Medialab questions that I got wrong

The lower reference limit for progressive motility in sperm

32%

Lower reference limit for total motility (progressive + non-progressive) in sperm

40%

A cytokine can be described as: A. A soluble protein that regulates the immune response B. A chemical messenger that is only produced by lymphocytes C. A substance that acts alone to influence an immune response D. An antibody that reacts with lymphocytes

A

A patient is group AB with one copy of the Se gene. What will they have in their secretions? A. A, B, & H B. Only B & H C. Only A & H D. Only H

A

All of the following are therapeutic drugs used to treat cardiac disease, EXCEPT? A. Carbamazepine B. Digoxin C. Procainamide D. Quinidine

A

All of the following hormones are produced primarily in the pancreatic islets EXCEPT which one? A. Gastrin B. Glucagon C. Insulin D. Pancreatic polypeptide

A

Central Tolerance in the human immune defense system operates by: A. Clonal deletion of T cells and clonal editing of B cells B. Cellular inactivation by weak signaling without a co-stimulus C. Clearance of apototic bodies D. Antigen segregation

A

Estrogen (ERs) and progesterone (PRs) receptors used as tumor markers are most commonly employed to provide prognostic information about: A. Breast cancer B. Uterine cancer C. Menopause D. Cervical cancer

A

It is essential to recognize the distinction between quality control (QC) limits and QC goals. Which is the true statement regarding these terms? A. QC specifications (goals) are the criteria used to decide that a given method meets the clinical requirements. B. QC limits may be derived from the total allowable error, biological variation, or other medical decision criteria. C. QC specifications (goals) are defined by the process itself based on its natural variation. D. QC limits are what you want and QC specifications are what you have.

A

The direct antiglobulin test (DAT) is most unreliable when diagnosing hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn due to which blood group system? A. ABO B. Duffy C. Rh D. Kidd

A

The fibrinolytic system may be activated by which one of the following? A. Streptokinase B. Streptolysin C. Fibrin D. EDTA

A

The ketone component that is measured by the nitroprusside reaction is: A. Acetoacetic acid B. Beta-hydroxybutyric acid C. Acetone D. Glycine

A

The trophozoite state of the intestinal flagellate Giardia duodenalis has what characteristic? A. Two nuclei B. An undulating membrane C. Two flagella D. Lack of a sucking disc

A

What is a typical finding for determining the endpoint for the initial or iron-depletion phase of treatment for hereditary hemochromatosis (HH)? A. The serum ferritin decreases to between 20 and 50 ng/mL B. The hepatic iron index returns to normal C. The transferrin saturation drops below 20% D. The serum iron falls to below 35 µg/dL.

A

What sugar configuration is necessary as a base for attachment of other sugars to produce ABO antigens? A. Galactose plus fucose B. Glucose plus fucose C. N-acetylgalactosamine plus fucose D. D-galactose plus fucose

A

Which classification is defined as encompassing a group of organisms that may contain multiple genera and consists of organisms with a common attribute? A. Family B. Genus C. Species D. Subspecies

A

Which of the following activities would require that a label be added to the blood label indicating the name and location of a second manufacturer? A. Irradiating a unit of red cells or platelets B. Shipping a unit to another facility C. Thawing a unit of plasma D. Receiving a unit from another facility

A

Which of the following mutations is most commonly found in hereditary hemochromatosis (HH)? A. C282Y B. H63D C. BCR/ABL1 D. S65C

A

Which of the following sample types should be processed first for a culture and Gram stain? A. Cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) B. Wound swab in transport medium C. Clean catch urine D. Endotracheal aspirate

A

Which of the following would you find in a primary hyperparathyroidism case? A. Elevated serum calcium and decreased serum phosphorus B. Elevated serum calcium and elevated serum phosphorus C. Decreased serum calcium and decreased serum phosphorus D. Decreased serum calcium and increased serum phosphorus

A

n providing crossmatch-compatible blood units, all of the following antibodies are most often clinically insignificant EXCEPT: A. Anti-Jkb B. Anti-P1 C. Anti-M D. Anti-Lea

A

Vitamin D is formed in the skin and hydroxylated in two places before it is in its active form of 1,25-dyhydroxy vitamin D. Where does the second hydroxylation occur? A. Liver B. Kidneys C. Skin D. Intestines

B

What percentage solution of sodium hypochlorite (bleach) is recommended as a routine laboratory disinfectant? A. 5% B. 10% C. 15% D. 20%

B

Which of the following ketones is NOT detected in the Acetest® tablet method? A. Acetone B. Beta-hydroxybutyric acid C. Acetoacetic acid D. Beta-hydroxybutyric acid and acetone

B

Which of the following organisms are aerobic, Gram negative diplococci that do not ferment sugars and is DNAse positive? A. Neisseria lactamica B. Moraxella catarrhalis C. Kingella kingae D. Veillonella parvula

B

Which of the following signs and symptoms may be associated with immediate transfusion reaction, but is NOT usually associated with delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction? A. Fever and chills B. Unexplained bleeding from surgical site C. Unexplained drop in hemoglobin D. Transient jaundice

B

Which one of the following are normal genes that induce DNA synthesis, promote cell division, and inhibit cell death? A. Tumor suppressor genes B. Proto-oncogenes C. Oncogenes D. Mismatch repair genes

B

Within the genus Campylobacter, the laboratory test most helpful in selectively identifying Campylobacter jejuni is: A. Indoxyl acetate B. Hippurate hydrolysis C. Nitrate reduction D. Susceptibility to nalidixic acid

B

hich enzyme is responsible for the rate-limiting step of steroid hormone synthesis? A. 21-hydroxylase B. CYP450 C. F-zone enzymes D. 17-hydroxylase

B

Which assay is performed to diagnose congestive heart failure (CHF)?

