Med Term Final NEW

The urine test that reflects the amount of wastes, minerals, and solids in the urine is called:

Specific gravity

Intraocular pressure is measured by means of a(n):

Tonometry

Masses of lymph tissue in the back of the oropharynx are the:

Tonsils

Which abbreviation means a patient gets all nutrition intravenously?

Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN)

TPN is the abbreviation for:

Total parenteral nutrition

The windpipe is also called the:

Trachea

Creation of an opening into the trachea and insertion of a tube to create an airway is a:

Tracheostomy

The procedure that creates a permanent artificial opening in the trachea is a:

Tracheostomy

TAVR stands for:

Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement

TENS

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation

During an ultrasound imaging study, the patient lies on a table while the sonographer puts the __________ on or near the skin.

Transducer

TIA

Transient ischemic attack

The ring of muscle that controls movement of food from the stomach to the small intestine is the:

Pyloric sphincter

Which term describes a narrowing of the opening of the stomach to the duodenum?

Pyloric stenosis

The central cavity of the labyrinth connecting the cochlea and semicircular canals is the:

Vestibule

____ are tiny projections in the walls of the small intestine that absorb nutrients.

Villi

Which test measures the amount of AIDS virus (HIV) in the bloodstream?

Viral load test

Ventilatory support used to keep the airway open in case of obstructive sleep apnea is abbreviated:

CPAP (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure)

Sixteen-year-old David visits a dermatologist. The doctor sees a variety of lesions on the face, shoulders, and upper back. The predominant lesions are papules and pustules; several cysts are also visible. David reports that the skin lesions have developed recently and that over-the-counter topical medications have not worked. The physician diagnoses David with:

Acne vulgaris

The suffix in the term carcinogenesis is _______, which means _________.

-genesis, condition of producing or forming

In the term electroencephalogram, the suffix is ______, which means ________.

-gram, record

Which suffix means process of recording?

-graphy

All of the following suffixes mean pertaining to except:

-ia

The suffix in the term pneumonia is _____, which means ________.

-ia, condition

The suffix in the term chronic is:

-ic

The suffix in the term morphology is _______, which means _______.

-logy, study of

This suffix means breakdown, destruction, separation:

-lysis

The suffix in the term acromegaly is _____, which means _________.

-megaly, enlargement

The suffix in the term mucoid is:

-oid

In the term autopsy, the suffix ____ means _______.

-opsy, process of viewing, view of

In the word nephrosis, the suffix is _____, which means _____.

-osis, condition

A suffix that means disease is:

-pathy

The suffix in the term cardiomyopathy is:

-pathy

Which suffix means disease condition?

-pathy

Which suffix added to acr/o creates a word that means a fear of heights?

-phobia

The suffix in the term acrophobia is _____, which means _______.

-phobia, fear

The suffix in the term laryngoscopy is _____, which means ________.

-scopy, process of visual examination

The suffix in the term metastasis is:

-stasis

The suffix in the term hemostasis is _____, which means _________.

-stasis, stopping or controlling

The suffix that means cutting into or incision is:

-tomy

The suffix meaning condition of urine is:

-uria

Radiosurgery is a choice of treatment in which one of the following disorders?

Acoustic neuroma

A retroviral disease caused by infection with HIV, its manifestation is associated with suppression of the immune system and is called ________________, which is abbreviated ____.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, AIDS

The suffix -cytosis means:

Abnormal condition of cells

Premature separation of the implanted placenta is called:

Abruptio placentae

The premature separation of the implanted placenta is called:

Abruptio placentae

The skin functions to do all of the following except:

Absorb oxygen for respiration

When the ciliary body changes the size and shape of the lens by contracting or relaxing, this refractory adjustment is known as:

Accommodation

What is the term for a failure of the lower esophageal sphincter to relax?

Achalasia

Enlargement of facial, jaw, and extremity bones during adulthood as a result of excess growth hormone is called:

Acromegaly

The lymphatic system functions to all of the following:

Act as a drainage system to transport proteins and leaked fluids back to the bloodstream Absorb lipids from the small intestine and transport them to the bloodstream Defend the body against foreign organisms such as bacteria and viruses

ALL is the abbreviation for:

Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia

ACS is the abbreviation for:

Acute coronary syndrome

Formation of antibodies and lymphocytes after exposure to an antigen is:

Adaptive immunity

AD

Alzheimer disease

The condition meaning a partial loss of vision is called:

Amblyopia

The absence of menses (menstrual flow) is called:

Amenorrhea

Surgical puncture of the amniotic sac to withdraw amniotic fluid for analysis is:

Amniocentesis

ALS

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Which test measures the number of helper T cells in the bloodstream of patients with AIDS?

CD4 lymphocyte count

HIV binds to ___________ and infects and kills T cells bearing this protein.

CD4+ cells

Which test measures the number of helper T cells in the bloodstream of patients with AIDS?

CD4+ lymphocyte count

The removal of the fetus by abdominal incision into the uterus is called:

Cesarean section

A small, hard, cystic mass on the eyelid is a _________.

Chalazion

The first stage of syphilis, a sexually transmitted disease, is accompanied by the appearance of a red, bloodless, painless ulcer called a:

Chancre

Necropsy is a(n):

Examination of a body after death

Hemochromatosis is characterized by:

Excess iron deposits throughout the body

The major function of the urinary system is to:

Excrete nitrogenous waste

Which of the following is not a function of the digestive system?

Excretion of nitrogenous waste products

Mrs. Lei had a repeat Pap smear. A Pap smear is an example of a clinical procedure called:

Exfoliative cytology

Carbon dioxide is:

Exhaled through the lungs

The prostate and bulbourethral glands are both this type of gland, which refers to their function of releasing their secretions through ducts to the outside:

Exocrine

Lengthening or straightening a limb is called:

Extension

Straightening a limb is called:

Extension

Staging of tumors is a system of evaluating the:

Extent of spread of tumors

The scrotum is a(n):

External sac that encloses the testes

The combining form ophthalm/o means:

Eye

Achalasia is:

Failure of the lower esophageal sphincter muscle to relax

Fertilization of the ovum most often occurs in the:

Fallopian tube

FBS is the abbreviation for:

Fasting blood sugar

The combining form adip/o means:

Fat

Yellow marrow is composed chiefly of:

Fat

The combining form ather/o means:

Fatty substance

Recording the fetal heart rate during labor is part of:

Fetal monitoring

A human organism, from about 8 weeks to birth, is called a(n):

Fetus

Rapid, random, inefficient contraction of the atria or ventricles is called:

Fibrillation

The protein converted to fibrin in the clotting process is:

Fibrinogen

Ms. Golitz presented to her gynecologist with lumps in her breasts. Further interview revealed that the lumps were sometimes associated with premenstrual tenderness and fullness. Ms. Golitz's probable diagnosis of her breast condition is the common benign condition known as:

Fibrocystic disease

On the image below, which part of the lower leg and foot is indicated by label B?

Fibula

The ________ is the smaller of the two lower leg bones.

Fibula

The collection of interstitial fluid within the spaces between cells due to obstruction of lymph vessels and nodes is:

Lymphedema

This type of cell produces antibodies:

Lymphocyte

Cramplike pain in the calf muscles caused by exercise and relieved by rest is called:

Intermittent claudication

With this procedure, new tissue from another location is used to cushion the damaged surface of an elbow joint.

Interposition arthroplasty

This fluid becomes lymph when it enters lymph capillaries.

Interstitial

The cells that form the connective and supportive tissue of the testes and secrete testosterone are the:

Interstitial (Leydig) cells

Fluid in the spaces between the cells is:

Interstitial fluid

An acute reaction to certain drugs that leads to poor renal function, fever, and rash accompanied by eosinophils in the urine is called:

Interstitial nephritis

Inflammation of the connective tissue that lies between the renal tubules is called:

Interstitial nephritis

Performance of invasive procedures (therapeutic or diagnostic) by a radiologist with the aid of computed tomography or fluoroscopy is called:

Interventional Radiology

Enteritis is inflammation of the:

Intestine

IVP is the abbreviation for:

Intravenous Pyelogram

Mr. Kennedy is diagnosed with pernicious anemia. In pernicious anemia, RBC production is decreased due to lack of a protein called:

Intrinsic factor

What is the medical term for turning a body part inward?

Inversion

The suffix -spasm means:

Involuntary contraction of muscle

Parkinson disease

Involves loss of neurons in the midbrain and inadequate production of the neurotransmitter dopamine. Its main symptom is tremors.

Which contrast medium is usually injected into a vein or body part or space to assist in x-ray visualization of that body part, organ, or space?

Iodine Compound

The colored portion of the eye is the:

Iris

The combining form ir/o means:

Iris

Tourette syndrome

Is associated with an excess of or a hypersensitivity to dopamine. Its symptoms include facial tics, involuntary twitching, involuntary arm and shoulder movements, involuntary vocal sounds, and inappropriate words.

Huntington disease HD

Is caused by deficiency of specific neurotransmitters in the midbrain. It is characterized by involuntary, dancelike movements. Also know as Huntington Chorea. A genetic disease.

A pathologic fracture:

Is caused by disease of the bone

Cerebral palsy

Is partial paralysis and lack of muscular coordination caused by loss of oxygen or blood flow to the cerebrum during pregnancy or in the perinatal period.

Spina bifida cystica

Is the more severe form of occulta or bifida, with cystlike protrusions.

Deficient blood supply to the myocardium is:

Ischemia

________ means decreased blood flow.

Ischemia

____________ is a deficiency of blood supply in a part of the body.

Ischemia

The posterior part of the pelvis is the:

Ischium

A radio________ is the unstable form of an element that emits radiation.

Isotope or Nuclide

Icterus is another term for:

Jaundice

A(n) ___, the abbreviation for ____________, is an x-ray series that demonstrates the size and location of the kidneys.

KUB; kidneys, ureters, bladder

___________ sarcoma is a malignant condition associated with AIDS that arises from the lining of capillaries; it appears as dark purplish skin lesions.

Kaposi

KS is the abbreviation for:

Kaposi Sarcoma

Heart valves are necessarily designed to:

Keep the blood flowing in one direction

Postoperatively, Sheri developed a thickened hypertrophied incisional scar. This type of scar is called a:

Keloid

The hard protein material found in the epidermis, hair, and nails is:

Keratin

_________ is an indication that the body is burning fat for energy.

Ketonuria

Ganglia

Knots or knotlike masses of nervous tissue

The use of an eximer laser to sculpt the cornea is called:

LASIK

Use of an excimer laser to correct errors of refraction is:

LASIK

Tests such as the measurement of ALT, AST, and serum bilirubin are known collectively as:

LFTs

The mazelike series of canals of the inner ear is the:

Labyrinth

During an office visit to her physician, Mrs. Thompson, 35 years of age, presents with pallor, tachycardia, and complaints of dizziness and fatigue. Blood tests show that her erythrocytes are hypochromic and microcytic and that her hemoglobin and hematocrit are significantly decreased. Hypochromic means that her RBCs:

Lack color

The combining form for tears is:

Lacrim/o

On the image below, which facial bone is indicated by label B?

Lacrimal bone

Tubes that carry milk within the breast are called:

Lactiferous ducts

The surgical procedure often performed to relieve pressure on the nerve roots in the lower spine caused by herniated disk or other conditions is a:

Laminectomy

The medical term for the endoscopic visual examination of the abdomen is:

Laparoscopy

What is the medical term for the visual examination of the abdominal cavity using a special lighted instrument?

Laparoscopy

Identify label 2 for anatomy of the digestive system.

Large intestine

The term that means pertaining to the larynx is:

Laryngeal

The voice box is also known as the:

Larynx

This procedure uses a precisely focused light beam (laser) to seal leaky blood vessels.

Laser photocoagulation

In what view does the x-ray beam pass from one side of the body to the opposite side?

Lateral view

Strata means:

Layers

Benign tumors in the uterus are called:

Leiomyomas

The transparent, biconvex body behind the pupil that bends and focuses light rays is the:

Lens

_____________ is a general term meaning disease of bone marrow with malignant WBCs filling the marrow and bloodstream.

Leukemia

White blood cells are also called:

Leukocytes

Harold, 55 years of age, has smoked since he was 17. He presents to his physician with white, thickened patches on the mucous membranes of the tongue and cheek. The physician encourages Harold to quit smoking and suggests following a more rigorous oral hygiene regimen. The likely diagnosis of Harold's skin neoplasm is:

Leukoplakia

A yellowish, pus-filled discharge from the vagina is called:

Leukorrhea

Which medical term means tying off or binding?

Ligation

Sinuses function to:

Lighten the skull and moisten passing air

A combining form for stone is:

Lith/o

Which medical term that means the process of crushing stones?

Lithotripsy

The suffix -ole means:

Little or small

A patient who has hepatitis has a disorder of his/her:

Liver

Hepatitis is inflammation of the:

Liver

The combining form hepat/o means:

Liver

Which of the following is not a lymphoid organ of the immune system?

Liver

Removal of liver tissue for the purpose of analysis under a microscope is (a):

Liver biopsy

The abbreviation LFTs stands for:

Liver function tests

The combining form lumb/o means:

Lower back

LP

Lumbar puncture

Pulmonary means pertaining to the:

Lung

What is the removal of lung tissue for the purpose of microscopic examination?

Lung biopsy

What is the half-moon-shaped white area at the base of the nail called?

Lunula

LH is the abbreviation for:

Luteinizing hormone

The pituitary hormone that promotes ovulation is:

Luteinizing hormone

The disorder caused by a bacterium carried by a tick is called:

Lyme disease

Fluid transported by the lymphatic vessels is called:

Lymph

The combining form lymph/o means:

Lymph

________oma is a malignant tumor of lymph nodes and lymphatic tissue.

Lymph (Lymphoma)

The tiniest lymphatic vessels are the:

Lymph capillaries

Clusters of small oval-shaped tissue along the path of lymph vessels are:

Lymph nodes

Stationary lymph tissues along lymph vessels are called:

Lymph nodes

A condition of localized fluid retention and tissue swelling caused by a compromised lymphatic system is:

Lymphedema

Inflammation of the lining of the renal pelvis and renal parenchyma is called:

Pyelonephritis

The C in "ABCDE" stands for:

Color

A person with Type O blood is a(n):

Universal donor

The combining form idi/o means:

Unknown

The medical term for dizziness is:

Vertigo

Another term for blister is:

Vesicle

A stool ______ is a colon cancer screening test that detects occult blood in the stool.

guaiac

The combining form trich/o means:

hair

The suffix in the term peritoneal is _____, which means ________.

-al, pertaining to

The suffix in the term cystocele is _____, which means ________.

-cele, hernia

The suffix in the term amniocentesis is:

-centesis

The suffix in the term laryngeal is:

-eal

The suffix -osis means:

Abnormal condition

Emphysema primarily affects which lung structure?

Alveoli

What is the medical term for chronic dilation of the bronchi?

Bronchiectasis

The smallest subdivision of the bronchial tree is the:

Bronchiole

What is the name of the exocrine gland near the male urethra?

Bulbourethral gland

Large vesicles are called:

Bullae

The medical term that means inflammation of the bursa is:

Bursitis

Turning a body part outward is called:

Eversion

The E in ABCDE stands for:

Evolution

A prefix that means out or away from is:

Ex-

________ twins are produced from a single fertilized ovum.

Identical

If the cause of an illness or its treatment is unknown or not understood, it is called:

Idiopathic

The loss of peristalsis that results in an obstruction of the intestines is:

Ileus

The term that refers to a part of the hip bone is:

Ilium

The upper part of the pelvic bone is the:

Ilium

AML is a condition characterized by a marked increase in the number of:

Immature granulocytes

In acute leukemia, there is an increased number of:

Immature leukocytes

The ability of the body to resist foreign microorganisms, such as bacteria, parasites, and viruses, is known as:

Immunity

______electrophoresis is a test that detects and differentiates abnormal levels of specific antibodies.

Immuno (Immunoelectrophoresis)

The laboratory test used to detect and differentiate abnormal levels of specific antibodies is:

Immunoelectrophoresis

IgM is the abbreviation for:

Immunoglobulin M

Antibodies that bind to and sometimes destroy antigens are:

Immunoglobulins

IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, and IgM are collectively known as:

Immunoglobulins

The use of immune cells, antibodies, or vaccines to treat disease is called:

Immunotherapy

_____________ is a bacterial inflammatory skin disease characterized by vesicles, pustules, and crusted lesions.

Impetigo

IVF stands for:

In vitro fertilization

The suffix -tomy means:

Incision

The term that means the process of cutting into is:

Incision

Phlebotomy is a(n):

Incision of a vein

Lymphadenitis is defined as:

Inflammation of the lymph glands

Which abbreviation indicates a general condition of the intestines?

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)

IBD is the abbreviation for:

Inflammatory bowel disease

The term that means pertaining to the groin is:

Inguinal

Mr. Schmitt's doctor discovered a small loop of bowel protruding through a weak muscle in his patient's lower abdomen. Mr. Schmitt was diagnosed with a(n):

Inguinal hernia

A collection of stationary lymph tissue in the groin region is known as the:

Inguinal nodes

The collection of stationary lymph tissue in the groin region comprises:

Inguinal nodes

The amnion is the:

Innermost membranous sac surrounding the developing fetus

Diabetes insipidus results from:

Insufficient secretion of antidiuretic hormone from the pituitary gland

This substance decreases blood sugar.

Insulin

The treatment for acute attacks of angina is:

Nitroglycerin

Examples of this type of disorder include follicular lymphoma and large cell lymphoma.

Non-Hodgkin disease

A group of malignant tumors involving lymphoid tissue is:

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma

The cause of essential hypertension is:

Not readily apparent or known

Mr. Garcia developed a paralytic ileus (absence of intestinal peristalsis) after a colon resection. After surgery, the physician's order read "NPO," which means that he was:

Not to take food or fluid by mouth

Repetitive rhythmic movements of one or both eyes is called __________.

Nystagmus

The vascular organ that serves as a bridge between maternal and fetal bloodstreams is the:

Placenta

Inflammation of the bone and bone marrow is called:

Osteomyelitis

Incision into bone is called:

Osteotomy

Inflammation of the middle ear is:

Otitis media

The membrane between the middle and inner ears is the:

Oval window

The sonogram showed that Ms. Yarrow had collections of fluid within a sac in her left ovary, or:

Ovarian cysts

After a recent river-raft outing, Mary experienced severe itching on her back and noticed redness and swelling around a lesion in the area. Her back was also sunburned. At first Mary thought the lesion was a bug bite and treated it with topical application of calamine and aloe lotion for the burn. When the itching and redness of the lesion did not subside, she went to see her physician. On examination, the physician noticed a raised reddish lesion with irregular borders and found other moles on Mary's legs, arms, and back. He referred Mary to a dermatologist who performed a biopsy that confirmed suspicion of a malignant melanoma. In Mary's case, as in many cases, melanomas often arise in:

Overexposing her skin to the sun

Which abnormality is characteristic of multiple myeloma?

Overproduction of immunoglobulins

Rupture of the ovarian follicle with subsequent release of the ovum from the ovary is called:

Ovulation

All of the following are functions of the cilia except:

Oxygenating

Which hormone stimulates uterine contractions during labor?

Oxytocin

Two viral load tests that measure the amount of AIDS virus in the bloodstream are _____ and _______.

PCR; NASBA

This device may be used to treat recurrent episodes of acute otitis media.

PE tube

The abbreviation for percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube is:

PEG tube

A spirometer is used for these respiratory tests.

PFT

The abbreviation for phenylketonuria is:

PKU

The abbreviation for parathyroid hormone is:

PTH

John s doctor recommended that he try light therapy for his psoriasis. What is this treatment called?

PUVA

John's doctor recommended that he try light therapy for his psoriasis. What is this treatment called?

