Med Term Digestive System Test Prep

What is the vermiform and how did the structure get its name:

1. A tubular structure off the cecum - (appendix) 2. Because it's worm like in appearance

What is the main function(s) of the large intestines:

1. Absorbs H2O, salts and some vitamins 2. Stores some H2O and indigestible materials until they can be eliminates at the anus.

List the 4 sections of the large intestines:

1. Ascending colon (cecum) 2. Transverse colon 3. Descending colon 4. Sigmoid colon (rectum)

What are the 4 primary functions of the digestive system:

1. Ingests food 2. Breaks down food into small molecules that can cross a plasma membrane 3. Absorbs the nutrient molecules 4. Eliminates waste

List the 3 parts of the pharynx:

1. Nasopharynx 2. Oropharynx 3. Laryngopharynx

List the 3 main salivary glands:

1. parotid gland(s) 2. sublingual gland(s) 3. submandibular gland(s)

Children have _____ teeth and adults have _____ teeth.

20, 28 or 32

What is the epiglottis and how does it aid digestion:

A structure that covers the glottis to prevent food from entering the respiratory system and allows food to pass down the esophagus into the stomach.

Bruxism means to be without natural teeth. - grinding of teeth (T/F)

False

The ________________virus is transmitted mainly through contamination of food and water with infected fecal matter.

Hepatitis A

What is diverticulosis:

It's a condition marked by sac like pouches found in the wall of colon that can become inflamed. Signs and symptoms are similar to that of an appendicitis

A choledocholithotomy is an incision in the common bile duct for the removal of gallstones. (T/F)

True

Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis is caused by the abnormal growth of bacteria in the mouth. (T/F)

True

stomatomycosis

abnormal condition of a mouth fungus

halitosis

abornomal condition breath

The excessive swallowing of air while eating or drinking is known as _________________

aerophagia

anti-

against

An _______________is a surgical connection between two hollow or tubular structures.

anastomosis

an/o

anus

proct/o

anus and rectum

The ____________________travels upward from the cecum, to the undersurface of the liver.

ascending colon

Lee Colton suffers from ___________. This condition is an abnormal accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity.

ascites

sub-

below

______________ and the enzyme called salivary ___________(breaks down glucose)

bicarbonate, amylase

The liver secretes ____________________, which is stored in the gallbladder for later use.

bile

Jaundice can be caused by an excess of the pigment _________________.

bilirubin

cyst/o

bladder

halit/o

breath

The involuntary grinding of clenching of teeth is called ___________________.

bruxism

connects the small and large intestine

cecum

________________ is characterized by a severe reaction to foods containing gluten.

celiac disease

col/o

colon

dys-

difficult

-pepsia

digestion

Kiara Fuller was diagnosed as having an inflammation of one or more diverticula. The medical term for this condition is _________________.

diverticulitis

first portion of the small intestine

duodenum

The medical term meaning difficulty in swallowing is ____________________.

dysphagia

Abnormal enlargement of the intestines is known as ____________________

enetromegaly.

The medical term meaning inflammation of the small intestine is ________________.

enteritis

Pain in the esophagus is known as ___________

esophagalgia.

The stomach is located between the ____________ and _____________ sphincters.

esophageal, pyloric

esophag/o

esophagus

chole/o

gall

cholecyst/o

gallbladder

The ______________ and __________________ secrete liquids into the duodenum.

gallbladder, pancreas

The term __________ always refers to the stomach.

gastric

Inflammation or the stomach, small intestine, and colon is known as _________________

gastroenterocolitis.

Ellen Walker saw her dentist because she was concerned about bad breath. Her dentist refers to this condition as ____________

halitosis

The medical term meaning vomiting blood is ___________________.

hematemesis

The _________________ test detects hidden blood in the stool.

hemoccult

The surgical removal of all or part of the liver is known as ______________.

heoatectomy

-occult

hidden

hemoccult

hidden blood

The ________________ is the last and longest portion of the small intestine.

ileum

ile/o

ileum

intestine/o

intestine

A yellow discoloration of the skin caused by greater-than-normal amounts of bilirubin in the blood is called __________________________

jaundice

middle portion of the small intestine

jejunum

bi/o

life

A _________________ canal and ________________ tract are the 2 terms used to describe the organs

limentary, gastrointestinal

hepat/o

liver

The pH level is ___________ in the stomach than the small intestines

lower

mandibul/o

mandible

Teeth attach to which 2 facial bones: _________and _____________ .

maxilla, mandible

After the repeated passage of black, tarry, and foul stools, Ariel Murry was diagnosed as having _________________. This condition is caused by the presence of digested blood in the stools.

melena

stomat/o

mouth

The mouth is also called the __________ cavity.

oral

What part of the pharynx triggers the swallowing reflex action: ________________

oropharynx

The bone and soft tissues that surround and support the teeth are known as the ___________________.

periodontium

The rhythmic muscular contraction of the esophagus involved in swallowing are called:

peristalsis

antiemetic

pertaining to against vomiting

probiotic

pertaining to before/supporting life

anorectal

pertaining to the anus and rectum

Gastrointestinal

pertaining to the stomach and intestines

Digestion occurs through _________and ____________ processes.

physical and chemical

-lithiasis

presence of stones

The __________________ is the ring-like muscle that controls the flow from the stomach to the small intestine.

pyloric sphincter

rect/o

rectum

widest division of the large intestine:

rectum

The return of swallowed food to the mouth is known as______________

regurgitation

Inflammation of the sigmoid colon is known as ________________

sigmoditis.

S-shaped structure of the large intestine

sigmoid colon

sigmoid/o

sigmoid colon

enter/o

small intestine

gastr/o

stomach

pro-

supporting

ileostomy

surgical creating an opening into the ileum

-ostomy

surgically created opening

-phagia

swallowing

dia-

through

lingu/o

tongue

esphagogastroduodenoscopy

visual inspection of the esophagus, stomach and duoenum

emet/o

vomit

-emesis

vomiting