the problem clearly. A. True B. False

B

67). The ability of not capturing the full richness of individuals and environments being studied is an advantage of the scientific method. A. True B. False

B

69). Controlling other variables that can affect the outcomes of manipulation is seen in both Quantitative and Qualitative research. A. True B. False

B

71). A continuous variable takes an infinite number of values within a range of scores just as a categorical variable. A. True B. False

B

73). The process of a research follows in the order of: Identifying the research problem ----> Collecting Data ----> Reviewing the literature ---->Specifying the purpose of the research ----> Analyzing and Interpreting data ----> Reporting and evaluating the Research. A. True B. False

B

75). Quantitative data collection is more open - ended while qualitative data collection being more closed - ended. A. True B. False

B

76). The use of interviews and observations is seen in both qualitative and quantitative research. A. True B. False

B

79). With regards to quantitative research, flexible, emerging structures and incorporating the researcher's subjective reflexivity and bias is used in the research report. A. True B. False

B