PUVA

Mr. Smithson is diagnosed with a complete (third-degree) AV heart block. To restore normal rhythm, the cardiothoracic surgeon schedules Mr. Smithson for insertion of a:

Pacemaker

This condition is characterized by recurrent episodes of elevated bone resorption, followed by attempts at repair, resulting in deformed and weakened bones of excessive mass.

Paget disease (osteitis deformans)

The suffix -algia means:

Pain

-algia

Pain Ex: myalgia, diffuse muscle pain, usually accompanied by malaise

Uncomfortable sensations in the chest related to cardiac arrhythmias are:

Palpitations

This gland behind the stomach secretes hormones from islet cells.

Pancreas

The Whipple procedure is another name for a:

Pancreatoduodenectomy

____________ refers to the deficient production of all cellular elements of the blood.

Pancytopenia

Ms. Ferrario was once diagnosed with cervical dysplasia, so her doctor recommends that she get a ____________ every year to test for abnormal cervical cells.

Pap smear

The small, raised areas on top of the tongue containing taste buds are:

Papillae

Forming small finger-like or nipple-like projections of cells is called

Papillary

Quadriplegia

Paralysis of the arms, legs, and trunk of the body below the level of an associated injury to the spinal cord

Air-containing cavity in the bones near the nose is the:

Paranasal sinus

This hormone increases blood calcium.

Parathormone

In the emergency room, Mr. Bastian was diagnosed with tetany due to hypoparathyroidism. Lab tests revealed hypocalcemia. Hypoparathyroidism is caused by deficient production of:

Parathyroid hormone

The soft tissue surrounding the nail border is called:

Paronychium

PTT stands for:

Partial Thromboplastin Time

The medical term for kneecap is:

Patella

A congenital heart disease in which the blood flows from the aorta into the pulmonary artery through a small opening is called:

Patent ductus arteriosus

The study of disease is called:

Pathology

Ms. Carville presented with vaginal discharge, pain in the LLQ and RLQ, and cervical tenderness. She was febrile. Her history revealed repeat episodes of chlamydial infections and one ectopic pregnancy. She was diagnosed with:

Pelvic inflammatory disease

PID is the abbreviation for:

Pelvic inflammatory disease

For this diagnostic procedure, the physician records images of sounds waves to detect uterine tumors and other pelvic masses:

Pelvic sonography

The diagnostic imaging procedure that uses sound waves to make images as the waves bounce off organs in the pelvic region is:

Pelvic ultrasonography

PUD is the abbreviation for:

Peptic ulcer disease

Tapping the body with the fingertips to determine the size, borders, and density of an internal organ is called:

Percussion

PCI is the abbreviation for:

Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

In ________, a radiopharmaceutical is given intravenously to obtain a lung scan.

Perfusion Studies

The medical term for the membrane surrounding the heart is:

Pericardium

The saclike membrane surrounding the heart is the:

Pericardium

The area between the anus and the vagina is the:

Perineum

Blockage of arteries carrying blood to the legs, arms, kidneys, and other organs is:

Peripheral arterial disease

PNS

Peripheral nervous system

The suffix -ac means:

Pertaining to

Vagal

Pertaining to the vagus nerve

________ is a highly contagious upper respiratory infection characterized by sudden coughing and a whooping inhalation.

Pertussis

Small, pinpoint hemorrhages are called:

Petechiae

A common surgery for cataract removal that uses ultrasonic vibrations to break up the lens is:

Phacoemulsification

On the image below, which part of the lower leg and foot is indicated by label D?

Phalanges

The laryngopharynx is a subdivision of the:

Pharynx

Stricture (narrowing) of the opening of the foreskin over the glans penis is called:

Phimosis

This disorder is characterized by a tightening of the prepuce over the glans penis.

Phimosis

What does PRK stand for?

Photorefractive keratectomy

A nevus is a(n):

Pigmented skin lesion

The gland at the base of the brain is the:

Pituitary

The powerful gland that secretes a variety of different hormones and regulates activities of the endocrine glands is the:

Pituitary gland

The medical term for afterbirth is:

Placenta

The liquid portion of blood is called:

Plasma

Which hormone promotes breast tissue growth and milk secretion?

Prolactin

The primary function of platelets is to:

Promote blood clotting

Turning the palm of the hand backward (down) is called:

Pronation

The medical term for lying face down is:

Prone

A purulent abscess is a(n):

Pustule

The combining form for renal pelvis is:

Pyel/o

A ________lithotomy is the incision of the renal pelvis to remove a stone.

Pyelo

The combining form follicul/o means:

Small glandular sacs

Identify label 1 for anatomy of the digestive system.

Small intestine

The combining form son/o means:

Sound

The suffix -ist means:

Specialist

Sp gr is the abbreviation for:

Specific gravity

The medical term for lying on the back is:

Supine

Glycogen is converted back into glucose by the hormone gluc_______.

agon (Glucagon)

MAOI

antidepresssant

insulin

antidiabetic

The anterior portion of the roof of the mouth is the _____ palate.

hard

A medical term for visual examination of the interior of the abdomen is:

laparoscopy

Cardiomyo_____ is disease of the heart muscle.

pathy

digoxiin primarly acts by

slowing the heart rate and helping the heart pump forcefully

Surgical formation of a new opening from the large intestine is a colo_____.

stomy

An in_______ test is one in which something is measured or preformed in a laboratory, often in a test tube.

-Vitro

The surgical joining of vessel grafts to existing coronary arteries to maintain blood supply to the myocardium is:

(CABG) Coronary Artery Bypass Graft

The technique of using a heart-lung machine to divert blood from the heart and lungs during heart surgery is:

(ECMO) Extracorporeal Circulation or Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation

All of the following measures help establish a diagnosis of CAD except:

(PCI) Percutaneous coronary intervention

This nuclear scanning technique can detect ischemia and myocardial function:

(PET) Positron Emission Tomography

Catheter delivery of a high-frequency current to damage a small part of the heart muscle to reverse an abnormal heart rhythm is:

(RFA) Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation

An echocardio______ is the record of the structure and motion of the heart produced by using sound.

-Gram

Radio______ means obstructing the passage of x-rays.

-Paque

A person with Type A blood will have type __ red cell antigens.

A

Which blood type contains only anti-B antibodies?

A

-plegia

A (specified) paralysis Ex: ophthalmoplegia, an abnormal condition characterized by paralysis of the motor nerves of the eye

Mr. Skarda was started on interferon to stimulate his immune system. Interferon, which is produced by normal cells, uses the body's own defense mechanism to fight tumor cells. Therefore, it is called:

A biologic response modifier

A clinical procedure that aids in the diagnosis of blood disorders like anemia and leukemia is:

A bone marrow biopsy

Medulla oblongata

A bulbous continuation of the spinal cord just above the foramen magnum and separated from the pons by a horizontal groove The medulla oblongata contains the cardiac, vasomotor, and respiratory centers of the brain.

Decreased and blurred vision caused by clouding of the lens indicates the presence of:

A cataract

The physician orders a ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan, which reveals abnormalities consistent with a pulmonary embolism. You know a pulmonary embolism means:

A clot forms in a distant vein and travels to the lungs

Duplex ultrasound is:

A combination of Doppler and conventional ultrasound

Positron emission tomography scan

A computerized radiographic technique in which radioactive substances are used to examine the metabolic activity of various body structures

Spina bifida

A congenital defect in the spinal column due to imperfect union of vertebral parts. Spina bifida, a neural tube defect Spina bifida occulta is the milder form of this condition; there is incomplete closure of the spinal cavity but no protrusion of the cavity's contents through the opening. Spina bifida cystica is the more severe form, with cystlike protrusions. The suffix -praxia means action. A congenital neural tube defect in which there is a developmental anomaly in the posterior vertebral arch

Myelomeningocele

A developmental defect of the central nervous system in which a hernial sac containing a portion of the spinal cord, its meninges, and cerebrospinal fluid protrudes through a congenital cleft in the vertebral column

Lumbar puncture

A diagnostic or therapeutic procedure in which a hollow needle and stylet are introduced into the subarachnoid space of the lumbar part of the spinal canal to obtain cerebrospinal fluid

Bellpalsy

A disorder of the facial nerve that results in unilateral facial paralysis. is paralysis on one side (unilateral) of the face, often caused by a viral infection

Cystic fibrosis is:

A disorder that affects the mucous membranes of the respiratory system as well as the pancreas and the sweat glands

Epilepsy

A group of neurological disorders characterized by recurrent episodes of convulsive seizures, sensory disturbances, abnormal behavior, loss of consciousness, or all of these

Abnormal protrusion of an intervertebral disk into the spinal canal is:

A herniated disk

Alzheimer disease AD

A kind of dementia, characterized by gradual decline of mental ability. Can be inherited but there is no gene that cause it. A progressive neurologic disorder marked by gradual decline in mental capacity that can begin in middle age but is more frequently seen in the older person A condition characterized by progressive mental deterioration, often with confusion, memory failure, disorientation, restlessness, agnosia, speech disturbances, inability to carry out purposeful movement, and hallucinosis

Spinal cord

A long, nearly cylindrical structure lodged in the vertebral canal and extending from the foramen magnum at the base of the skull to the upper part of the lumbar region The spinal cord conducts motor and sensory impulses to and from the brain and controls many reflexes.

A barium enema is used with:

A lower gastrointestinal series

Glioblastoma

A malignant, invasive, rapidly growing tumor of the cerebrum or spinal cord

Dyskinesia

A medical term for abnormal, involuntary, spasmodic movements Abnormal (dys-) involuntary, spasmodic movements (-kinesia) is dyskinesia.

Hydrocephalus

A pathological condition characterized by an abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid, usually under increased pressure, within the cranial vault, and resulting in dilation of the ventricles

Aura

A peculiar symptom or sensation occurring before the onset of a migraine or epileptic seizure is an aura.

Hypothalamus

A portion of the diencephalon of the brain, forming the floor and part of the lateral wall of the third ventricle, located below the thalamus just above the brainstem The hypothalamus activates, controls, and integrates the peripheral autonomic nervous system, endocrine processes, and many somatic functions.

Glioblastoma multiforme

A primary brain tumor of neuroglial cells is called a glioma (gli/o = glial cells + -oma = tumor). A highly malignant type of glioma is the glioblastoma multiforme. It is composed, in part, of immature neuroglia (-blast = immature).

Multiple sclerosis MS

A progressive disease characterized by disseminated demyelination of nerve fibers of the brain and spinal cord

Pons

A prominence on the ventral surface of the brainstem between the medulla oblongata and the cerebral peduncles of the midbrain The "bridge" between the medulla and the midbrain

Cerebral angiography

A radiographic procedure used to visualize the vascular system of the brain after injection of a radiopaque contrast medium

The diagnostic imaging procedure for the kidney that is enhanced by the injection of radioactive substance into the bloodstream is:

A radioisotope scan

Myelin sheath

A segmented fatty lamination composed of myelin that wraps the axons of many nerves in the body The myelin sheath is white fatty tissue that surrounds and insulates the axon of a neuron. Myelin speeds impulse conduction along axons.

Excision of tissue for examination by using a cut parallel to the surface of the skin is:

A shave biopsy

The removal and examination, usually microscopic, of skin lesions to establish diagnosis is called:

A skin biopsy

Parkinson disease

A slowly progressive degenerative neurological disorder characterized by tremor, muscle rigidity, hypokinesia, a slow shuffling gait, and difficulty in chewing, swallowing and speaking

Mr. Ling's history revealed that his father died of colon cancer. Due to Mr. Ling's age and positive family history, the physician scheduled Mr. Ling for a flexible colonoscopy. This diagnostic procedure is:

A visual examination of the entire colon

Which blood type contains no antibodies?

AB

For which of the following procedures does the patient serve as his or her own stem cell donor?

ABMT (Autologous Bone Marrow Transplantation)

The abbreviation for adrenocorticotropic hormone is:

ACTH

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ALS Lou Gehrig disease

ALS stands for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Lou Gehrig disease). This is a rare degenerative disorder of motor neurons in the spinal cord and brain stem. Symptoms include weakness of muscles in the hands, forearms, and legs and difficulty with swallowing, talking, and breathing. It is fatal. A degenerative disease characterized by loss of the motor neurons, with progressive weakness of the hands, forearms, and legs, spreading to involve most of the body and face

Which laboratory test is done to detect an antibody present in the serum of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus?

ANA

The laboratory test that detects neutropenia is:

ANC (Absolute Neutrophil Count)

Movement away from the midline of the body is:

Abduction

Moving the body part away from the body or the midline is called:

Abduction

Dys-

Abnormal (dys-) involuntary, spasmodic movements (-kinesia) is dyskinesia

The results of Mrs. Lei's Pap smear showed dysplastic cells, meaning the cells were:

Abnormal but not clearly cancerous

Mrs. Rutledge was experiencing fatigue, weakness, and anorexia. She also noted that her skin was developing a bronzed pigmentation. Testing revealed hypoglycemia, hyponatremia, increased blood levels of MSH, and subnormal levels of cortisol. Mrs. Rutledge will likely be diagnosed with:

Addison disease

Moving the body part toward the body or midline is called:

Adduction

_____itis is inflammation of a gland.

Aden

Masses of lymph tissue in the nasopharynx are called:

Adenoids

Nasopharyngeal lymph tissue is called the:

Adenoids

The pharyngeal tonsils are also called:

Adenoids

The outer section of the adrenal gland is the:

Adrenal cortex

Epinephrine and norepinephrine are secreted by the:

Adrenal medulla

The inner section of the adrenal gland is the:

Adrenal medulla

Excessive secretion of adrenal androgens is called:

Adrenal virilism

The skin functions to do:

Aid in maintaining body temperature Protect deeper tissue against pathogenic invasion Receive sensory messages from the environment

An alveolus is a(n):

Air sac

The combining form alveol/o means:

Air sac (alveolus)

An inherited deficiency or absence of pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes caused by an abnormality in melanin production is:

Albinism

The protein that maintains proper proportion and concentration of water in blood is:

Albumin

Abnormal levels of albumin in urine is called:

Albuminuria

Which hormone increases reabsorption of sodium in the blood?

Aldosterone

The combining form bas/o means:

Alkaline

Which of the following is a treatment for AIDS?

All of the above - Highly activated antiretroviral therapy - RTIs - Protease inhibitors

A substance capable of causing a specific hypersensitivity reaction in the body is a(n):

Allergen

The medical term for hay fever is:

Allergic rhinitis

________ is the absence of hair from areas where it normally grows, especially from the scalp.

Alopecia

Tonic-clonic seizures

Also known as ictal events or grand mal seizures, are characterized by a sudden loss of consciousness, falling down, and then tonic contractions (stiffening of muscles) followed by clonic contractions (twitching and jerking movements of the limbs).

Cerebrovascular accident CVA

Also known as stroke or cerebral infarction. CVA is a disruption in the normal blood supply to the brain, due either to a thrombus, embolism, or hemorrhage. An abnormal condition of the brain characterized by an embolus, thrombus, or cerebrovascular hemorrhage or vasospasm, resulting in ischemia of the brain tissues normally perfused by the damaged vessels

Myasthenia gravis

An abnormal condition characterized by chronic fatigability and muscle weakness, especially of the face and throat, as a result of a defect in the conduction of nerve impulses at the neuromuscular junction An abnormal neurologic condition in which the motor neurons fail to transmit impulses to the muscles to cause contraction. One possible reason for this failure is insufficient production of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.

Neuralgia

An abnormal condition characterized by severe stabbing pain; caused by a variety of disorders affecting the nervous system

Neurasthenia

An abnormal condition that often follows depression, characterized by nervous exhaustion and a vague functional fatigue

Aphasia

An abnormal neurological condition in which language function is disordered or absent because of an injury to certain areas of the cerebral cortex

Subdural hematoma

An accumulation of blood in the subdural space, usually caused by an injury or fall It may be acute, with rapid bleeding, or subacute, marked by accumulation of blood over a longer period

Blood-brain barrier BBB

An anatomical-physiological feature of the brain, thought to consist of walls of capillaries in the central nervous system, that prevents or slows the passage of some drugs and other chemical compounds

Ataxia

An impaired ability to coordinate movement, often characterized by a staggering gait and postural imbalance

Apraxia

An impairment in the ability to purposefully perform acts or to manipulate objects without any loss of strength, sensation, or coordination

Dyslexia

An impairment of the ability to read, as a result of a variety of pathological conditions, some of which are associated with the central nervous system

Radiculitis

An inflammation involving a spinal nerve root that results in pain and hyperesthesia

A person with enteritis has:

An inflammation of the intestines

Anthony has been complaining of an earache for about 24 hours and is febrile. His mother takes him to the pediatrician, who visually examines his outer and inner ears and finds the left tympanic membrane red. The pediatrician examined Anthony's ears with:

An otoscope

________plasia means reversion to a more primitive cell type.

Ana

An abnormal tubelike passageway near the anus is a(n):

Anal fistula

_____________ is an exaggerated, life-threatening hypersensitivity to a foreign protein or other substance.

Anaphylaxis

The combining form meaning male is:

Andr/o

The male sex hormone is:

Androgen

The administration of packed cells is a treatment for:

Anemia

Chest pain secondary to oxygen deprivation to the myocardium is:

Angina pectoris

CTPA is a combination of computed tomography scanning and:

Angiography

Injecting radiopaque dye to obtain x-ray visualization of the heart and large blood vessels is:

Angiography

Radiographic imaging of the large blood vessels after the injection of radiopaque dye is called:

Angiography

Chlamydia is treated with:

Antibiotics

Protein substances stimulated by the presence of antigens are called:

Antibodies

Proteins that destroy antigens are:

Antibodies

ADH is the abbreviation for:

Antidiuretic hormone

Substances capable of inducing an immune response are:

Antigens

A laboratory test for the presence of antibodies that coat and damage erythrocytes is a(n):

Antiglobulin test

Encephalopathy

Any abnormal condition of the structure or function of brain tissues, especially chronic, destructive, or degenerative conditions. A general term that means a disease state of the brain

Meningitis

Any infection or inflammation of the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord. This condition may be caused by a bacterial or a viral infection. Inflammation (-itis) of the meninges (mening/o) is meningitis.

The combining form aort/o means:

Aorta

A system for scoring an infant's physical condition to determine the need for immediate intervention is called:

Apgar scoring

The separation of blood into its component parts by spinning a blood sample at high speeds in a centrifuge is called:

Apheresis

Which kind of anemia is it when bone marrow fails to produce red blood cells?

Aplastic

This type of sweat gland is large and embedded in the dermal layer of the skin under the arms and near the genitals.

Apocrine

Marsha has developed a contact dermatitis on her face, neck, and arms. She has developed such reactions in the past but has been unable to identify the causative agent. She now goes to see the dermatologist for allergy testing. A patch test is done. A patch test is performed by:

Application to the skin of test substances under gauze or filter paper

________ous humor is the fluid found in the anterior chamber of the eye.

Aque (Aqueous humor)

Absence seizures, or Petit mal seizures

Are characterized by momentary changes in consciousness.

Which of the following terms contains a suffix that means small?

Arteriole

The medical term for the condition of hardening of the arteries is ___________.

Arteriosclerosis

The combining form arter/o means:

Artery

A patient who has an inflammation of the joints has:

Arthritis

The medical term that means inflammation of the joint is:

Arthritis

________ means inflammation of the joints and is composed of the combining form ____ and the suffix _____.

Arthritis, arthr/o, -itis

________plasty means surgical repair of a joint.

Arthro (Arthroplasty)

________scopy is the visualization and removal or repair of damaged joint tissue.

Arthro (Arthroscopy)

Surgical puncture to remove fluid from a joint is called:

Arthrocentesis

Which term means surgical puncture to remove fluid from a joint?

