MED SURG CHAPTER 35 (assessment of musculoskeletal function)

long bones

-femur -ulna

Red bone marrow produces

-platelets -WBCs -RBCs

A patient has a fracture of the right femur sustained in an automobile accident. What process of fracture healing does the nurse understand will occur with this patient?

3 step fracture healing process: Phase I: Reactive Phase II: Reparative Phase III: Remodeling

The nurse is performing a neurological assessment. What will this assessment include?

Assessing plantar flexion of the toes would be included in a neurological assessment

Osteoclasts

Bone-destroying cells

Epiphysis

End of a long bone

The nurse is performing a musculoskeletal assessment for a client whose right leg muscles exhibit no tone and are limp. Which descriptor should the nurse use to document this condition?

Flaccid

isometric contraction

Muscle contracts but there is no movement, muscle stays the same length

joint capsule

The fibrous sac that encloses a joint.

Vitamin B12

anemia prophylaxis

effusion

excess fluid in joint

Vitamin A

eye health

Vitamin C

skin + immune health

amphiarthrosis joint

slightly movable joint like vertebral + symphysis pubis

pre MRI questions

- are u wearing any jewelry -do you have a pacemaker -have you removed your hearing aid

Cartilage

A connective tissue that is more flexible than bone and that protects the ends of bones and keeps them from rubbing together.

Which is useful in identifying acute or chronic tears of the joint capsule or supporting ligaments of the knee, shoulder, ankle, hip, or wrist?

Arthrography is useful in identifying acute or chronic tears of the joint capsule or supporting ligaments of the knee, shoulder, ankle, hip, or waist

The orthopedic nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with a fracture of the radius. In which type of bone tissue does the nurse anticipate the fracture being?

Cancellous bone or spongy bone is light and contains many spaces making it a less solid bone than the cortical or compact bone.

After a person experiences a closure of the epiphyses, which statement is true?

No further increase in bone length occurs.

A 10-year-old boy who was brought to the emergency room after a skiing accident is diagnosed with a fracture of the distal end of the femur. Why is this type of fracture significant?

Potential growth problems may result from damage to the epiphyseal plate.

The nurse is conducting a medication reconciliation with a client admitted with a fracture. What medication predisposes a client for a risk for fractures?

Prednisone, a corticosteroid, causes increased bone resorption and decreased bone formation, resulting in increased risk for fractures

callus

area of thick hard skin

Osteoblasts

bone forming cells

A client tells the health care provider about shoulder pain that is present even without any strenuous movement. The health care provider identifies a sac filled with synovial fluid. What condition will the nurse educate the client about?

bursitis

Which hormone inhibits bone reabsorption and increases calcium deposit in the bone?

calcitonin

trabeculae

cancellous (spongy) bone

cortical bone

compact bone

Lamellae

compact bone that forms concentric rings of bones

The nurse is evaluating a client's peripheral neurovascular status. Which would the nurse report to the health care provider as a circulatory indicator of peripheral neurovascular dysfunction?

cool skin , cyanotic , or pale

The nurse working in the emergency department receives a call from the x-ray department communicating that the client the nurse is caring for has a fracture in the shaft of the tibia. The nurse tells the physician that the client's fracture is in the

diaphysis

Which diagnostic test would the nurse expect to be ordered for a client with lower extremity muscle weakness?

electromyograph (EMG) which provides information about the electrical potential of muscles and the nerves leading to them

bursa

fluid-filled sac that allows for easy movement of one part of a joint over another

diathrosis joints

freely movable joints like elbow

kyphosis

hunchback

hypertrophy

increase in cell size

Fasciculation

involuntary twitch of muscle fibers

immovable joints

joint that allows little or no movement like skull

Which of the following is an example of a hinge joint?

knee

atonic

lack of normal muscle tone

flaccid

limp , no muscle tone

Synovium

membrane in joint that secretes lubricating fluid

Endosteum

membranous lining of the hollow cavity of the bone

Serial x-rays

monitors healing of bones

A nursing student asks the nurse why older adults are at risk for falls. The best response by the nurse is:

muscles atrophy with aging

isotonic contraction

muscles contract and shorten

A nurse is caring for a client with an undiagnosed bone disease. When instructing on the normal process to maintain bone tissue, which process transforms osteoblasts into mature bone cells?

ossification + calcification Ossification and calcifications the body's process to transform osteoblasts into mature bone cells called osteocytes

Which serum level indicates the rate of bone turnover?

osteocalcin (bone GLA protein)

The nurse is caring for a client who experienced a crushing injury of the lower extremities. Which of the following symptoms is essential to be reported to the physician?

pulselessness

Clonus

rhythmic contractions of a muscle

Which of the following is an appropriate priority nursing diagnosis for the client following an arthrocentesis?

risk for infection

Diaphysis

shaft of a long bone , primarily cortical bone

fascia

sheet, band

A group of students are studying for an examination on joints. The students demonstrate understanding of the material when they identify which of the following as an example of a synarthrodial joint?

skull + occipital bones

cancellous bone

spongy bone

arthrocentesis

surgical puncture to remove fluid from the joint space

lordosis

swayback

The nurse working in the orthopedic surgeon's office is asked to schedule a shoulder arthrography. The nurse determines that the surgeon suspects which finding?

tear in the joint capsule

Which of the following is the most common site of joint effusion?

the knee

arthroscopy

visual examination of a joint

The nurse is teaching a client about a vitamin that supports calcium's absorption. What vitamin is the nurse teaching the client about?

vitamin D

atrophy

waste away muscle

The nurse is preparing the client for computed tomography (CT). Which information should be given by the nurse?

you must be very still