Arthrocentesis

The surgical fixation of a joint is called:

Arthrodesis

Taking radiographs after injecting the joint with opaque contrast material is called:

Arthrography

Taking radiographs of a joint after injecting the joint with opaque contrast material is called:

Arthrography

The withdrawal of fluid from a cavity or sac with an instrument using suction is called:

Aspiration

A chronic, intermittent bronchial inflammatory disorder, also known as reactive airway disease, is:

Asthma

Mrs. Farrell's symptoms paroxysmal dyspnea, wheezing, coughing-are indicators of bronchial edema and constriction and increased mucus production, otherwise known as:

Asthma

________ectasis means incomplete expansion of a lung (collapsed lung).

Atel (Atelectasis)

Formation of fatty deposits on the inner lining of the coronary arteries is:

Atherosclerosis

A person who is prone to allergies can be described as being:

Atopic

A small hole in the wall between the atria is called a(n) _____________, which is abbreviated ___.

Atrial Septal Defect, ASD

AF is the abbreviation for:

Atrial fibrillation

________ is a cardiac dysrhythmia characterized by rapid, regular contractions.

Atrial flutter

AV is the abbreviation for:

Atrioventricular

The area of specialized cardiac tissue that receives the cardiac impulse from the sinoatrial node is the:

Atrioventricular node

The combining form atri/o means:

Atrium

Flap of the ear is called the:

Auricle

Listening to sounds within the body with a stethoscope is called:

Auscultation

A condition in which a person's body makes an antibody that destroys platelets is:

Autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura

Tony, age 28, reentered the hospital for high-dose chemotherapy and a bone marrow transplant for his leukemia. Bone marrow had been harvested from Tony after his first hospitalization in which he achieved complete remission. This type of bone marrow transplant is called:

Autologous

The collection of stationary lymph tissue in the armpits is comprised of:

Axillary nodes

A lymphocyte that originates in the bone marrow and secretes antibodies is a:

B cell

Lymphocytes that transform into plasma cells and secrete antibodies are:

B cells

The abbreviation for bright red blood per rectum is:

BRBPR

These are Mr. Taylor's test results: Creatinine clearance: 7.9 mL/min (low) Serum creatinine: 12.8 mg/dL (high) BUN: 125 mg/dL (high) K (potassium): 6 mEq/L (high) Hct (hematocrit): 20% (low) Which laboratory test indicates that Mr. Taylor's kidneys are failing to excrete the waste product urea?

BUN

In preparation for his lower gastrointestinal (GI) series, Mr. Ostertag was given an enema containing _______, which is a sulfate-based contrast medium.

Barium

BE is the abbreviation for:

Barium enema

What is the name of the x-ray study that images the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum?

Barium swallow/UGI

The two small, rounded exocrine glands on either side of the vaginal opening that produce a lubricating mucus secretion are the:

Bartholin glands

Which type of skin cancer occurs most frequently?

Basal cell carcinoma

What is the deepest region of the epidermis?

Basal layer

This white blood cell contains heparin and histamine.

Basophil

Which white blood cell type has granules that stain dark purple in response to alkaline dye?

Basophil

A noncancerous condition common in men over 50 is:

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)

The abbreviation for benign prostatic hyperplasia is:

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)

Mr. Powell, age 74, presents to his urologist with symptoms of bladder obstruction: urgency, nocturia, dribbling, and inability to empty his bladder completely. Digital rectal examination reveals his prostate to be enlarged. His PSA is elevated. After further urologic testing, Mr. Powell is diagnosed with BPH, which means that Mr. Powell has a:

Benign overgrowth of the prostate gland

The prefix ultra- means:

Beyond

Cholangiography is the radiographic examination of the:

Biliary system

__________ is formed by the breakdown of hemoglobin.

Bilirubin

The ability to see one image using both eyes is called:

Binocular vision

The name for the test that measures the time required for blood to stop flowing from a tiny puncture wound is:

Bleeding time test

The medical term that describes inflammation of the eyelid is:

Blepharitis

Mrs. Milio, age 60, was diagnosed with glaucoma 12 years ago and regularly instills miotic eye drops to control her glaucoma. Glaucoma is caused by:

Blocked outflow of the aqueous humor

The test that measures the amount of urea in the blood is called:

Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)

The suffix in the term anemia means:

Blood condition

FBS abbreviates the medical term for a:

Blood test to determine the amount of glucose in the blood

When whole blood or cells are taken from a donor and infused into a patient, the procedure is called:

Blood transfusion

BBB

Blood-brain barrier

The combining form oste/o means:

Bone

Hollow regions in a bone that help to join one bone to another and serve as passageways for blood vessels and nerves are called:

Bone depressions

The combining form myel/o means:

Bone marrow

The microscopic examination of a core of bone marrow removed with a needle is a:

Bone marrow biopsy

A bone head, tuberosity, and condyle are examples of bone protuberances known as:

Bone processes

The B in ABCDE stands for:

Border

The abbreviation BM means:

Bowel movement

The abbreviation BM stands for:

Bowel movement

The __________ is the cup-shaped capsule surrounding the glomeruli.

Bowman's capsule

Implantation of radioactive seeds directly into the tumor is called:

Brachytherapy

encephal/o

Brain Ex: electroencephalogram, a graphic chart on which is traced the electrical potential produced by the brain cells, as detected by electrodes placed on the scalp

The suffix -lysis means:

Breakdown, separation

Lactation is performed by the:

Breast

The combining form stern/o means:

Breastbone

Mrs. Farrell's wheezing indicates:

Bronchial narrowing and inflammation

Mr. Milorio is 73. He presents to his physician with complaints of a persistent cough. He has smoked a pack of cigarettes a day since he was 17. After a physical examination, the physician schedules Mr. Milorio for a bronchoscopy. The findings were suspicious for an infiltrating tumor. A bronchoscopy is a visual examination of the:

Bronchial tubes

What is the abbreviation for the radiographic procedure that produces a series of cross-sectional images?

CT (Computed Tomography)

The abbreviation for calcium is:

Ca

On the image below, which part of the lower leg and foot is indicated by label G?

Calcaneus

Which of the thyroid hormones induces calcium to leave the blood and enter bones for increased bone formation?

Calcitonin

The combining form calci/o means:

Calcium

The medical term for a stone is:

Calculus

A combining form for calyx is:

Calic/o

The cup-like collecting region of the renal pelvis is the:

Calyx

The small, cup-shaped region that collects urine is called:

Calyx

Spongy, porous, trabecular bone is called:

Cancellous bone

Blood vessels that permit oxygen and nutrients to exchange with carbon dioxide and waste materials are called:

Capillaries

CIS is the abbreviation for:

Carcinoma in situ

This type of muscle is striated but its movement cannot be consciously controlled.

Cardiac

Beaming magnetic waves at the heart to produce an image and obtain information about heart and large vessel pathology is called:

Cardiac MRI

Introducing a thin, flexible tube into a vein or artery and guiding it into the heart to detect pressures and patterns of blood flow is:

Cardiac catheterization

Compression of the heart caused by collection of fluid in the pericardial cavity is:

Cardiac tamponade

CVA

Cardiovascular accident

On the image below, which part of the musculoskeletal system is indicated by label E?

Carpal bones

The medical condition caused by the median nerve being compressed by a wrist ligament as it passes between that ligament and the bones and tendons of the wrist is:

Carpal tunnel syndrome

The suffix in the term electrophoresis means:

Carrying

The surgical excision of the testicles is called:

Castration

The clouding of the lens, causing decreased vision, is called:

Cataract

The combining form eti/o means:

Cause

Destruction of abnormal tissue with chemicals or an electrically heated instrument is called:

Cauterization

What is the treatment for cervical dysplasia or cervical erosion that uses heat?

Cauterization

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disrupts:

Cell-mediated immunity (T helper cells)

CNS

Central nervous system

The term that means pertaining to the head is:

Cephalic

cerebell/o

Cerebellum Ex: cerebellopontine, leading from the cerebellum to the pons varioli

CSF

Cerebrospinal fluid

cerebr/o

Cerebrum Ex: cerebrovascular accident, an abnormal condition of the brain characterized by an embolus, thrombus, or cerebrovascular hemorrhage or vasospasm, resulting in ischemia of the brain tissues normally perfused by the damaged vessels

The medical term for earwax, the substance that lubricates the ear and prevents the entry of foreign particles:

Cerumen

Infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) is a strong risk factor for:

Cervical cancer

The collection of stationary lymph tissue in the neck region is known as the:

Cervical nodes

The lower, necklike portion of the uterus is the:

Cervix

The combining form thorac/o means:

Chest

CXR is the abbreviation for:

Chest x-ray

The combining form toc/o means:

Childbirth

Symptoms of this bacterial infection include a burning sensation during urination and discharge from the penis.

Chlamydia

A percutaneous transhepatic _________, or injection of contrast via a needle through the skin and into the liver, was preformed to assist in determining the cause of Mr. DiMarco's jaundice.

Cholangiography

Collection of skin cells and cholesterol in a sac in the middle ear is called:

Cholesteatoma

What is the term for surgical repair of cartilage?

Chondroplasty

Which of the following is a procedure that tests placental tissue for prenatal diagnosis?

Chorionic villus sampling

The middle vascular layer of the eye is the:

Choroid

CLL is the abbreviation for:

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

COPD is the abbreviation for:

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Mr. Harris, who does not drink alcohol, is stunned to hear that he has cirrhosis. The physician explains that cirrhosis is a(n):

Chronic degeneration of liver tissue that is replaced with scar tissue

CML is the abbreviation for:

Chronic myelogenous leukemia

Myringotomy to ventilate the middle ear may be necessary in cases of:

Chronic otitis media

Mr. Johnson is diagnosed with emphysema. You know that this lung disorder is strongly associated with:

Cigarette smoking

The structure that contains the muscles that control the shape of the lens is the:

Ciliary body

What is the procedure that removes the foreskin around the glans penis?

Circumcision

The combining form thromb/o means:

Clot

Serum is plasma minus the:

Clotting proteins and cells

________tion is the process of blood clotting.

Coagula (Coagulation)

The time required for venous blood to clot in a test tube is called:

Coagulation time

A congenital defect characterized by a narrowing of the aorta is called:

Coarctation of the aorta

The medical term for the tailbone is:

Coccyx

The snail-shaped tube in the inner ear is the:

Cochlea

A device that allows deaf people to understand the spoken word by converting words to electrical impulses and stimulating the auditory nerve is a(n):

Cochlear implant

This surgically implanted device enables patients with sensorineural hearing loss to understand speech.

Cochlear implant

The structural protein material found in the dermal layer of the skin is called:

Collagen

The combining form clavicul/o means:

Collarbone

The visual examination of the entire large intestine is called a:

Colonoscopy

When used with a combining form for an organ, the suffix -stomy means an opening to the outside of the body. What is the medical term for an opening from the colon to the outside of the body?

Colostomy

Visual examination of the vagina and cervix using a lighted magnifying instrument resembling mounted binoculars is called:

Colposcopy

The word part cardi/o is a:

Combining form

The word part enter/o is a:

Combining form

The word part gastr/o is a:

Combining form

The sebum plug (blackhead) characteristic of acne is called a:

Comedone

With a _________ fracture, the bone is splintered or crushed in several places.

Comminuted

Hard, dense bone tissue is:

Compact bone

Proteins in the blood that help antibodies and T cells kill their targets are called the:

Complement system

Blood screening that includes an RBC count, a WBC count with differential, a platelet count, hemoglobin and hematocrit, and red blood cell indices is called a(n) ______________, which is abbreviated ___.

Complete Blood Count, CBC

What is the diagnostic procedure in which an x-ray beam is used with a computer to provide cross-sectional images?

Computed Tomography

Which radiographic imaging procedure produces cross-sectional images of internal organs like the liver?

Computed tomography

_________, which is abbreviated ____, is a diagnostic technique that beams ionizing x-rays at multiple angles around a specific section of the body to detect disease.

Computed tomography, CT

The suffix -ema means:

Condition

The suffix -sclerosis means:

Condition of hardening

The suffix -y means:

Condition or process

This type of hearing loss results from impairment of the middle ear ossicles and membranes that transmit sound waves into the cochlea.

Conductive

Removal of a cone-shaped section of the cervix for biopsy is called:

Cone biopsy

The receptor cells responsible for color vision are the:

Cones

A disease condition in which the heart is unable to pump the necessary amount of blood to meet the body's metabolic requirements is called _____________, which is abbreviated ___.

Congestive Heart Failure, CHF

This diagnostic surgical procedure may be accomplished with a loop electrocautery excision procedure (LEEP).

Conization

A delicate membrane that lines the undersurface of the eyelids and covers the anterior eyeball is the:

Conjunctiva

Membrane lining the eyelids and covering the anterior portion of the sclera is the:

Conjunctiva

Tetany is defined as:

Constant muscle contraction

CAPD stands for:

Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis

Tube thoracostomy is the:

Continuous drainage of the pleural spaces from a chest tube placed through a small incision

This device continuously senses and records blood glucose levels.

Continuous glucose monitoring system

One meaning of the combining form kerat/o is:

Cornea

The empty graafian follicle that secretes progesterone after release of the egg cell is called the:

Corpus luteum

Choose the combining form that means joint.

Correct arthr/o

The application of brief electrical discharges across the chest to stop ventricular fibrillation is:

Defibrillation

When the taut eardrum is struck by the sound waves, it begins to vibrate, moving the ________, the first of three small bones in the middle ear called __________.

Correct malleus, ossicles

The outer region of the kidney is the:

Cortex

The test that measures the ability of the kidney to remove creatinine from the blood is called:

Creatinine clearance

An enteroenterostomy is the:

Creation of a connection between two segments of the intestine

An ileostomy is the:

Creation of an opening from the ileum to the surface of the abdomen

________ is a congenital condition associated with extreme hypothyroidism and characterized by dwarfism and mental retardation.

Cretinism

Chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract is:

Crohn disease

________ is a viral infection with obstruction of the larynx.

Croup

______surgery uses cold to treat prostate cancer.

Cryo (Cryosurgery)

Application of intensely cold liquid nitrogen to destroy tissue is called:

Cryosurgery

Which clinical procedure uses liquid nitrogen to destroy tissue?

Cryosurgery

________, or the freezing and destruction of malignant tissue, was used to treat Mr. Seiger's prostate cancer.

Cryosurgery

Sputum __________ are used to detect the pathogen infecting the lungs or breathing passages.

Cultures

Mrs. Zucker was being treated with glucocorticoids for rheumatoid arthritis. As a result, she developed symptoms caused by excess ACTH secretion, which is called:

Cushing syndrome

Articular cartilage functions to:

Cushion joints and allow them to move smoothly and efficiently

What is the band of epidermis at the base and side of the nail plate that covers the nail root called?

Cuticle

A combining form for the urinary bladder is:

Cyst/o

The combining form that means bladder is:

Cyst/o

The term for a malignant tumor of the ovary is:

Cystadenocarcinoma

The creation of an artificial opening into the bladder is called a(n) ______stomy.

Cysto

The visual examination of the urinary bladder is a procedure called:

Cystoscopy

Which is the diagnostic procedure that involves the introduction of a hollow metal tube into the urinary meatus and up into the bladder?

Cystoscopy

Interferon and interleukins are examples of:

Cytokines

______________ are chemical messengers secreted by T cells that aid cells to kill antigens.

Cytokines

T cells that directly kill foreign cells are:

Cytotoxic T cells

In diagnosing osteoporosis, physicians may recommend a specific bone density test called dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, which is abbreviated ____.

DEXA

Malignant transformation of genetic material results from damage to:

DNA

This procedure may be used if a tumor is attached to a vital organ and cannot be completely removed:

Debulking

When a blood clot forms in a large vein, usually in a lower limb, the condition is called:

Deep vein thrombosis

_____ is the removal of solid waste through the anus.

Defecation

________________is the elimination of fecal matter from the digestive system through the rectum and anus.

Defecation

Lymphocytopenia is a(n):

Deficiency of lymph cells

Mr. Casey, 81, has had osteoarthritis for several years and is entering the hospital for a right total hip replacement. Another name for osteoarthritis is:

Degenerative joint disease

Antigen-presenting cells that show T and B cells what to attack are:

Dendritic cells

______________ is a surgical procedure for removing scars associated with acne.

Dermabrasion

________logy is the study of the skin and skin diseases.

Dermato

Which layer of skin contains blood and lymph vessels, nerve fibers, hair follicles, and sebaceous and sweat glands?

Dermis

A scleral buckle is used to repair a:

Detached retina

The ELISA laboratory test is used to:

Detect the presence of HIV antibodies

Mr. Ling, age 58, saw his physician for a routine checkup. As part of the physical examination, a stool guaiac test was done to:

Determine the presence of hidden blood in the feces

In the term achondroplasia, the suffix means:

Development, formation, growth

An ICD is a:

Device implanted in the chest that can sense and correct arrhythmias

DM is the abbreviation for:

Diabetes mellitus

This condition occurs when too little insulin is secreted or insulin cannot be used properly by the body.

Diabetes mellitus

Which technique removes impurities (wastes) from the bloodstream because the kidneys are no longer able to do so?

Dialysis

The muscle separating the chest and abdomen is the:

Diaphragm

Which of the following occurs during inspiration?

Diaphragm contracts, chest cavity area increases, internal air pressure decreases

The midportion, or shaft, of a long bone is the:

Diaphysis

Mrs. Farrell comes to the emergency department exhibiting the following symptoms: paroxysmal dyspnea, wheezing, and coughing. Dyspnea means that Mrs. Farrell is experiencing:

Difficult breathing/shortness of breath

The term that means spreading evenly through the affected tissues is:

Diffuse

The suffix -pepsia means:

Digestion

DRE is the abbreviation for:

Digital rectal examination

___________ is (are) used to treat arrhythmias.

Digoxin

D&C is the abbreviation for:

Dilation and curettage

An acute bacterial infection of the upper respiratory tract that causes a leathery false membrane to form in the throat and the tonsils is:

Diphtheria

The medical term for double vision is:

Diplopia

Radiographic (x-ray) examination of a cervical or lumbar intervertebral disk after injection of a contrast material into the interior of the disk is:

Diskography

On the image below, which part of the musculoskeletal system is indicated by label A?

Distal phalanx

Focusing sound waves on a blood vessel to measure the velocity of blood flow is:

Doppler ultrasound

The chromosomal abnormality that results in mental retardation and an increased risk for certain medical conditions is:

Down syndrome

A set of x-rays of the bones in the spinal column, pelvis, and wrist to detect bone density is called a(n):

Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry

dur/o

Dura mater, hard Ex: dural sheath, an extension of the dura mater covering the optic nerve and spinal nerve roots

The term that means difficulty swallowing is:

Dysphagia

After a recent river-raft outing, Mary experienced severe itching on her back and noticed redness and swelling around a lesion in the area. Her back was also sunburned. At first Mary thought the lesion was a bug bite and treated it with topical application of calamine and aloe lotion for the burn. When the itching and redness of the lesion did not subside, she went to see her physician. On examination, the physician noticed a raised reddish lesion with irregular borders and found other moles on Mary's legs, arms, and back. He referred Mary to a dermatologist who performed a biopsy that confirmed suspicion of a malignant melanoma. In Mary's case, as in many cases, melanomas often arise in:

Dysplastic nevi on the back, lower leg, or neck

DOE is the abbreviation for:

Dyspnea On Exertion

The abbreviation for erythropoietin is:

EPO

The abbreviation for extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy is:

ESWL

The combining form ot/o means:

Ear

The medical term for a bruise is:

Ecchymosis

________graphy is the use of high-frequency sound waves to show the structure and movement of the heart muscle.

Echocardio (Echocardiography)

Using high-frequency sound waves to show the structure and movement of the heart chambers and valves is:

Echocardiography

________ is an inflammatory skin disease with erythematous papulovesicular lesions.

Eczema

Motor (efferent) nerves

Efferent nerves that convey impulses to the motor endplates or another terminal and are mainly responsible for stimulating muscles and glands

On Monday, Maria attended classes to learn the process of recording the electrical impulses of the heart, termed:

Electrocardiography

EEG

Electroencephalogram

A chemical element that carries an electrical charge when dissolved in water is a(n):

Electrolyte

This diagnostic imaging procedure can identify calcium deposits in and around coronary arteries.

Electron beam computed tomography

With which disorder do the alveolar walls lose their elasticity, become overinflated, and eventually rupture?

Emphysema

The outermost protective layer of the crown of the tooth is called:

Enamel

________ectomy is the excision of fatty deposits from the innermost lining of an artery.

Endarter (Endarterectomy)

Removal of plaques or fatty deposits from the innermost lining of an artery is called:

Endarterectomy

________lymph is the protein-rich fluid inside the membranous labyrinth.

Endo (Endolymph)

________itis is the inflammation of the inner lining of the cervix.

Endocervic (Endocervicitis)

This disease occurs most often in menopausal women.

Endometrial carcinoma

The use of an endoscope combined with ultrasound to examine the lining of the gastrointestinal tract is called:

Endoscopic ultrasonography

____opathy means disease of the intestines. The word part you chose is a _________.

Enter, word root

Receiving nutrition through the gastrointestinal tract is which type of nutrition?

Enteral

A chemical that speeds up a reaction between substances is a(n):

Enzyme

What does ELISA stand for?

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

________________, which is abbreviated _____, is a test to screen blood for antibodies to the AIDS virus.

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA

WBCs with dense reddish granules that increase in allergic reactions are:

Eosinophils

One of a pair of comma-shaped, tightly coiled tubes in which sperm cells continue to mature is called the __________.

Epididymis

The tube located on the top of each testis that carries and stores sperm cells is the:

Epididymis

________ means pertaining to above the stomach; its word root is _____.

Epigastric, gastr

A flap of tissue that closes over the larynx during swallowing to prevent material from entering the lungs is called:

Epiglottis

The combining form epiglott/o means:

Epiglottis

This hormone mimics the sympathetic nervous system.

Epinephrine

The combining form that means vulva is:

Episi/o

The inability to achieve and maintain an erection is:

Erectile dysfunction (ED)

A wearing away or loss of epidermis is a(n):

Erosion

This hemolytic disease of the newborn is caused by Rh blood incompatibility between the mother and the fetus.

Erythroblastosis fetalis

This neonatal condition is caused by a blood group incompatibility between mother and fetus.

Erythroblastosis fetalis

A red blood cell is called an:

Erythrocyte

This type of cell contains hemoglobin to carry oxygen:

Erythrocyte

Rheumatoid arthritis can be detected by a laboratory test called ______________, abbreviated ___, which is the rate at which erythrocytes settle at the bottom of a test tube.

Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)

Red blood cells are also called:

Erythrocytes

Which red blood cells are made in the bone marrow and carry oxygen from the lungs through the blood to all body cells?

Erythrocytes

The hormone secreted by the kidneys to stimulate the bone marrow to make RBCs is:

Erythropoietin

The renal hormone that stimulates red blood cell production is:

Erythropoietin

Varicose veins at the lower end of the esophagus are called:

Esophageal varices

Identify label 4 for anatomy of the digestive system.

Esophagus

What is the test for the presence of a hormone receptor on breast cancer cells?

Estrogen receptor assay

Mrs. Meyer has been diagnosed with oral leukoplakia caused by chronic smoking. Her chronic smoking is described as an:

Etiologic factor

The channel between the middle ear and nasopharynx is the:

Eustachian tube

The combining form salping/o means:

Eustachian tube

The ear structure that provides an equalization of air pressure between the middle ear and external atmospheric pressure is the:

Eustachian tube

Functions of cilia

Filtering Humidifying Warming

Finger-like projections on the outer end of the fallopian tubes that help move the ovum toward the uterus are:

Fimbriae

The combining form phalang/o means:

Finger and toe bones

Sunburn is classified as which type of burn?

First degree

Mrs. Watkins is being treated for a duodenal ulcer. Her ulcer is located in the:

First section of the small intestine

A cracklike sore is termed a(n):

Fissure

Bones that cover soft body parts are called:

Flat bones

Bending a limb is:

Flexion

Bending a part of the body is called:

Flexion

A ganglion is a:

Fluid-filled cyst that arises from the joint capsule or a tendon

FSH is the abbreviation for:

Follicle-stimulating hormone

This hormone influences the production of ova and sperm.

Follicle-stimulating hormone

The prefix tetra- means:

Four

The location of the area of sharpest vision in the eye is the:

Fovea centralis

Small, repeated doses of radiation are termed:

Fractionation

The general term for a broken bone is:

Fracture

A feeding tube placed in the stomach is a:

G tube

What is the abbreviation for the tube inserted through the abdominal wall to introduce nutrients into the stomach?

G tube

The abbreviation that refers to the structure removed in a cholecystectomy is:

GB

The abbreviation for gastroesophageal reflux disease is:

GERD

This test measures the body s ability to respond to glucose load.

GTT

GB stands for:

Gallbladder

Mrs. Zimmer had a cholecystectomy to remove her:

Gallbladder

Radiopharmaceutical drugs can be used to generate an image by mapping their distribution and rate of absorption in the body because they emit:

Gamma Rays

Death and subsequent decomposition of tissue associated with disruption of blood supply is:

Gangrene

__________ means removal of the stomach. The term is composed of the combining form ____ and the suffix _____.

Gastrectomy, gastr/o, -ectomy

Reducing the size of the stomach and diverting food to the jejunum describes a procedure called:

Gastric bypass

A malignant tumor of the stomach is called:

Gastric carcinoma

A patient with an inflammation of the stomach and intestines has:

Gastroenteritis

The study of the stomach and intestines is called:

Gastroenterology

The term that means study of the stomach and intestines is:

Gastroenterology

GERD is the abbreviation for:

Gastroesophageal reflux disease

When solids and fluids return to the mouth from the stomach, the condition is known as:

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

GI means:

Gastrointestinal

The surgical creation of a new opening between the stomach and the second part of the small intestines is termed:

Gastrojejunostomy

Another term for pregnancy is:

Gestation

Hyperfunctioning of the pituitary gland before puberty that leads to abnormal overgrowth of the body is called:

Gigantism

Balan/o means:

Glans penis

The sensitive tip of the penis is called the:

Glans penis

The combining form vitre/o means:

Glassy

Mimi s medical report records an increase in IOP, or intraocular pressure, which would indicate:

Glaucoma

The portion of plasma that contains antibodies to protect the body against antigens is:

Globulin

________ is a plasma protein that serves as a defense mechanism of the immune system.

Globulin

A combining form for glomerulus is:

Glomerul/o

The abbreviation GFR stands for:

Glomerular filtration rate

During filtration, blood pressure forces materials through ________, which act as filters.

Glomeruli

________nephritis is the inflammation of the glomeruli of the kidney.

Glomerulo

Which term means inflammation of the glomeruli within the kidney?

Glomerulonephritis

Which structure is a tiny ball of capillaries?

Glomerulus

The opening between the vocal cords is the:

Glottis

This substance increases blood sugar.

Glucagon

The medical term for simple blood sugar is:

Glucose

gli/o

Glue, glial cells Ex: glioma, any of the largest group of primary tumors of the brain, composed of malignant glial cells

Excess glucose in the bloodstream is removed by the liver and stored as:

Glycogen

The breakdown of glycogen into glucose is called:

Glycogenolysis

The term that means sugar in the urine is:

Glycosuria

Grand mal seizures

Grand mal seizures are also known as tonic-clonic seizures. They are characterized by a sudden loss of consciousness, falling down, and then involuntary muscle contractions (tonic refers to stiffening of the muscles) alternating with rigidity (clonic refers to twitching and jerking of the limbs).

Neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils are:

Granulocytes

An abnormal increase in granulocytes in the blood is called:

Granulocytosis

After testing, Mrs. Whitney was told by her physician that she had ______________, the most common form of hyperthyroidism due to excessive secretion of the thyroid hormones. One of her symptoms was protrusion of the eyeballs, or ____________.

Graves disease, exophthalmos

Which minimally invasive procedure may be used instead of TURP for the treatment of BPH?

Green-light PVP

The combining form pil/o in the term pilonidal cyst tells us this type of cyst is filled with:

Hair

A sac or tube within which each hair grows is a:

Hair follicle

The abbreviation for hematocrit is:

Hct

The combining form audi/o means:

Hearing

The suffix -cusis in the term presbycusis means:

Hearing

Audiometry is done to determine:

Hearing acuity

The combining form coron/o means:

Heart

The combining form calcane/o means:

Heel bone

T cells that aid B cells in recognizing antigens and stimulating antibody production are:

Helper T cells

________uria is smoky red urine due to the presence of blood.

Hemat

Mr. Golitz was admitted to the hospital with GI bleeding. BRBPR was noted on the medical record. Another term for BRBPR is:

Hematochezia

The percentage of erythrocytes in a volume of blood is the:

Hematocrit

A patient with an erythrocyte disorder would probably see a specialist in:

Hematology

The term that means the study of blood is:

Hematology

Loss of vision in half of the visual field that can occur with a stroke is called:

Hemianopsia

________globin is the blood protein that enables the transport of oxygen.

Hemo (Hemoglobin)

HD is the abbreviation for:

Hemodialysis

____________, abbreviated ____, is the use of an artificial kidney machine to remove waste materials from the bloodstream when the kidneys no longer function.

Hemodialysis, HD

All of the following are types of blood cells except:

Hemoglobin

The blood protein in RBCs that enables the RBCs to carry oxygen is called:

Hemoglobin

_____________ is the reduction in red blood cells due to excessive destruction.

Hemolytic anemia

_____________ is excessive bleeding caused by a congenital lack of one of the protein factors necessary for blood clotting.

Hemophilia

Which of the following is an anticoagulant substance found in blood and tissue cells?

Heparin

A patient who had her liver removed underwent a:

Hepatectomy

Inflammation of the liver caused by a virus is termed:

Hepatitis

HBV is the abbreviation for:

Hepatitis B virus

A tumor of the liver is called a(n):

Hepatoma

The term for enlargement of the liver is:

Hepatomegaly

The medical term for slipped disk is:

Herniated disk

________ genitalis, caused by HSV II and usually transmitted by sexual contact, leads to the development of fluid-filled lesions on the genitals.

Herpes (Herpes genitalis)

This sexually transmitted infection is not caused by a bacterium.

Herpes genitalis

Reddened skin with small fluid-filled blisters and ulcers is a sign of the viral STD known as:

Herpes genitalis (HSV)

_____ stomatitis is inflammation of the mouth caused by infection with the herpesvirus.

Herpetic

The combining form crypt/o means:

Hidden or concealed

The depression on the medial border of the kidney through which nerves and blood vessels pass is called the:

Hilum

The midline region where the bronchi, blood vessels, and nerves enter and exit the lungs is called the:

Hilum

The midline region where the bronchi, blood vessels, and nerves enter and exit the lungs is the:

Hilum

Cancerous tumors are divided into broad groups on the basis of the particular type of tissue from which the tumor cells arise. This is called:

Histogenesis

A malignant tumor of lymph tissue in the spleen and lymph nodes is called __________ disease, or lymphoma.

Hodgkin

A lymphoma of unknown origin characterized by progressive enlargement of lymphoid tissue and symptoms of fever, weakness, night sweats, and weight loss is:

Hodgkin disease

Diagnosis of ____________ is often made by identifying the Reed Sternberg cell in the lymph nodes.

Hodgkin disease

Which diagnostic test records extended electrical activity of the heart during both rest and activity?

Holter monitor

Infection of a sebaceous gland producing a small, superficial white nodule along the lid margin is called:

Hordeolum

The suffix -one means:

Hormone

HRT is the abbreviation for:

Hormone replacement therapy

The function of the dermis is to:

House and support a system of nerves, vessels, and glands

A urine pregnancy test detects the presence of:

Human chorionic gonadotropin

This condition is caused by a lack of protein in the lining of the neonate's lung tissue.

Hyaline membrane disease

An accumulation of fluid in the scrotum is a:

Hydrocele

Accumulation of fluid in the spaces of the brain is known as:

Hydrocephalus

______thyroidism means excessive thyroid activity and hormone secretion.

Hyper (Hyperthyroidism)

The medical term for farsightedness is:

Hyperopia

Excess cells due to an increased rate of cell division is termed:

Hyperplasia

Gigantism is caused by:

Hypersecretion of growth hormone by the pituitary before puberty

After 3 months of regular measurement, Mr. Jackson's blood pressure ranges between 170/90 and 180/100. Mr. Jackson's blood pressure is indicative of:

Hypertension

_____dermic means below the skin; the word part you chose is a ______.

Hypo, prefix

Which of the following prefixes may be added to the term dermic to create a new term that means pertaining to below the skin?

Hypo-

Which of the following is the medical term that describes low blood level of calcium.

Hypocalcemia

Which complication occurs when a patient diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus takes too much insulin?

Hypoglycemia

The congenital abnormality in which the urethral opening is on the underside of the penis instead of at the tip is called:

Hypospadias

What is the term for a congenital opening of the urethra on the underside of the penis?

Hypospadias

The secretions of the pituitary are controlled by signals transmitted from the:

Hypothalamus

Radiographic (x-ray) imaging of the uterus and fallopian tubes after injection of contrast material is called:

Hysterosalpingography

What is the name of the x-ray study that images the fallopian tubes and uterus?

Hysterosalpingography

A group of gastrointestinal symptoms associated with stress and tension is:

IBS (Irritable Bowel Syndrome)

An abnormal increase in lymphocytes is called:

Lymphocytosis

The lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus gland are collectively known as the:

Lymphoid organs

What is the abbreviation for the imaging procedure that uses magnetic waves to produce images of tissues and organs?

MRI

The abbreviation for multiple-gated acquisition scan is:

MUGA Scan

Phagocytes that clear away dead cells and debris as an infection subsides are called:

Macrophages

One of the leading causes of blindness in the elderly is:

Macular degeneration

_____________ is the progressive deterioration of the macula of the retina and the choroid layer of the eye.

Macular degeneration

A freckle is an example of a(n):

Macule

_____ is a type of MRI that produces very detailed images of blood vessels.

Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA)

Which clinical procedure uses magnetic waves to produce images of organs and tissues in all three planes of the body?

Magnetic resonance imaging

Which imaging procedure is useful for detecting mediastinal tumors, such as those seen with Hodgkin disease?

Magnetic resonance imaging

With this imaging procedure, a cylinder-shaped machine produces an image using a changing magnetic field to capture the movement of protons within the body.

Magnetic resonance imaging

___________ uses magnetic waves to produce images of organs and tissues in all three planes of the body.

Magnetic resonance imaging

____________, abbreviated ____, can help detect small renal tumors by producing images using a magnetic field and radio waves.

Magnetic resonance imaging, MRI

A visual record of the internal structures of the breast is a:

Mammogram

A ____________ can confirm exposure to tuberculosis.

Mantoux skin test

Ms. Estrada had a mammography followed by a biopsy. She was scheduled for removal of the right breast when the biopsy results showed nonmetastatic tumor of the breast. Removal of the breast is called a:

Mastectomy

What is the term for removal of breast tissue?

Mastectomy

The combining form for meatus is:

Meat/o

The central portion or area of the chest that separates the lungs is called the:

Mediastinum

The region between the lungs in the chest cavity is the:

Mediastinum

The inner region of the kidney is the:

Medulla

Hair turns gray when the body stops producing:

Melanin

Which type of cell contained in the epidermis produces a pigment that protects the skin against ultraviolet (UV) sunrays?

Melanocyte

The beginning of the first menstrual period is called:

Menarche

mening/o, meningi/o

Meninges, membranes Ex: leptomeningeal, pertaining to the arachnoid membrane and the pia mater; meningitis, any infection or inflammation of the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord

This covering allows free movement of the intestines:

Mesentery

On the image below, which part of the musculoskeletal system is indicated by label D?

Metacarpal bone

The fixed portion of a long bone between the shaft and the epiphyseal plate is the:

Metaphysis

On the image below, which part of the lower leg and foot is indicated by label E?

Metatarsals

On the image below, which part of the musculoskeletal system is indicated by label B?

Middle phalanx

Galact/o means:

Milk

Essential hormones that regulate the amounts of electrolytes, such as sodium and potassium, retained in the body are called:

Mineralocorticoids

A glaucoma treatment that improves drainage of aqueous humor and contracts the pupil of the eye is called:

Miotic

MVP is the abbreviation for:

Mitral valve prolapse

_____________, which is abbreviated ___, refers to the condition in which the valve between the left atrium and ventricle becomes enlarged and protrudes into the left atrium during systole.

Mitral valve prolapse, MVP

Ms. Watkins was diagnosed with basal cell carcinoma. The lesion was treated by excising layers of growth and examining each layer microscopically. This technique is called:

Mohs surgery

MoAb is the abbreviation for:

Monoclonal antibody

Epstein-Barr is the virus that causes:

Mononucleosis

__________ presents with symptoms of fatigue, weakness, and pharyngitis along with EBV antibodies

Mononucleosis

-paresis

Motor weakness or partial paralysis Ex: gastroparesis, failure of the stomach to empty resulting from decreased gastric motility

Identify label 3 for anatomy of the digestive system.

Mouth

The term that means resembling mucus is:

Mucoid

A malignant tumor of bone marrow cells associated with high levels of one of the immunoglobulins, usually IgG, is called:

Multiple myeloma

MS

Multiple sclerosis

Removal of muscle tissue for microscopic examination is a:

Muscle biopsy

An inherited disease marked by progressive weakness and degeneration of muscle fibers is:

Muscular dystrophy

Hemiparesis

Muscular weakness of one half of the body

MG

Myasthenia gravis

What is the name of the x-ray study that images the spinal cord?

Myelography

What is the term for bone marrow tumor?

Myeloma

Advanced atherosclerosis could likely lead to:

Myocardial infarction

The medical term for interrupted blood flow that kills myocardial tissue is called:

Myocardial infarction

The thick middle layer of the heart wall composed of muscle is the:

Myocardium

The surgical incision of the tympanum to relieve the pressure and buildup of fluid in chronic otitis media is called a(n):

Myringotomy

Advanced hypothyroidism in adulthood is called:

Myxedema

A chronic disorder of the labyrinth of the inner ear is:

Ménière s disease

The abbreviation that indicates a patient may have "nothing by mouth" is:

NPO

This drug is often prescribed to treat common symptoms of musculoskeletal disorders.

NSAID (nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs)

The abbreviation for non small cell lung cancer is:

NSCLC

The entrances to the respiratory passageway are the:

Nares

The suffix -stenosis means:

Narrowing or tightening

On the image below, which facial bone is indicated by label C?

Nasal bone

NG is the abbreviation for:

Nasogastric (tube)

Genetic ability to fight off disease is:

Natural immunity

Myopia, which interferes with visual acuity and produces a blurred or fuzzy image, is also called:

Nearsightedness

All of the following terms relate to pain except:

Necrotic

The term that means pertaining to death is:

Necrotic

_____itis is inflammation of the kidney.

Nephr

A combining form for kidney is:

Nephr/o

The surgical removal of a kidney is a:

Nephrectomy

The functional unit of the kidney is the:

Nephron

What is the name of the functional unit of the kidney?

Nephron

The abnormal condition of the kidney characterized by marked proteinuria and edema (swelling) is called:

Nephrotic syndrome

The word root neur means:

Nerve

neur/o

Nerves Ex: myoneural, pertaining to a muscle fiber and the synapse of the motor neuron, especially a nerve ending in a muscle

Sensory (afferent) nerves

Nerves consisting of afferent fibers that conduct sensory impulses from the periphery of the body to the brain or spinal cord by way of the dorsal spinal roots

A letter linking a suffix and a root, or linking two roots, in a term is the:

Neuralgia, neur/o, -algia

Acoustic ____________ is a benign tumor arising from the acoustic nerve.

Neuroma

__________ are phagocytic granulocytes.

Neutrophils

The branch of medicine concerned with pregnancy and childbirth is:

Obstetrics

OSA is the abbreviation for:

Obstructive Sleep Apnea

The adrenal glands are located:

On top of the kidneys

Pieces of DNA that can cause normal cells to become malignant if activated by mutations are called:

Oncogenes

Thalamus

One of a pair of large oval nervous structures composed of gray matter and forming most of the lateral walls of the third ventricle of the brain and part of the diencephalon The main sensory relay center of the brain

Central nervous system

One of the two main divisions of the nervous system, consisting of the brain and the spinal cord

A mastectomy is the surgical removal of:

One or both breasts

The prefix mono- means:

One or single

Separation of the nail plate from the nail bed in fungal infections is called:

Onycholysis

Separation of the nail plate from the nail bed in fungal infections is:

Onycholysis

Visual examination of the interior the eyes is called:

Ophthalmoscopy

The point at which optic nerve fibers cross in the brain is the:

Optic chiasm

The part of the eye commonly called the blind spot because it has no light receptor cells is the:

Optic disk

Which procedure is the surgical fixation of an undescended testicle?

Orchiopexy

tax/o

Order, arrangement Ex: taxonomy, a system for classifying organisms according the their natural relationships on the basis of such common factors as embryology, structure, and physiological chemistry

Which one of the following ear structures has hair cells that relay sound waves to auditory nerve fibers?

Organ of Corti

The second division of the pharynx between the soft palate and upper edge of the epiglottis is the:

Oropharynx

____arthritis is a degeneration of bones and joints that occurs as the body ages and is often accompanied by inflammation. The word part you chose is a ____.

Osteo, combining form

The term that means inflammation of bone and joint is:

Osteoarthritis

A bone cell that helps form bone tissue is an:

Osteoblast

____________ are the immature osteocytes that produce the bony tissue that replaces ___________ during ossification.

Osteoblasts, cartilage

A bone cell that absorbs and removes unwanted bone tissue is an:

Osteoclast

The term meaning softening of the bones is:

Osteomalacia

This test determines the number of clotting cells per cubic millimeter of blood.

Platelet count

Thrombocytes are also called:

Platelets

The term that means composed of a variety of cell types is:

Pleomorphic

The combining form pleur/o means:

Pleura

The double-folded membrane surrounding each lung is called the:

Pleura

The space between the folds of the pleura is the:

Pleural cavity

Excessive fluid accumulation in the pleural space due to infection, malignancy, or trauma is called:

Pleural effusion

Asbestosis is a form of:

Pneumoconiosis

The medical term for the collection of air in the pleural space is:

Pneumothorax

The combining form tox/o means:

Poison

Multiple fluid-filled sacs (cysts) within and on the kidney describes:

Polycystic kidney disease (PKD)

PMN is the abbreviation for:

Polymorphonuclear

Polyneuritis

Polyneuritis

Benign growth extending from the surface of a mucous membrane is a:

Polyp

Benign growths that protrude from the mucous membrane of the colon are:

Polyps

A small opening on the surface of the skin is a:

Pore

PET

Positron emission tomography

-sthenia

Power, strength Ex: myasthenia gravis, an abnormal condition characterized by chronic fatigability and muscle weakness, especially of the face and throat, as a result of a defect in the conduction of nerve impulses at the neuromuscular junction

When Edmund is diagnosed with oral leukoplakia, his physician explains that this is a(n):

Precancerous condition characterized by white plaques on the oral mucosa

Actinic keratosis is a:

Precancerous lesion caused by overexposure to UV rays

A condition that can occur during or shortly after pregnancy and is marked by high blood pressure, proteinuria, and edema is called:

Preeclampsia

Epi- is a:

Prefix

Hypo- is a:

Prefix

The word part auto- is a:

Prefix

The word part endo- is a:

Prefix

The word part hyper- is a:

Prefix

PAC is the abbreviation for:

Premature Atrial Contraction(s)

PVC is the abbreviation for:

Premature Ventricular Contraction(s)

The medical term for the foreskin is:

Prepuce

Impaired vision due to aging is called:

Presbyopia

The suffix -opsy means:

Process of viewing

A patient with a prolapse of the rectum has a disorder termed:

Proctoptosis

This hormone prepares and maintains the uterus in pregnancy.

Progesterone

Which hormone is responsible for the buildup of the uterine lining during the menstrual cycle?

Progesterone

The gland that secretes an alkaline substance into the urethra that protects sperm from urethral and vaginal acidity and enhances sperm motility is the:

Prostate gland

______________, which is abbreviated ___, is a serum protein produced by prostate cancer cells

Prostate-specific antigen, PSA

The enzyme that digests protein is:

Protease

Drugs that treat AIDS by blocking the production of the enzyme that creates new viral pieces for HIV are called:

Protease inhibitors

The plasma protein converted to thrombin in the clotting process is:

Prothrombin

This test is used to evaluate patients taking anticoagulant medications.

Prothrombin time (PT)

Mr. Gerald was diagnosed with small cell lung cancer. His oncologist recommended combination chemotherapy as the modality, or method, of treatment, which would be given according to a written plan, or a:

Protocol

The function of the thyroid cartilage (Adam's apple) is to:

Provide support for the larynx

On the image below, which part of the musculoskeletal system is indicated by label C?

Proximal phalanx

Sarah, 21, goes to see the dermatologist for recurring itching and redness on her elbows. The dermatologist also notes scaly patches covered by silvery gray scales. With further questioning the dermatologist discovers that Sarah's skin outbreak has occurred periodically for more than 4 years and that her father has had similar periodic outbreaks on his knees and legs for years. The dermatologist diagnosed Sarah's skin disorder as:

Psoriasis

The cartilaginous disk joining the two pubic bones is the:

Pubic symphysis

The anterior part of the pelvis is the:

Pubis

The term that means pertaining to the lung is:

Pulmonary

PFT is the abbreviation for:

Pulmonary Function Test

The test used to measure the ventilation mechanics of the lungs is a:

Pulmonary Function Test (PFT)

X-ray imaging of arteries and veins in the lung after injection of dye into a blood vessel is called a:

Pulmonary angiography

The formation of scar tissue in the connective tissue of the lungs is a condition called:

Pulmonary fibrosis

A blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood from the lung to the left atrium is called the:

Pulmonary vein

_____ is the soft, delicate tissue filling the center of the tooth.

Pulp

The combining form sphygm/o means:

Pulse

The force of the blood being ejected from the heart causes a regular expansion and contraction of the arterial walls, called the:

Pulse

Rotation of a surgical instrument to remove a core of tissue for examination is called:

Punch biopsy

Multiple pinpoint hemorrhages and accumulation of blood under the skin is:

Purpura

_________ refers to ecchymoses and petechiae over any part of the body.

Purpura

The abbreviation for the medical term for the procedure that assesses thyroid function by testing the ability of the thyroid gland to trap and retain radioactive iodine following oral ingestion of the iodine is:

RAIU

The abbreviation for the radiographic imaging of the renal pelvis and ureters after the injection of contrast into the ureters through the bladder is:

RP

RIA is the abbreviation for:

Radiommunoassay

Connective tissue tumors usually require large doses of radiation to destroy the tumor cells; this type of tumor is called:

Radioresistant

Drugs, such as cisplatin and 5-FU (5-fluorouracil) that sensitize tumors and normal tissue to radiation to improve the outcome of treatment are called:

Radiosensitizers

On the image below, which part of the musculoskeletal system is indicated by label F?

Radius

Crackling sounds heard during inspiration when the alveoli are filled with secretions are called:

Rales

The test is used to screen asymptomatic patients for syphilis, to diagnose symptomatic infections, and to monitor syphilis in response to treatment:

Rapid plasma reagin

Which abbreviation is for a test for syphilis?

Rapid plasma reagin (RPR)

Mr. Powell is scheduled for a TURP. What does the "R" stand for?

Resection (Transurethral resection of the prostate)

The abnormality that refers to the intermittent ischemic attacks that affect arterioles of the skin is:

Raynaud disease

The process whereby renal tubules return material necessary to the body back into the bloodstream is:

Reabsorption

lex/o

Read Ex: bradylexia, abnormal slowness in reading that is not due to lack of intelligence or knowledge of the alphabet

Hormones produce their effect by binding to specific tissue recognition sites called:

Receptors

The suffix -gram means:

Record

The combining form erythr/o means:

Red

RBC is the abbreviation for:

Red Blood Count

Hodgkin disease is often diagnosed by finding the __________ cell in the lymph nodes.

Reed-Sternberg cells

The bending of light rays as they pass through the cornea, lens, and other structure of the eye en route to the retina is called:

Refraction

Blood has all of the following functions except to:

Regulate respiration

A choledochotomy is the:

Removal of a gallstone through the common bile duct

Enucleation means:

Removal of the eyeball

Mr. Simmons, age 53, has diabetes mellitus. Over the past several years, examination of his eyes has revealed an increasing decline in his vision due to diabetic retinopathy. He is now scheduled for a vitrectomy. The vitrectomy will:

Remove scar tissue and blood from the vitreous humor

____al means pertaining to the kidneys. The word part you chose is a _____.

Ren, word root

Mr. Carusa has chronic hypertension. He is scheduled for a procedure in which x-rays are taken after contrast material is injected into the bloodstream to outline renal blood vessels. This procedure is called:

Renal angiography

Radiographic examination with contrast agent of the blood vessels of the kidney is called:

Renal angiography

Which surgical procedure is performed to open narrowed areas in renal arteries?

Renal angioplasty

What is the structure that carries blood to the kidney?

Renal artery

High blood pressure resulting from kidney disease is called:

Renal hypertension

Which structure is the central collecting region in the kidney?

Renal pelvis

Which structure carries blood away from the kidney?

Renal vein

The term for the hormone secreted by the kidney that raises blood pressure is:

Renin

The suffix -oid means:

Resembling

The process by which oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between the body and its environment through the movement of air in and out of the lungs is:

Respiration

RDS is the abbreviation for:

Respiratory distress syndrome

Refraction refers to the bending of light rays to bring the rays into focus on the:

Retina

The layer of the eye containing rods and cones is the:

Retina

Symptoms of this condition include floaters in the visual field and photopsia.

Retinal detachment

RT is the abbreviation for:

Reverse Transcriptase

RTI is the abbreviation for:

Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor

Heart disease caused by rheumatic fever is called:

Rheumatic heart disease

A chronic autoimmune condition in which joints become inflamed and painful is:

Rheumatoid arthritis

RA is the abbreviation for:

Rheumatoid arthritis

The vessel that drains lymph from the upper right part of the body is the:

Right lymphatic duct

The pediatrician suspects tinea corporis. The common term for tinea is:

Ringworm

For the _____ test, a tuning fork is placed near the the patient's mastoid bone and in front of the auditory meatus.

Rinne

The sensitive receptor cells of the retina responsible for peripheral vision are the:

Rods

The foundation of a word is known as the:

Root

Circular movement around an axis is:

Rotation

With spherocytosis, cells are:

Rounded

Exanthematous viral diseases include all of the following:

Rubeola Rubella Varicella

The abbreviation for syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone is:

SIADH

The abbreviation for single-photon emission computed tomography is:

SPECT

The combining form cyst/o means

Sac of fluid

A contagious parasitic infection of the skin with intense pruritus is:

Scabies

Exanthematous viral diseases include all of the following except:

Scabies

________ is a contagious parasitic infection of skin with intense pruritus.

Scabies

Squamous cell carcinoma arises from squamous epithelial cells, which are thin, flat, and:

Scale like

This means densely packed; overgrown with fibrous tissue.

Scirrhous

The tough outer membrane covering the eyeball that helps to maintain the size and shape of the eyeball and attaches to the muscles that move the eye is the:

Sclera

A chronic progressive disease of the skin and internal organs with hardening and shrinking of connective tissue is:

Scleroderma

Jay s pediatrician ordered fungal tests and started him on fungicidal medication. Later, the results of the fungal tests confirmed the diagnosis. Fungal tests are performed by:

Scraping the lesions and placing the cells on a growth medium

The medical term for the external sac that contains the testes is:

Scrotum

Saliva is secreted from all of the following glands except the:

Sebaceous

An oil-secreting gland associated with hair follicles is a:

Sebaceous gland

A benign skin neoplasm common in the elderly and characterized by thickened yellow or brown areas of the epidermis is called:

Seborrheic keratosis

What is the oily substance secreted by sebaceous glands?

Sebum

-lepsy

Seizure Ex: electrolepsy, a central nervous system infection characterized by continuous chorea

Semin/i means:

Semen

What follow-up laboratory test will be done to determine the effectiveness of Mr. Thatcher's vasectomy?

Semen analysis

Passages in the inner ear associated with maintaining equilibrium are the:

Semicircular canals

Which gland secretes a fluid into the ejaculatory duct?

Seminal vesicle

This type of testicular cancer arises from embryonic cells in the seminiferous tubules in the testes.

Seminoma

____________ studies include growth hormone, prolactin level, gonadotropin levels, and calcium.

Serum

Mr. Randolph is jaundiced. His physician orders a liver function test called:

Serum bilirubin

The difference between plasma and serum is that:

Serum does not contain clotting elements

The function of bone processes is to:

Serve as attachments for muscles and tendons

SCID stands for:

Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Disease

Mrs. Josten saw her physician for complaints of fatigue, muscular weakness, and constipation. She had dry skin, coarse hair, and periorbital edema. She was diagnosed with myxedema. Myxedema is the result of:

Severe hypothyroidism

STI is the abbreviation for:

Sexually transmitted infection

Gonorrhea is a(n):

Sexually transmitted infection, Bacterial infection, and Inflammation of the genital tract mucosa

Mrs. Thompson is diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia. This means that:

She has insufficient iron to synthesize hemoglobin

______________ anemia is a genetic disorder characterized by production of abnormal hemoglobin (HbS), abnormal shape of erythrocytes, and hemolysis.

Sickle cell

A direct visual examination of the mucous membrane lining of the sigmoid colon is a diagnostic procedure called:

Sigmoidoscopy

The muscles that move all of the bones of the face and the eyes are called:

Skeletal muscles

The combining form cutane/o means:

Skin

The combining form derm/o means:

Skin

The combining form dermat/o means:

Skin

Dendrites

Slender branching processes that extend from the cell body of a neuron and are capable of being stimulated by a neurotransmitter

The normal pH of urine is:

Slightly acidic

The suffix in the term spondylolisthesis means:

Slipping

Examination of the anterior ocular structures under microscopic magnification is accomplished by:

Slit-lamp examination

-phasia

Speech, utterance Ex: paraphasia, condition in which a person hears and comprehends words but is unable to speak correctly. Incoherent words are substituted for intended words, yielding sentences that are unintellibible

___________, or the formation of sperm, takes place in the ___________.

Spermatogenesis, testes

The male sex cell is called the:

Spermatozoon

myel/o

Spinal cord, bone marrow Ex: myelitis, an abnormal condition characterized by inflammation of the spinal cord with associated motor or sensory dysfunction

radicul/o

Spinal nerve root Ex: radicular, pertaining to a spinal nerve root

An instrument that measures and records the volume of inhaled and exhaled air is a:

Spirometer

The combining form splen/o means:

Spleen

The organ near the stomach that produces, stores, and eliminates blood cells is the:

Spleen

The correct term for removal of the spleen is:

Splenectomy

________megaly is enlargement of the spleen.

Spleno (Splenomegaly)

Enlargement of the spleen is termed:

Splenomegaly

The epidermis is composed of which type of cell?

Squamous epithelial cells

Clusters of berry-shaped bacteria are:

Staphylococci

Unspecialized cells that become specialized when they mature are called:

Stem cells

A tube that is meshlike or slotted and used to prevent vessel obstruction is a(n):

Stent

Stereotactic radiosurgery

Stereotaxic surgery in which lesions are produced in pathological tissue in deep-seated structures in the central nervous system by ionizing radiation, with the site to be worked on localized with the use of three-dimensional coordinates

The suffix -tropin means:

Stimulating the function of

Gastritis is inflammation of the:

Stomach

Identify label 5 for anatomy of the digestive system.

Stomach

The combining form gastr/o means:

Stomach

The combining form lith/o means:

Stone

Esotropia and exotropia are examples of:

Strabismus

The outermost layer of epidermis is the:

Stratum corneum

This keratinized layer of skin functions as a protective barrier against outside elements.

Stratum corneum

Diagnostic testing for Tony included a muscle biopsy and an EMG. An EMG records:

Strength of muscle contraction

The suffix -ectasia means:

Stretching

The suffix -um means:

Structure, tissue, thing

_____gastric means pertaining to below the stomach. The word part you chose is a _______.

Sub-, prefix

___hepatic means pertaining to under the liver. The word part you chose is a __________.

Sub-, prefix

Which layer of the skin most protects the deeper tissues of the body and acts as a heat insulator?

Subcutaneous

The word part -ectomy is a:

Suffix

The word part -gram is a:

Suffix

The word part -itis is a:

Suffix

Turning the palm of the hand forward (face up) is:

Supination

T cells that serve a regulatory function for specific immune responses by stopping the immune response when an antigen has been destroyed are:

Suppressor T cells

A tracheostomy is the:

Surgical creation of an opening into the trachea

Arthrocentesis is the:

Surgical puncture of a joint to remove fluid

Circumcision is the:

Surgical removal of the foreskin

Renal transplantation is the:

Surgical transfer of a kidney from a donor to a recipient

A sexually transmitted disease caused by a spirochete, or spiral-shaped bacterium, is ______________.

Syphilis

SLE is the abbreviation for:

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

A chronic inflammatory disease of collagen in the skin, joints, and internal organs is called _______________, which is abbreviated ___.

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, SLE

A chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease involving the joints, skin, kidneys, nervous system, heart, and lungs is called:

Systemic lupus erythematosus

Ms. King presented to her physician with a reddish "butterfly" rash over her nose and cheeks. After further examination and lab results showing high levels of antibodies in the blood, she is told she has a systemic chronic inflammatory collagen disease. Corticosteroid treatment is begun. Ms. King's diagnosis is:

Systemic lupus erythematosus

Lymphocytes that act directly on antigens to destroy them or produce chemicals toxic to them are:

T cells

In this procedure, the femoral head and acetabulum are replaced with prostheses that are fastened into the bone.

THR (Total Hip Replacement)

Transient ischemic attack TIA

TIA stands for transient ischemic attack. A TIA is commonly known as a mini-stroke. It signals the gradual blocking of a blood vessel, as with atherosclerosis. The blockage can be detected with Doppler ultrasound. A short episode of neurologic dysfunction that occurs when a blood vessel is partially blocked.

The abbreviation for transrectal ultrasound is:

TRUS (Transrectal ultrasound)

The abbreviation for transurethral resection of the prostate is:

TURP (Transurethral resection of the prostate)

On the image below, which part of the lower leg and foot is indicated by label C?

Talus

The organs or tissues on which hormones act are called:

Targets

On the image below, which part of the lower leg and foot is indicated by label F?

Tarsals

The combining form lacrim/o means:

Tears

A nuclear imaging test done to assess the function of the heart and cardiac output is a(n):

Technetium-99m sestamibi scan

TMJ is the abbreviation for:

Temporo Mandibular Joint

Tenosynovitis is inflammation of the:

Tendon and synovial membrane

The disorder that involves twisting of the spermatic cord and, if left untreated, can lead to atrophy of the testes is:

Testicular torsion

The combining form orchi/o means:

Testis

The hormone that stimulates development of male sex characteristics is:

Testosterone

thalam/o

Thalamus Ex: hypothalamus, a portion of the diencephalon of the brain located below the thalamus just above the brainstem. It activates, controls, and integrates the peripheral autonomic system, endocrine processes, and many somatic functions

An inherited defect in the ability to produce hemoglobin, usually seen in persons of Mediterranean background is:

Thalassemia

An inherited defect in the ability to produce hemoglobin, usually seen in persons of Mediterranean background, is called:

Thalassemia

Neuron

The basic nerve cell of the nervous system, containing a nucleus and extending one or more processes Glial cells are the connective, supportive tissue cells that do NOTcarry impulses. Neurons, or nerve cells, DO carry impulses. Afferent (sensory) and efferent (motor) are two kinds of nerve cells.

A patient who exhibits substernal pain has discomfort under:

The breastbone

Neurotransmitter

The chemical messenger released at the end of a nerve cell that stimulates or inhibits another cell

Ms. Boineau, 66, has postmenopausal bleeding. Among the diagnostics scheduled by her gynecologist are a D&C and an endometrial biopsy. A gynecologist is a specialist in the study and treatment of:

The female reproductive system

Cerebrospinal fluid

The fluid that flows through and protects the four ventricles of the brain, the subarachnoid spaces, and the spinal canal

Pia mater

The innermost of the three meninges covering the brain and the spinal cord The pia mater, which adheres to the brain and spinal cord, carries a rich supply of blood vessels that nourish the nervous tissue.

Cerebrum CSF

The largest and uppermost section of the brain, divided by a longitudinal fissure into left and right cerebral hemispheres

The examination reveals that Mrs. Milio's glaucoma is stable but that she needs eyeglasses for presbyopia. Mrs. Milio needs eyeglasses because:

The lenses are losing their ability to accommodate to near vision as she ages

Cauda equina

The lower end of the spinal cord at the first lumbar vertebra and the bundle of lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal nerve roots that emerges from the spinal cord at the first lumbar vertebra The cauda equina takes its name, which is Latin, from its resemblance to a horse's tail.

Brain stem

The lower portion of the brain that connects the cerebrum and spinal cord

Which of the following are a lymphoid organ of the immune system?

The lymph nodes, thymus, spleen, tonsils, and adenoids

Synapse

The microscopic space through which an impulse is transmitted

Peripheral nervous system

The motor and sensory nerves and ganglia outside the brain and spinal cords, consisting of 12 pairs of cranial nerves, 31 pairs of spinal nerves, and their various branches in body organs

Dura mater

The outermost and most fibrous of the three membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord

Cerebellum

The part of the brain located in the posterior cranial fossa behind the brainstem is the second largest part of the brain. The cerebellum's functions are concerned primarily with the coordination of muscle activity. In other words, This posterior portion of the brain coordinates voluntary muscle movements and maintains balance.

Autonomic nervous system

The part of the nervous system that regulates involuntary body functions, including the activity of the cardiac muscle, smooth muscles, and glands

Hematochezia is:

The passage of bright red blood from the rectum

Brainstem

The portion of the brain comprising the medulla oblongata, the pons, and the mesencephalon The brainstem performs motor, sensory, and reflex functions.

Electroencephalography

The process of recording brain wave activity

Synapse

The region around the point of contact between two neurons or between a neuron and an effector organ, across which nerve impulses are transmitted through the action of a neurotransmitter

Meninges

The three membranes enclosing the brain and the spinal cord, comprising the dura mater, the pia mater, and the arachnoid membrane

Curettage is:

The use of a sharp instrument to scrape away a skin lesion

Microscopic examination of the tissue revealed that Ms. Boineau has endometrial cancer. After consultation with the surgical and radiation oncologists, Ms. Boineau is scheduled for a total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Ms. Boineau's surgery will remove:

The uterus and both fallopian tubes and both ovaries

HIV is:

The virus that causes AIDS

What do cryptococcal infection, cytomegalovirus infection, histoplasmosis, and pneumocystis have in common?

They are AIDS-related opportunistic infections.

What do hay fever, anaphylactic shock, and hives have in common?

They are hypersensitivity reactions.

Pia Mater

Thin, delicate inner membrane of the meninges

A full-thickness burn injury is also called a:

Third-degree burn

The combining form dips/o means:

Thirst

Axon

This threadlike extension carries impulses along a nerve cell

Surgical puncture to aspirate fluid from the pleural cavity is a:

Thoracentesis

Surgical puncture to remove fluid from the pleural space is:

Thoracentesis

What is the term for a surgical puncture to remove fluid from the chest cavity?

Thoracentesis

The large lymphatic vessel that receives lymph from the lower portion of the body and from the left side of the body above the diaphragm is the:

Thoracic duct

Lymph vessels empty into two large ducts called the:

Thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct

Examination of the pleural space, pleura, and lungs with a scope inserted through a small incision between the ribs is a:

Thoracoscopy

The combining form pharyng/o means:

Throat

The enzyme that converts fibrinogen to fibrin during coagulation is called:

Thrombin

A cell that helps clot blood is called a(n):

Thrombocyte

Another term for platelets is:

Thrombocytes

The abnormal condition of having a blood clot is called:

Thrombosis

Blocking of an artery by a blood clot is:

Thrombotic occlusion

The blocking of a coronary artery by a clot is called:

Thrombotic occlusion

________ectomy means the removal of the thymus gland.

Thym (Thymectomy)

A malignant tumor of the thymus gland is called:

Thymoma

The organ located in the upper mediastinum that plays an important role in immunity, especially during fetal life and the early years of growth, is the:

Thymus

The combining form thym/o means:

Thymus gland

A gland in the neck is the:

Thyroid

This test measures the amount of TSH, a hormone in the blood that is secreted by the anterior pituitary lobe to control the release of thyroxine and triiodothyronine.

Thyroid function

The nuclear medicine test that shows the size, shape, and function of the thyroid gland is a:

Thyroid scan

TSH is the abbreviation for:

Thyroid-stimulating hormone

T4 is the abbreviation for:

Thyroxine

This hormone increases metabolism in body cells.

Thyroxine

On the image below, which part of the lower leg and foot is indicated by label A?

Tibia

The medical term for shin bone is:

Tibia

Eccrine glands are:

Tiny, coiled structures located throughout the dermis

-praxia

To achieve, to do, action Ex: hypopraxia, abnormally diminished activity

The terms osteoarthritis and gastroenterology are both examples of using a combining vowel:

To connect two word roots, even if the second root begins with a vowel

The suffix -tropia means:

To turn

The ability of lymphocytes to recognize and accept the body s own antigens as not foreign is called:

Tolerance

Blood has all of the following functions:

Transport carbon dioxide and wastes from the cells for elimination from the body Maintain a constant environment for other living tissues Transport nutrients and oxygen to the cells

The lymphatic system functions to do all of the following except:

Transport oxygen to capillaries from the bloodstream

TUIP is the abbreviation for:

Transurethral incision of the prostate

TUMT is the abbreviation for:

Transurethral microwave thermotherapy

TUNA is the abbreviation for:

Transurethral needle ablation

The suffix -therapy means:

Treatment

The combining form for trigone is:

Trigon/o

Which of the following is a form of birth control?

Tubal ligation

Which diagnostic test involves the introduction of a purified protein derivative (PPD)?

Tuberculin test

_____________ is an infectious disease caused by rod-shaped bacteria called bacilli and usually involves the lungs.

Tuberculosis

The suffix -oma means:

Tumor or mass

A test of ear conduction using a vibration source is a(n):

Tuning fork test

Jason was seen by the pediatric nurse practitioner for chills, headache, and a fever of 102ºF. Both of his parotid glands were swollen. Blood tests showed leukocytosis. The term leukocytosis has:

Two combining forms and one suffix

The medical term for the eardrum is:

Tympanic membrane

Mr. Duarte, now age 32, was diagnosed with diabetes mellitus when he was 14 years old. He takes insulin in the morning and the evening. Despite adjustments in his insulin dosage over the years, he has had difficulty maintaining a normal blood glucose range and has been hospitalized several times for ketoacidosis and hypoglycemia. Mr. Duarte suffers from which type of diabetes?

Type 1 diabetes

Persons with ________ blood are referred to as universal recipients.

Type AB

________ blood contains anti-A antibodies.

Type B

________ blood contains only anti-A antibodies.

Type B

On the image below, which part of the musculoskeletal system is indicated by label G?

Ulna

The lower arm bone on the little finger (medial) side is the:

Ulna

Vagus

Unlike other cranial nerves, the vagus nerve carries messages to and from the neck, chest, and abdomen. The vagus nerve (X) is the only cranial nerve to leave the head and neck region, branching out to the larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, aorta, esophagus, and stomach.

URI is the abbreviation for:

Upper Respiratory Infection

The combining form humer/o means:

Upper arm bone

The word root for urine, urinary tract is:

Ur

A combining form for urine is:

Ur/o

A nitrogenous waste excreted in urine is:

Urea

The tube leading from each kidney to the bladder is called a:

Ureter

The tube leading from the bladder to the outside of the body is the:

Urethra

What is the sac that holds urine called?

Urinary bladder

If a patient requires short-term drainage of urine, she would undergo which procedure?

Urinary catheterization

UTI is the abbreviation for:

Urinary tract infection

Abnormal albumin concentrations would be detected with a:

Urine test

Ketone levels would be checked with a:

Urine test

_________ is an acute allergic skin reaction in which red, round wheals develop.

Urticaria

Cryosurgery is the:

Use of cold temperatures to destroy tissue

Hyster/o means:

Uterus

In an ectopic pregnancy, the fertilized egg could be implanted in any of the following sites except the:

Uterus

Which diagnostic procedure involves the injection or inhalation of radioactive material to study its distribution in the lung?

V/Q scan

Visual examination of the chest using an endoscope and a video monitor is:

VATS

What is the abbreviation for the procedure that uses a thorascope equipped with a camera to magnify the area under observation and projects it onto a video monitor?

VATS (Video-Assisted Thorascopy)

The abbreviation for voiding cystourethrogram is:

VCUG

Introduction of a modified toxin to produce an immune response and protection against disease is:

Vaccination

vag/o

Vagus nerve, wandering Ex: vagotomy, the cutting of certain branches of the vagus nerve, performed with gastric surgery, to reduce the amount of gastric acid secreted and lessen the chance of recurrence of a gastric ulcer

The combining form valvul/o means:

Valve

Damaged or incompetent venous valves that fail to prevent backward flow of blood can lead to the development of:

Varicose veins

Mr. Thatcher was admitted for a scheduled vasectomy. A vasectomy is the excision of the:

Vas deferens

The combining form for the vas deferens is:

Vas/o

Male sterilization results from which of the following surgical procedures?

Vasectomy

This hormone stimulates renal tubular reabsorption of water.

Vasopressin (ADH)

Which procedure would be performed to reverse a vasectomy?

Vasovasostomy

The combining form ven/o means:

Vein

___________ is a serious cardiac arrhythmia that can result in sudden cardiac arrest.

Ventricular fibrillation

Very small vessels that collect blood from the capillaries and join to form veins are:

Venules

A screening procedure that allows physicians to examine the entire length of the colon over the course of several minutes:

Virtual colonoscopy

_________ muscles are controlled by the autonomic nervous system and operate the internal organs, blood vessels, and glandular ducts.

Visceral

The inner fold of pleura that lies closest to the lung tissue is the:

Visceral pleura

The suffix in the term hyperopia means:

Vision

This test uses a Snellen chart to assess clarity of vision.

Visual acuity test

The suffix scopy means:

Visual exam, process of visually examining

Mediastinoscopy means:

Visual examination of the central portion of the chest cavity

Mr. Kennedy, who has pernicious anemia, will need lifelong administration of which substance?

Vitamin B12

An autoimmune disease characterized by milk-white patches surrounded by areas of normal pigmentation is:

Vitiligo

_________ is pigmentation loss in areas of the skin.

Vitiligo

The combining form laryng/o means:

Voice box

The term for expelling urine from the urethra is:

Voiding

A ___________, which is abbreviated ____, is an x-ray taken of the bladder and urethra as the patient expels urine.

Voiding cystourethrogram, VCUG

Mr. Raphael is admitted for a twisting of the intestines. What is the medical term for this condition?

Volvulus

On the image below, which facial bone is indicated by label D?

Vomer

The external female genitalia, which includes the labia, clitoris, and vaginal orifice, is the:

Vulva

This test determines the number of leukocytes per cubic millimeter or microliter of blood.

WBC

___________ is a tumor of malignant B cells that produce too much IgM.

Waldenström macroglobulinemia

The combining form aque/o means:

Water

For the _____ test, a tuning fork is placed on the midline of the skull (the center of the forehead).

Weber

Mosquito bites often cause this type of lesion.

Wheal

Which of the following is not an accessory structure of the skin?

Wheal

WBC is the abbreviation for:

White blood cell count

The percentage of different types of leukocytes in the blood is the:

White blood cell differential

Shawn, age 16, is being treated for leukemia, which is a condition in which there is a marked increase in abnormal:

White blood cells

A malignant tumor of the kidney occurring in childhood is known as:

Wilms tumor

A malignant tumor of the kidney that occurs in childhood is:

Wilms tumor

The combining form trache/o means:

Windpipe (trachea)

Ms. Golitz's mammography ruled out carcinoma of the breast. Mammography is:

X-ray imaging of the breast

A visual field test measures:

Your peripheral vision

The combining form that means "animal life" is:

Zo/o

On the image below, which facial bone is indicated by label A?

Zygomatic bone

A fertilized egg cell is called a(n):

Zygote

Immediately after conception, the fertilized egg is called a(n):

Zygote

Contusion

a bruising of brain tissue with neurologic deficits lasting longer than 24 hours

Cerebral concussion

a concussion-a violent shaking up or jarring of the brain, with no apparent damage to brain tissue

Migraine

a severe, recurring, unilateral, vascular headache

Meningocele

a type of spina bifida in which the meninges protrude to the outside of the body. In myelomeningocele, both the spinal cord (myel/o) and the meninges protrude.

The combining vowel is usually dropped when the suffix begins with _____.

a vowel

No loyalty or concern for others; without moral standards a. antisocial b. paranoid c. histrionic d. narcissistic e. schizoid

a. antisocial

What best describes repressions? a. defense mechanism in which unacceptable thoughts are pushed into the unconscious b. a mild depression c. repetitive acts d. an involuntary, persistent idea, emotion, or urge e. delusions of persecution

a. defense mechanism in which unacceptable thoughts are pushed into the unconscious

General preoccupation with bodily aches and pains and irrational fear about one's health a. hypochondriasis b. conversion disorder c. anorexia nervosa d. bulimia nervosa e. dissociative disorder

a. hypochondriasis

Severe dysphoric mood with psychotic features a. major depression b. cyclothymic disorder c. biopolar disorder d. hypomania e. dysthymic disorder

a. major depression

Which of the following best describes one of the roles of a clinical psychologist? a. uses tests to measure mental health and intelligence b. uses drug therapy to treat mental illness c. treats only adults d. uses electroconvulsive therapy to treat mental illness

a. uses test to measure mental health and intelligence

Shannon has cholelithiasis, or gallstones. In this term, the suffix -iasis means _______.

abnormal condition

The round depression in the hip joint that forms the socket for the head of the femur to complete the hip joint is called:

acetabulum

A pituitary growth hormone disease characterized by enlargement of the bones of the hands, feet, jaw, and cheeks is known as:

acromegaly

Hypothalamus

activates and integrates the autonomic nervous system and controls pituitary secretions The hypothalamus, which lies below (hypo-) the thalamus, controls sleep, appetite, body temperature, and secretions from the pituitary gland. The thalamus serves as a major sensory relay station, directing impulses to the cerebral cortex.

Movement of the arm toward the midline of the body is called __duction.

ad (Adduction)

maceo is dependent on te narcotic dilaudid to the degree that cessation cause severe physiologic and emotional reations. he has an ____ to dilaudid

addiction

The anterior lobe of the pituitary gland is the ________hypophysis.

adeno (Adenohypophysis)

Mr. Rucic was diagnosed with gastric ________, a cancerous tumor arising from glandular cells lining the stomach.

adenocarcinoma

Pheochromocytoma is a benign tumor of the _____ characterized by _____secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine.

adrenal medulla, hyper

The adrenal medulla secretes the sympathomimetic hormone epinephrine, which is also known as ____________________.

adrenaline

Gluc_______ is a pancreatic hormone that increases blood sugar by converting glycogen to glucose.

agon (Glucagon)

The blood levels of ALT, which is the abbreviation for ___________, and AST, which is the abbreviation for ___________, are elevated when liver cells are damaged.

alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase

Fibromy______ is a condition characterized by chronic pain and stiffness in muscles, joints, and fibrous tissue.

algia (Fibromyalgia)

Asthma, hives, and atopic dermatitis are examples of a(n) ______________, which occurs when a sensitized person reacts violently to a subsequent exposure.

allergic reaction

Pneumonia is an acute inflammation and infection of __________, which fill with pus or products of the inflammatory reaction.

alveoli

When a pregnant woman undergoes a procedure that punctures the abdomen to withdraw a sample of the fluid surrounding the fetus or embryo, it is called a(n):

amniocentesis

Radiculitis

an inflammatory disease of the nervous system involving the roots of the spinal nerves a combining form that means the root of spinal nerves, which is radicul/o. Radiculitis is a painful disorder in which the nerve root of a spinal nerve becomes inflamed, often resulting in loss of function.

drug that relieves pain

analgesic

opioid

analgesic

missy was given penicillin for tonsilitis. she developed a severe life threatening allergic or hypersinsitivity reaction to it. this reaction is

anaphylactic reaction

Hormones secreted by the testes are:

androgens

drug that reduces or eliminates sensation

anesthetic

A(n) __________ is the widening of a weakened portion of an arterial wall.

aneurysm

Surgical repair of a blood vessel is _____________.

angioplasty

With otosclerosis, bone forms around the oval window, which causes a stiffening or fixation, known as _________, of the stapes bone.

ankylosis

maria was given benadryl, a ___histamine to relieve the itching cause by her allergic reation to poisin ivy

anti

heparin

anticoagulant

warfarin

anticoagulant

Diabetes insipidus occurs when __________ is inadequately produced or improperly used in the body.

antidiuretic hormone

agent that counteracts an unwanted drug effect

antidote

substance given to neutralize unwanted effects of drugs

antidote

In systemic circulation, blood flows to the ________ after it leaves the left side of the heart.

aorta

The largest artery in the body is the _________.

aorta

The pain on Ben's lower right side leads the emergency department team to suspect an inflammation of his ________, the pouch that hangs from his cecum.

appendix

Men________ is the beginning of the first menstrual period.

arche (Menarche)

Sulci

are the grooves or fissures that separate the sheets of nerve cells in the cerebral cortex The grooves or fissures that separate the sheets of nerve cells, or gyri, in the cerebral cortex are called sulci (sing. sulcus). The deepest of these fissures divides the cerebrum into right and left halves, or hemispheres. Each of these hemispheres is divided into four major lobes: frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal.

The three major types of blood vessels in the body are the ________, ________, and ________.

arteries, veins, capillaries

The medical term for a small artery is _________.

arteriole

The smallest of the arterial vessels are called:

arterioles

A term that means a hardening of the arteries is:

arteriosclerosis

A synonym for arthrodynia is:

arthralgia

The medical term for pain in a joint is:

arthralgia

The physician ordered analgesics for Ms. Chang to reduce her inflammation and pain from degenerative joint disease, or osteo________.

arthritis (Osteoarthritis)

The visual examination of the interior of a joint is:

arthroscopy

__________ is an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen.

ascites

The term for a defective curvature of the cornea or lens of the eye is ___________.

astigmatism

An inflammatory skin reaction due to sensitivity to an environmental allergen is _______________________.

atopic dermatitis

The two upper chambers of the heart are the __________, and the two lower chambers are the __________.

atria, ventricles

An ________meter is an electronic device used to measure hearing sensitivity by delivering a series of acoustic tones that cover a range of frequencies.

audio (Audiometer)

Sound waves enter the ear with the aid of the ___________, or pinna. They are conducted along the ___________ to the ___________, or eardrum.

auricle, auditory meatus, tympanic membrane

When the tolerance of self-antigens fails, immune cells react against normal cells, resulting in various pathologic conditions called _______________.

autoimmune diseases

Fear of leaving one's home is a. acrophobia b. agoraphobia c. claustrophobia d. necrophobia e. social phobia

b. agoraphobia

Physical symptoms appear as a defense against overwhelming anxiety a. hypochondriasis b. conversion disorder c. anorexia nervosa d. bulimia nervosa e. dissociative disorder

b. conversion disorder

Numerous period of mania and depression, but not of long duration; no psychotic features a. major depression b. cyclothymic disorder c. biopolar disorder d. hypomania e. dysthymic disorder

b. cyclothymic disorder

Continually suspicious and mistrustful of other people a. antisocial b. paranoid c. histrionic d. narcissistic e. schizoid

b. paranoid

tetracyclines are ___ antibiotics that inhibit the growth of bacteria, fungi, and parasites

bacteriostatic

The ________ of the lung rests on the diaphragm.

base

Algesic

being insensitive to pain

Acoustic neuroma is a(n) _________ tumor arising from the acoustic nerve in the brain and growing in the internal auditory canal.

benign

Heme is broken apart into iron and the pigment ______________.

bilirubin

One of the substances tested for in urinalysis is the hemoglobin pigment called _______________.

bilirubin

The liver releases a pigment in the bile called:

bilirubin

A(n) ___________ pacemaker enables ventricles to beat together in synchrony so that more blood is pumped out of the heart.

biventricular

Retino________, a tumor of the retina of the eye, is an example of a known inherited cancer caused by transmission of defective DNA, which is the abbreviation for ________.

blastoma, deoxyribonucleic acid

The aspiration of a small amount of bone marrow tissue for microscopic evidence of cancerous cells is called a(n) ________ biopsy.

bone marrow

A(n) ___________ is a procedure in which a radioactive substance is placed within the body to enable visualization of a bone via the image produced by the emission of radioactive particles.

bone scan

A(n) ____________ is a procedure in which a radioactive substance is placed within the body to enable visualization of a bone via the image produced by the emission of radioactive particles.

bone scan

The ___________ glands lie just below the prostate gland and secrete fluid into the urethra.

bulbourethral

The abbreviation for biopsy is ___.

bx

Psychological factors such as anxiety, anger, and fear produce unrealistic body image and reluctance to eat a. hypochondriasis b. conversion disorder c. anorexia nervosa d. bulimia nervosa e. dissociative disorder

c. anorexia nervosa

Alternating moods of exalted feelings and excitement with moods of extreme sadness and decreased activity a. Major depression b. Cyclothymic disorder c. Biopolar disorder d. Hypomania e. Dysthymic disorder

c. bipolar disorder

False or unreal sensory perceptions are called a. obsessions b. dissociations c. hallucinations d. phobias e. panic disorders

c. hallucinations

Emotional, immature, and dependent; irrational outbursts and flamboyant behavior a. antisocial b. paranoid c. histrionic d. narcissistic e. schizoid

c. histrionic

Hyper____emia means high amounts of calcium in the blood.

calc (Hypercalcemia)

The formation of bone depends on a good supply of __________ and __________ to the bone tissue.

calcium, phosphorus

A ________oma is a solid tumor derived from epithelial tissue.

carcin

The word root for cancer is _____.

carcin

The word root for cancer is:

carcin

Digital rectal examination (DRE) and prostate specific antigen (PSA) testing are often performed to screen for malignant tumors of the prostate gland called:

carcinoma of the prostate

The lower esophageal sphincter is called the ________ sphincter.

cardiac

A(n) _____________ test is used to find evidence of a heart attack.

cardiac biomarker

An electro_____gram is a record of the electrical conduction of the heart.

cardio

The study of the heart is _______logy.

cardio

ace inhibitor

cardiovascular drug

Due to the repetitive motion of her computer data entry job, Louisa experienced pain and tingling sensations in the thumb and first three fingers of her left hand from compression of the median nerve in the _______al tunnel.

carp (Carpal)

The ____ is the first part of the large intestine.

cecum

Protrusion of the urinary bladder through the vaginal wall is a cysto_____.

cele

The term for a type of headache is:

cephalgia

The medical term for inflammation of the cervix is:

cervicitis

Surgical incision of the abdominal wall and uterus to deliver a fetus is called:

cesarean section

The first stage of syphilis is accompanied by the appearance of a red, bloodless ulcer on the external genitals, called a __________.

chancre

A diagnostic radiologic imaging study of the bile and pancreatic ducts in which contrast medium is injected via a catheter tube through the mouth, esophagus, stomach, duodenum, and then into the bile ducts is called endoscopic retrograde _____________________.

cholangiopancreatography

Surgical removal of the gallbladder is:

cholecystectomy

Hyper___________ means increased cholesterol in the blood.

cholesterolemia (Hypercholesterolemia)

The break in a(n) ________ fracture does not rupture the skin, but a(n) ______ fracture breaks the surface of the skin.

closed, open

Jamie visited the campus clinic with complaints of itching and burning around her vaginal opening and a greenish-yellow vaginal discharge. A smear of a specimen of the discharge indicated she had gonorrhea, a sexually transmitted disease caused by a diplo_____ bacterium.

coccal

Timothy had a fever and his tonsils were enlarged and inflamed. After a throat culture, his pediatrician's diagnosis was tonsillitis due to the strepto_____ bacterium.

coccal

After sound enters the inner ear, it is picked up by the sensory hair cells of the __________, which produce impulses that are transmitted by the __________ to the cerebral cortex.

cochlea, auditory nerve fibers

A term that means sexual intercourse is:

coitus

The visual examination of the mucosal lining of the length of the large intestine is a:

colonoscopy

Special proteins called _____________, abbreviated ____, trigger the production, maturation, and activation of granulocytes.

colony-stimulating factors, CSFs

The surgical creation of an opening between the large intestine and the outside of the body is called:

colostomy

Examination of the vagina and cervix with a special magnifying instrument is called a ________scopy.

colpo (Colposcopy)

Blood screening that includes an RBC count, a WBC count with differential, a platelet count, hemoglobin and hematocrit, and red blood cell indices is called a(n) _____________, which is abbreviated ___.

complete blood count, CBC

Diagnosis of adenomas, gigantism, and acromegaly can be aided by imaging studies such as ____________ and ____________ to evaluate the tumor.

computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging

Herpes zoster

condition develops in response to reactivation of the virus that causes chickenpox Herpes zoster, or shingles, develops in response to reactivation of the virus that causes chickenpox. This infection affects the peripheral nerves and is characterized by painful eruptions that follow the path of the spinal or cranial nerves around the trunk of the body. "Zoster" means "girdle"

A decreased motility of the colon in which defecation becomes difficult because the feces are dry and hard, often caused by slow peristalsis or inadequate diet, is called ______________.

constipation

Systole is the rhythmic ________ phase of the cardiac cycle.

contraction

misssy anaphylactic reation to penicillin means future use of the drug is dangerous. the severe allergic reation that prevents future use of the drug is called

contraindication

Failure of the right side of the heart to pump sufficiently to the lungs, causing enlargement of the right ventricle, is known as ___________________.

cor pulmonale

After an ovarian follicle ruptures and releases the ovum, it matures to a golden yellow color and is called a/n:

corpus luteum

A(n) ____________steroid is a hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex.

cortico

Elevated serum levels of ____________ can indicate muscular dystrophies, polymyositis, or myopathy.

creatine kinase

The _____ of the tooth lies _____ the gum line.

crown, above

One term for a congenital condition in which one or both testes are undescended (and, therefore, hidden or concealed) is called ________orchism.

crypt (Cryptorchism)

Needle aspiration of fluid from the cul-de-sac is _____centesis.

culdo

The condition inspiring the name "blue babies" due to the bluish cast of the skin from lack of adequate oxygen in the blood is ________.

cyanosis

A(n) __________ is the visual examination of the bladder by means of a lighted instrument inserted into the urethra.

cystoscopy

Mr. Huchinson has decreased production of clotting cells, or thrombo_____, from his treatment with cancer drugs, or chemo_____.

cytes, therapy

Fear of obesity in which binge eating is followed by induced vomiting a. hypochondriasis b. conversion disorder c. anorexia nervosa d. bulimia nervosa e. dissociative disorder

d. bulimia nervosa

An uncontrollable urge to perform an act repeatedly is a a. conversion b. hypochondriasis c. mania d. compulsion e. Paranoia

d. compulsion

A term that describes an exaggerated feeling of well-being is a. autism b. paranoia c. labile d. euphoria e. delusion

d. euphoria

Resembling mania, but not as severe a. major depression b. cyclothymic disorder c. biopolar disorder d. hypomania e. dysthymic disorder

d. hypomania

Grandiose sense of self-importance and preoccupation with fantasies of success and power a. antisocial b. paranoid c. histrionic d. narcissistic e. schizoid

d. narcissistic

Which of the following psychotherapies uses free association and transference? a. Hypnosis b. behavior therapy c. psychodrama d. psychoanalysis e. sex therapy

d. psychoanalysis

Mrs. Kane complains of trouble with swallowing. Another term for swallowing is ___________.

deglutition

A term that means pertaining to the skin is:

dermal

Electro__________ is a procedure that destroys tissue by burning with an electric spark.

desiccation

Electro___________ is a procedure that destroys tissue by burning with an electric spark.

desiccation

This broad band of muscle separates the chest and abdomen and contracts and expands during respiration:

diaphragm

With ________ congestive heart failure, fluid backs up in the lungs and other parts of the body.

diastolic

Pamela's vaginal carcinoma was caused by DES, which is the abbreviation for _____________, a hormone or chemical ________ taken by her mother when she was pregnant with Pamela.

diethylstilbestrol, carcinogen

Poly______ is a term for excessive thirst.

dipsia (Polydipsia)

What is the radiographic imaging procedure in which an x-ray image of the cervical or lumbar intervertebral disk is obtained after injection of contrast medium into the interior of the disk?

diskography

lasix is prescribed for mor garrison to lover his blood pressure. since it reduces blood volume by stimulation the kidney to remove wter and salt (excreted in urine) it is categorized as a

diuretic

Decreasing the angle of the ankle joint so that the foot bends backward (upward toward the top of the foot) is called _______flexion.

dorsi (Dorsiflexion)

The vas deferens is also known as the _____ deferens.

ductus (ductus deferens)

Jennifer's physician suspects she may have an ulcer in the _______, which is the first section of her small intestine.

duodenum

The first portion of the small intestine, into which the stomach releases chyme, is known as:

duodenum

Children affected with pituitary ______ism are normal mentally, but their bones remain small and underdeveloped.

dwarf (Dwarfism)

Ingesting food or water contaminated with viruses, parasites, or protozoa can cause a condition characterized by painful abdominal cramping, fever, inflamed intestines, and diarrhea containing blood. This condition is known as:

dysentery

DOE stands for _____ on exertion.

dyspnea (Dyspnea On Exertion)

Preoccupation with one's self and lack of responsiveness to others is a characteristic of a. dissociation b. dysphoria c. delusion d. apathy e. autism

e. autism

Mental symptoms such as amnesia hide the pain and anxiety of unconscious conflicts a. hypochondriasis b. conversion disorder c. anorexia nervosa d. bulimia nervosa e. dissociative disorder

e. dissociative disorder

Short depressive periods and moods with no psychotic features a. Major depression b. cyclothymic disorder c. biopolar disorder d. hypomania e. dysthymic disorder

e. dysthymic disorder

A forensic psychiatrist specializes in a. educational psychology b. psychoanalysis c. child psychiatry d. experimental psychiatry e. legal aspects of psychiatry

e. legal aspects of psychiatry

Which of the following is a mood disorder a. Phobia b. panic attack c. obsessive-compulsive behavior d. psychogenic amnesia e. manic-depressive illness

e. manic-depressive illness

Emotionally cold and aloof; indifferent to praise or criticism and to the feeling of others a. antisocial b. paranoid c. histrionic d. narcissistic e. schizoid

e. schizoid

The medical term for large bluish-purple spots of leaked blood under the skin, commonly called bruising, is ___________.

ecchymosis

Cholangi_____ is the dilation of the bile ducts.

ectasis

Removal of the larynx is a laryng_____.

ectomy

The diagnostic procedure that measures and records the electrical discharges of the brain is:

electroencephalography

The process of recording the strength of muscle contraction as the muscle is stimulated is __________graphy.

electromyo (Electromyography)

Hemat_____ means vomiting blood.

emesis

Patients who vomit blood exhibit hemat_____.

emesis

If a child swallows poison, a(n) _______ would be used to induce vomiting.

emetic

Mrs. Oliphant's decreased production of erythrocytes and circulating hemoglobin has resulted in a blood condition called an_____.

emia

The physician's admitting note on Todd Johnson s chart indicated that Todd presented with fatigue, pallor, and easy bruising. Blood tests and a bone marrow biopsy revealed that Todd had an excessive increase in the number of abnormal or cancerous white blood cells, or leuk_____.

emia

Positron _________ ___________ can be used to assess small nodules first discovered on a computed tomography scan.

emission tomography

Ms. Golightly was diagnosed with breast cancer. The tumor was removed along with a large area of surrounding tissue and lymph nodes. This type of surgical procedure is called ________ resection.

en bloc

To locate the source of his upper GI bleeding, Mr. Hannigan underwent gastrointestinal _____scopy, the visualization of the interior of his GI tract.

endo

Inflammation of the inner lining of the heart that occurs when microorganisms invade its surface is called ________itis.

endocard (endocarditis)

Ms. Genelco was diagnosed with ________osis, a condition in which the inner tissue lining of the uterus proliferates and is transferred to sites outside the uterine cavity.

endometri (Endometriosis)

The medical term for the condition of endometrial tissue located outside the uterus is:

endometriosis

progestin

endorine drug

Arlando is diagnosed with ________itis, which means he has an intestinal inflammation.

enter

Mandy sees the suffix -ase turn up several times in a patient's lab results. She quickly concludes that this suffix means ________.

enzyme

Amylaze and lipase tests measure the levels of these ________ in the blood.

enzymes

The __________ carries sperm from the seminiferous tubules to the vas deferens.

epididymis

The _________ prevents choking, or aspiration of food.

epiglottis

The medical term for nosebleed is _____________.

epistaxis

One who makes diagnostic x-rays is a radiograph_____.

er

A red blood cell is known as a(n):

erythrocyte

RBC is the number of __________ per cubic millimeter or microliter of blood.

erythrocytes

The hormones produced by the ovaries are _________ and _________.

estrogen, progesterone

The removal of a tumor and a margin of normal tissue for diagnosis and possible small tumor cure is called a(n) ________ biopsy.

excisional

Pelvic __________ is the surgical removal of pelvic organs.

exenteration

Fluid from tumors or infections that can cause pleural effusion:

exudates

Exophthalmometry is the measurement of ____________ with an exophthalmometer.

eyeball protrusion

The fibrous membrane that separates and envelopes striated muscle is the:

fascia

Adipocytes are _______ cells.

fat

Extremely rapid and irregular contractions of the heart muscle are called _________.

fibrillation

Pulmonary _________ is the formation of scar tissue in the connective tissue of the lungs.

fibrosis

A(n) _________ is a hairlike projection on a sperm cell that makes it motile.

flagellum

A term for gas expelled through the anus is:

flatus

Diabetic retinopathy can be detected with ____________, a procedure that uses a dye to visualize blood flow in the retina.

fluorescein angiography

Multi________ is a term that refers to a woman who has been pregnant more than once.

gravida (Multigravida)

The part of the stomach that is furthest from the outlet to the duodenum is called the:

fundus

The posterior, inner part of the eye is called the __________ of the eye.

fundus

Choose the term that means surgical removal of the stomach.

gastrectomy

Surgical removal of all or part of the stomach is:

gastrectomy

The study of the stomach and intestines and their diseases is called:

gastroenterology

The four functions of the __________ tract include ingestion, digestion, absorption, and elimination.

gastrointestinal

legal, noncommercial name for a drug is its___ name

generic

mr garrison was diagnosed with congestive heart failure. his blood pressures was 166/98 and his pulse 96. the dr wrote the following directives.. digoxin (lanoxin)... diogoxin is the drugs

generic name

Carcino_____ means producing or forming cancer.

genesis

As a result of hormonal changes, Mrs. Augustina developed _____________ diabetes during the third trimester of her pregnancy. Her blood sugar returned to normal after delivery.

gestational

Surgical removal of part of the gums is called _____ectomy.

gingiv

When the outflow of aqueous humor is blocked causing an increase of intra-ocular pressure, which over time causes loss of vision, the condition is called:

glaucoma

Hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex that help to maintain glucose levels in the blood are called:

glucocorticoids

A(n) ____________ is used in blood glucose monitoring.

glucometer

Hyper_________ means an increased level of blood glucose (sugar).

glycemia (Hyperglycemia)

A major sign of diabetes mellitus, detected in urinalysis, is glucose (sugar) in the urine, or _______uria.

glycos (Glycosuria)

To measure long-term blood glucose control, a(n) ___________ hemoglobin test is done.

glycosylated

To measure long-term blood glucose control, a(n) ______________ hemoglobin test is done.

glycosylated

Mr. Jansen lived in Wisconsin and had an enlarged thyroid gland, or endemic ____________, due to a deficiency of ______________ in the diet, common among peoples in his geographic region of the state.

goiter, iodine

A sexually transmitted disease that results in urethritis, dysuria, and an abnormal mucopurulent discharge from the urethra is called ________rrhea.

gono (Gonorrhea)

The physician ordered the medications allopurinol and colchicine to treat Mr. Newton's ____________ arthritis, a disease associated with accumulation of uric acid in the blood, joints, and nearby soft tissue. Mr. Newton's chief complaint was extreme pain in his left great toe, a condition often called ______________.

gouty, podagra

Evaluating the degree of maturity of tumor cells or indication of malignant transformation is called _______ of tumors.

grading

Ms. Kazie, who has never been pregnant, or is nulli _________, was diagnosed with fibrocystic disease.

gravida

Otosclerosis is the condition of __________ of the bony tissue of the _______ ear.

hardening, middle

A smoky red color to the urine is indicative of blood in the urine, or ________uria.

hemat

The formation of blood cells is a process called:

hematopoiesis

During ___________ transplantation, peripheral stem cells from a donor are administered to a recipient.

hematopoietic stem cell (HSC)

A burst of bleeding somewhere in the body would be called:

hemorrhage

Chronic constipation can put pressure on anal veins, causing swollen, twisted varicose veins in the rectal region, called:

hemorrhoids

Choose the correct spelling for the word that means the stopping of the flow of blood.

hemostasis

Inflammation of the liver is called:

hepatitis

Mr. Arturo has an inflammation of the liver that may be caused by the _______ A, B, or C virus.

hepatitis

Mrs. Pitt developed excessive hair on her face and body, or _________, due to excessive secretion of androgens caused by an adrenal tumor.

hirsutism

Genital warts are caused by some types of a virus called ___________, which can cause cervical cancers in women as well as cancers in men.

human papillomavirus (HPV)

The bone of the upper arm is known as the:

humerus

A(n) ________cele is the accumulation of fluid in a duct or saclike cavity like the scrotum.

hydro (Hydrocele)

A surgical procedure to correct an accumulation of fluid in the scrotum is ______:

hydrocelectomy

A general term for the condition of having excessive reactions to allergens is called ____________.

hypersensitivity

mr garrisons dr prescribes beta blockers to help control his

hypertension

mr fergamo was given an ___to help him sleep

hypnotic

A region of the brain lying below the thalamus and above the pituitary gland and that secretes releasing factors and hormones that affect the pituitary gland is the:

hypothalamus

A diagnostic test that involves the imaging of the uterus and fallopian tubes following the injection of contrast dye is:

hysterosalpingography

pertaining to an adverse condition tht results from treatment

iatrogenic

unexpected drug effect in a particularly sensitive person

idiosyncrasy

Federico's doctor believes he may have an obstruction where food enters the large intestine through the cecum. The cecum is a small pouch connected to the ileum at the _________.

ileocecal sphincter

A term for the portion of the small intestine is:

ileum

-blast

immature

A term that describes any of a group of diseases caused by a defect in the immune system, characterized by susceptibility to infection and chronic diseases is _______________________________.

immunodeficiency

Derek finds it easiest to floss his _______, the four upper front teeth in his dental arch.

incisors

mrs ruggen developed pleural effusions from metatastic lung disease. nigrogen mustard was injected into her pleural cvity to treat theeffusions. this route of drug administration is

intracavitary

A condition in which one bowel segment collapses or telescopes into the opening of another segment is called:

intussusception

Spina bifida occulta

is the milder form of Spina bifida; there is incomplete closure of the spinal cavity but no protrusion of the cavity's contents through the opening.

One who specializes in treating diseases of the kidney is a nephrolog_____.

ist

Mr. Chaney's physician told him that his chronic productive cough is from excess mucus secretion by an inflamed bronchial tree. Inflammation of the bronchi is called bronch_____.

itis

A _______ is a hypertrophied, thickened scar that develops after trauma to the skin, such as a surgical incision.

keloid

A ________plasty is the surgical repair of the cornea, also known as corneal transplant.

kerato (Keratoplasty)

Astrocytes

known as "star cells", attach to neurons and to capillaries in the brain, holding these structures in proximity to one another. Astrocytes transport water and salts from the capillaries and wrap around these capillaries to form, with the capillary wall, the blood-brain barrier.

The process of producing nutritive milk for offspring is called:

lactation

Pro________ is an anterior pituitary hormone that promotes milk production after birth.

lactin

Paul is scheduled to have his gallbladder removed via the insertion of a specialized endoscope through a small abdominal incision. This procedure is called a _____scopic _____ectomy.

laparo, cholecyst (Laparoscopic, Cholecystectomy)

During ___________, a lighted, flexible endoscope is passed through the mouth or nose into the larynx.

laryngoscopy

The term for the condition of thick, white patches found on the tongue and other mucous membranes is:

leukoplakia

Mr. Ayers' physician warns him that his _______, the large organ in the right upper quadrant of his abdomen, is not producing bile as efficiently as it normally should.

liver

The right lung has three ________, whereas the left lung has ____.

lobes, two

Ophthalmo_____ is the study of the eye and its diseases and treatment.

logy

The suffix that means process of study in microbiology is:

logy

A ___________________ is a surgery in which the tumor and immediate surrounding tissue are removed while preserving the remaining breast tissue.

lumpectomy

The disease caused the breakdown, or _____, of liver cells.

lysis

A ___________ is a large phagocyte found in lymph nodes and other tissues of the body.

macrophage

Osteo_____ is softening of bones.

malacia

Softening of the bones is called osteo________.

malacia (Osteomalacia)

The combining form andr/o means:

male

Characteristically, a tumor that multiplies rapidly, is undifferentiated and invasive, and can metastasize is a ________ tumor.

malignant

Choose the term that means surgical removal of a breast.

mastectomy

Zoster

means girdle

Malignant _________oma is a cancerous growth composed of melanocytes.

melan

Digested blood in the feces is called:

melena

Mary is diagnosed with Hodgkin lymphoma, and her physician recommends _____________ for treatment. This treatment consists of lab-produced antibodies linked to a specific toxin being delivered directly to the tumor cells.

monoclonal antibodies

The study of the shape of the cells is called ______logy.

morpho (morphology)

A __________ is an abnormal, prolonged heart sound caused by incomplete closure of heart valves.

murmur

Granulocytes are formed in red bone marrow, or ________oid tissue.

myel (myeloid)

Which of these terms refers to a visual record of either the spinal cord or bone marrow?

myelogram

The ________metrium is the muscular middle layer of the uterus.

myo

A _______ectomy is the excision of fibroids from the uterus.

myom

Ms. Munoz was scheduled for a _______ectomy to remove uterine fibroids.

myom (Myomectomy)

Poly__________ is chronic inflammatory myopathy.

myositis (Polymyositis)

Spinal stenosis is a _________ of the lumbar spinal canal.

narrowing

A(n) ________ tube is inserted through the nose into the stomach to remove fluid postoperatively.

nasogastric

A ________ biopsy is the aspiration of a core of tissue for microscopic examination.

needle

The surgical removal of all or part of a kidney is known as:

nephrectomy

Choose the term that means abnormal condition of the kidney.

nephrosis

The ___________hypophysis is the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland.

neuro (Neurohypophysis)

A(n) _______phil is a white blood cell that does not stain intensely with either alkaline or acidic dye.

neutro (neutrophil)

Embryonal carcinoma, yolk sac tumor, choriocarcinoma, and teratoma are all types of:

nonseminomatous germ cell tumors

Most often the combining vowel is the letter _____.

o

Sometimes a narrowing or blockage of the upper airway can cause _____ sleep apnea.

obstructive

Pain in the chest wall muscles aggravated by breathing is called pleur_____.

odynia

Madeline fell and hit her head on the sidewalk. The resulting lump was a hemat_____, a collection or mass of clotted blood under the skin.

oma

The excision of one or both ovaries:

oophorectomy

An ________ is a medical doctor who specializes in treating eye disorders.

ophthalmologist

A(n) ____________ infection is a disease caused by lowered body resistance, which allows infection by bacteria and parasites that are normally easily contained.

opportunistic

Removal and viewing of living tissue from the body is a bi_____.

opsy

Because there are no light receptor cells in the ___________, it is known as the blind spot of the eye.

optic disk

Removal of both testes is called a bilateral _______ectomy.

orchi (Bilateral orchiectomy)

Surgical fixation of the testes to correct cryptorchidism is:

orchiopexy

Another word for an opening is:

orifice

When Melanie has her tonsils removed, the surgery will take place in her _______pharynx.

oro

A degenerative inflammatory condition of bone and joint is:

osteoarthritis

Choose the term that means deficiency of the bone:

osteopenia

Ms. Carson was found to be infertile because she was anovulatory. In other words, her ovaries were unable to produce and mature eggs, or ______.

ova

Antonio was born with a cleft palate. It was repaired by the surgical procedure called _____plasty.

palato

The surgical repair of the roof of the mouth is:

palatoplasty

Uncomfortable sensations in the chest related to cardiac arrhythmias that make you aware of your heartbeat are known as ____________.

palpitations

Deficiency of all pituitary hormones is called _____hypopituitarism.

pan (Panhypopituitarism)

Elias's sense of taste is assessed by testing the response of the ______, the small elevations on his tongue.

papillae

The __________ glands are small glands on the posterior side of the thyroid.

parathyroid

Receiving nutrition through a site other than the digestive system or alimentary canal is called ___________ nutrition.

parenteral

In a _______ test, an allergen-treated piece of gauze or filter paper is applied to the skin to see if it produces a reaction.

patch

Bone densitometry determines bone mass with a machine that measures how well x-rays __________ bone.

penetrate

Thrombocyto_____ means deficiency of platelets.

penia

Granulocyto______ is a deficiency in the total number of basophils, eosinophils, and neutrophils.

penia (Granulocytopenia)

Dys_____ means difficult digestion.

pepsia

An ulcer in the lining of the stomach or duodenum is a _______ ulcer.

peptic

PEG tube is short for ___________ tube.

percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy

Inflammation of the sac surrounding the heart is called ________itis.

pericard (pericarditis)

The folded layer of connective tissue that surrounds the heart is called the:

pericardium

The area between the anus and the scrotum is called _____________:

perineal

The _____ holds the tooth in place in the tooth socket.

periodontal membrane

Evan has healthy ________, which is the name for the involuntary, rhythmic contractions that move a bolus of food through the GI tract.

peristalsis

The coordinated contraction of the intestines that moves the contents of the intestine forward is:

peristalsis

A highly contagious bacterial infection of the pharynx, larynx, and trachea characterized by paroxysmal spasms of coughing followed by a whooping inspiration is known as _________.

pertussis

Mrs. White underwent cataract surgery. The lens was extracted by ________emulsification, the use of ultrasonic vibration to break up and aspirate portions of the lens.

phaco (Phacoemulsification)

Poly_____ is the excessive eating or craving of food.

phagia

A granulocyte that eats harmful cells is a:

phagocyte

mrs sandano took her prescription for tamoxifen to the drugstroe to be prepared and dispensed by the

pharmacist

calculation of drug concentration (or disposition) in tissues and blood over a period of time

pharmacokinetics

study of drugs

pharmacology

The anatomy term that describes the throat is:

pharynx

Excessive bleeding caused by congenital lack of one of the protein factors necessary for blood clotting is called hemo________.

philia (Hemophilia)

Acro_____ is fear of heights.

phobia

Mr. Kenneport had diabetic retinopathy that was treated with ________coagulation, which is the use of a laser to seal leaky blood vessels.

photo (Photocoagulation)

A hair-containing cyst found in the sacral region of the back is called a _________ cyst.

pilonidal

The combination of the hair follicle and the attached sebaceous gland is called:

pilosebaceous unit

The motion that extends the foot downward toward the ground as when pointing the toes is _______ flexion.

plantar

A gastro________ is the surgical repair of the stomach.

plasty

Surgical repair of a narrowed blood vessel is an angio_____.

plasty

Arthro________ is the surgical reconstruction or prosthetic replacement of the end of a joint.

plasty (Arthroplasty)

What word could be used in place of pleuralgia to denote the same or similar meaning?

pleurodynia

A group of occupational-related lung diseases characterized by inflammation, infection, and bronchitis, caused by inhaling substances in the workplace is called __________________.

pneumoconiosis

The normal formation of blood cells in the bone marrow is called hemato________.

poiesis (hematopoiesis)

In some anemias, irregularly shaped blood cells are formed, a condition known as _________________.

poikilocytosis

Which condition is characterized by an abnormal increase in the number of red blood cells?

polycythemia vera

Mr. Gonzales' colonoscopy revealed several large benign polyps, which his physician removed in a _______.

polypectomy

Mr. Martez, paraplegic since an automobile accident, had decreased bone density, or osteo_______, in his legs from atrophy of disuse.

porosis (Osteoporosis)

A fasting plasma glucose test can diagnose both diabetes and ________, a condition in which blood glucose is higher than normal but not high enough for a diagnosis of diabetes.

prediabetes

A _____ is attached to the beginning of a word root to modify its meaning.

prefix

The medical term for prolapse of the anus is:

proctoptosis

A ________ectomy is the removal of the prostate gland.

prostat (Prostatectomy)

The combining form prostat/o means:

prostate gland

A blood test for prostate cancer is the PSA, which stands for:

prostate specific antigen

Blepharo_____ is drooping of the eyelid.

ptosis

Mrs. Long's drooping eyelid, or blepharo_____, is due to a weakened eyelid muscle.

ptosis

In a _________ biopsy, a surgical instrument removes a core of tissue by rotation of its sharp, circular edge.

punch

Pus in the urine is called ___________uria.

py

The muscular ring at the lower end of the stomach is the ____ sphincter.

pyloric

A ________ scan consists of pictures taken of organs after injection of radioactive substances.

radionuclide

Odd as it may seem, Alexis has the same ridges, or ________, on her palate as she has in her stomach.

rugae

Fine crackling sounds heard during inhalation, caused by excess bronchial tube secretions in the alveoli, are known as ________.

rales

Pertaining to the kidney is:

renal

Kidney stones are also known as:

renal calculi

When the kidney fails to excrete urine, __________ has occurred.

renal failure

The __________ is the microscopic tube where urine is formed.

renal tubule

The combining form is made up of the _____ and a combining vowel.

root

The foundation of a word is known as the _____.

root

Mr. Wayne had a hernio_____ to repair (suture) his hernia.

rrhaphy

As a result of her acute episode of pancreatitis, Mrs. Dunlap was unable to absorb fat (lipids) properly. This malabsorption, resulting in a flow or discharge of fat, is called steato_____.

rrhea

Ms. Rosenblum has a purulent, nonbloody vaginal discharge, or leuko________, as a result of an infection of her cervix.

rrhea (leukorrhea)

Pleural _______ is the scratchy sound produced by pleural surfaces rubbing against each other.

rub

Folds or wrinkles within the stomach are called _____.

rugae

Ms. Gray underwent a bilateral ________ectomy, or removal of both fallopian tubes and ovaries, after her diagnosis of ovarian cancer.

salpingo-oophor

Mr. McCourtney was diagnosed with a retinal detachment after a basketball game injury. The detachment was repaired with a ________ buckle, the suture of a silicone band over the detached area to force together the layers of the retina.

scleral

A laparo_____ is an instrument used to visually examine the abdominal cavity.

scope

Broncho________ is the visual examination of the bronchi.

scopy (Bronchoscopy)

Two skin tests for allergic reaction are ___________ and ___________.

scratch test, patch test

To test for male fertility, a(n) __________ would be ordered.

semen analysis

The ____________ are glands that secrete fluid into the vas deferens.

seminal vesicles

A narrow, coiled tubule that produces sperm in a testis is:

seminiferous tubules

Having suffered severe burns in an accident, Steve develops hypocalcemia. Which laboratory test can detect hypocalcemia?

serum calcium test

Red blood cell morphology looks at the _________ of individual red blood cells.

shape

In a ______ biopsy, tissue is removed using a cut parallel to the surface of the surrounding skin.

shave

after 3 days of treatment with digoxin, mr garrison complains of nausea nad blurred vision. both areknown occasional and undesirable responses to the drug. such response is called

side effects

Mr. Wayne is scheduled to have a visual examination of the distal end of his descending colon that leads into the rectum. This procedure is called a _____scopy.

sigmoid/o

The electrical impulse that triggers the contraction of the heart muscle originates in the __________ node, which is abbreviated __ node.

sinoatrial, SA

Another name for growth hormone (GH), which affects the growth of the long bones and skeletal muscles of the body, is:

somatotropin

An involuntary muscle contraction of sudden onset is:

spasm

Pyloro_____ is the sudden involuntary contraction of the pylorus.

spasm

-kinesia

spasmodic movements

________genesis is the formation of spermatozoa.

spermato (Spermatogenesis)

What is another name for a single sperm cell?

spermatozoon

The instrument used to measure blood pressure is called a ________ometer.

sphygmoman (Sphygmomanometer)

Chole_____ means the stopping or suppression of bile flow.

stasis

As a result of her acute episode of pancreatitis, Mrs. Dunlap was unable to absorb fat properly. This malabsorption leads to ____rrhea.

steato (Steatorrhea)

Erica was born with a narrowed pyloric sphincter that obstructed the flow of food into the small intestine. This defect is called pyloric _________.

stenosis

The class of hormones made from the lipid cholesterol is:

steroids

The instrument used to listen to the chest sounds is called a(n) ___________.

stethoscope

tonic

stiffening of the muscles

amphetamine

stimulant

Timothy suffered from recurring fever blisters around his mouth, known as herpetic ____itis.

stomat

A high-pitched sound produced by the larynx or pharynx on inspiration is _______.

stridor

The combining vowel connects the root to the _____ or to another root.

suffix

The _____ -ic means _______.

suffix, pertaining to

The _____ brings oxygen-poor blood into the heart from the upper parts of the body.

superior vena cava

combo of two drugs causing an effect greater than the sum of each drug alone is

synergism

penicillin and streptomycin are given together to treat bacterial endocarditis bc their combo is greater than the sum of the indiv effects. this is

synergistic

The circuit that the blood follows from the heart to the body's tissues and back is called __________ circulation.

systemic

Mrs. Thompson is scheduled for same-day surgery. Her resting blood pressure is 112/78. The ________ pressure of this reading is 112.

systolic

A usually benign tumor occurring in the testes or ovaries composed of different types of tissue such as hair, bone, and cartilage is called:

teratoma

An adjective that means pertaining to the male gonad is:

testicular

The combining form test/o means:

testis or testicle

Cerebral cortex

the outer region of the cerebrum

Treatment using water is hydro_____.

therapy

Mr. Matthew s surgeon had to perform a ___________ in order to do a lung biopsy.

thoracotomy

The abnormal condition of a clot in a blood vessel is called:

thrombosis

Brenda's doctor ordered a ____________ to measure her blood levels of T3, T4, and TSH.

thyroid function test

A subjective noise such as ringing, buzzing, whistling, or clicking heard in the absence of sound is called ______.

tinnitus

The hormone that stimulates uterine contractions during labor is oxy______.

tocin (Oxytocin)

donald developed ____to morphine, meaning that he needed increasing amts to relieve pain

tolerance

A phlebo_____ is the incision of a vein.

tomy

A mass of lymphatic tissue at the back of the mouth is a(n):

tonsil

Which set of word parts builds the term that means the surgical creation of a new opening in the windpipe?

trache/o + -stomy

Endo________ intubation is the insertion and placement of a tube into the trachea through the nose or mouth.

tracheal (Endoracheal)

A(n) ________ is an opening into the trachea through which an indwelling tube is inserted.

tracheostomy

A ________ is an incision into the trachea.

tracheotomy

benzodiazepine

tranquilizer

phenothiazine

tranquilizer

nitroglycerin ___dermal patch was applied topically to mr jeffersons skin to help relieve his chest pain

trans

During a colonoscopy, a polyp was found in Mr. Divers' ________ colon, the part of his colon that passes horizontally to the left toward the spleen.

transverse

Mr. Cawein is informed that his diverticulitis is caused by ________.

trapping of undigested food or bacteria in a diverticulum

The valve that lies between the right atrium and the right ventricle is the __________ valve.

tricuspid

As blood enters the right atrium from the venae cavae, it flows next through the __________, __________, and __________.

tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary valve

A_____ means condition of no growth.

trophy

An increase in the size of cells is hyper_____.

trophy

A small rounded process for muscle and tendon attachment is:

tubercle

-oma

tumor

clonic

twitching and jerking of the limbs

A series of x-rays of the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine obtained after administering barium by mouth is known as a:

upper gastrointestinal series

The retention of urea and nitrogen in the blood is called _____emia.

ur

Albumin in the urine is called albumin____.

uria (Albuminuria)

The examination of urine to determine the presence of abnormal elements is a ___________, which is abbreviated ____.

urinalysis, UA

The study of diseases of the urinary system is ____logy; the word part you chose is a _________.

uro, combining form

The small, fleshy mass dangling from the center of the soft palate is the:

uvula

A(n) ________cele is an enlargement of the veins of the spermatic cord.

varico (varicocele)

The duct that carries spermatozoa from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct is known as the ____________.

vas deferens

Bacterial endocarditis produces lesions resembling cauliflower called __________ that break off into the bloodstream as __________.

vegetations, emboli

Damage to the heart valves produces lesions called ___________ that can break off into the bloodstream as ___________, material that travels through the blood.

vegetations, emboli

The inter________ septum is the wall between the ventricles of the heart.

ventricular

An epidermal growth caused by a virus is called a wart, or _______.

verruca

A raised yellowish plaque on the eyelid caused by a lipid disorder is called ____________.

xanthelasma

The condition of dry eye is called _____ophthalmia.

xer (Xerophthalmia)