BNP

What parasite has a kidney shaped nucleus

Balantidium coli

What mold looks like lolipops?

Blastomyces dermatitides

Impedance

Blood cells or other particles are counted and sized based on changes in electrical resistance as they pass between two electrodes.

A patient is seen in the ER for abdominal pain and jaundice (yellowing of the skin and sclera). A quick urinalysis is performed and it is noted there is an increase in urine urobilinogen. All of the following are likely causes EXCEPT: A. Hepatitis B. Hemolytic episode C. Cholelithiasis D. Chronic liver disease

C

All of the following serological test results may occur in a patient experiencing a hemolytic transfusion reaction due to the presence of a clinically significant Rh antibody such as anti-c EXCEPT: A. reaction at 37°C or AHG phase. B. Preference to react with RBCs possessing a double-dose of Rh antigen. C. Binding complement. D. Positive DAT result.

C

From the choices listed below, select the characteristic that would immediately rule out a presumptive identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: A. Positive niacin accumulation reaction B. Acid-fast bacilli arranged in parallel bundles C. Yellow pigmented colonies after exposure to light D. Positive reactions for nitrate reduction and urease

C

How is beta thalassemia defined? A. A decrease in the rate of production of beta chains due to a partial or total deletion of loci from chromosome 16 that code for the beta chain. B. A decrease in the rate of production of Hb A due to a substitution of an amino acid in the beta chain. C. A decrease in the rate of production of beta chains due to a partial or total deletion of loci from chromosome 11 that code for the beta chain. D. The production of an abnormal form of hemoglobin due to the substitution of an amino acid in the beta chain.

C

There are several different types of media that can be used in electrophoresis. Most methods today use a gel - cellulose acetate, agarose, or polyacrylamide gel. Which one of the following statements is true regarding these gels? A. The compounds used to make cellulose acetate gels are carcinogenic B. Polyacrylamide gels are composed of polysaccahrides and acrylamides C. Polyacrylamide gels have the greatest resolution or separation of solutes D. Cellulose acetate and agarose gels are the more commonly used gels

C

To obtain accurate aPTT times in patients who have hemophilia and have blood drawn from implanted venous access devices, it is important to: A. Run the activated thromboplastin time (aPTT) in triplicate B. Compare the patient's current aPTT with previous results C. Treat patient plasma with heparin neutralizers and then do the aPTT D. Perform the aPTT on plasma from a green top tube, rather than a blue top.

C

Twelve weeks after onset of the disease, patients with uncomplicated acute hepatitis B usually will demonstrate which of the following in their serum? A. HBsAg B. Anti-EBNA C. Anti-HBe D. Anti-HIV

C

Which chromosome demonstrates a partial or full gene loci deletion in various forms of beta thalassemia? A. Chromosome 16 B. Chromosome 8 C. Chromosome 11 D. Chromosome 9

C

Which of the folloing is the prodrug of phenobarbital? A. Fosphenytoin B. Ethosuximide C. Primidone D. Gabapentin

C

Which of the following can be used to confirm if someone has the Bombay phenotype? A. Dolichos biflorus B. Bandeiraea simplicifolia C. Ulex europaeus D. Iberis amara

C

Which of the following is least likely to interfere with the measurement of hemoglobin? A. Icteric plasma B. Lipemia C. Cold agglutinin D. Leukocytosis

C

Which of the following major cellular elements does not develop solely in the bone marrow? A. Monocyte B. Neutrophil C. Lymphocyte D. Macrophage

C

Which of the following methods would be employed to collect sweat for chloride analysis: A. Electrophoresis B. Counter electrophoresis C. Iontophoresis D. Isoelectric focusing

C

Which three genetic variations in enzymes are most often linked to differences in drug metabolism? A. CYP2D6, CYP2C9 & CYP3A4 B. CYP6D2, CYP9C2 & CYP4A3 C.PYC2D6, PYC2C9 & PYC3A4 D. PYC6D2, PYC9C2 & PYC4A3

C

Which three hormones are known to regulate serum Ca2+ by changing their secretion rate in response to changes in ionized Ca2+? A. TSH, vitamin A & calcitonin B. T4, vitamin B12 & calcitonin C. PTH, vitamin D & calcitonin D. T3, vitamin E & calcitonin

C

Which type of Plasmodium infection has a 72-hour cycle, tends to infect old cells, and will have normal sized red blood cells? A. Plasmodium vivax B. Plasmodium ovale C. Plasmodium malariae D. Plasmodium falciparum

C

he term "HACEK" is often associated with infective endocarditis. All of the following organisms are included in the "HACEK" group, EXCEPT? A. Kingella kingae B. Cardiobacterium hominis C. Haemophilus influenzae D. Eikenella corrodens

C

pH alteration of normal blood in a closed vessel standing at 37oC for 1 hour is approximately: A. 0.01 to 0.02 pH units B. 0.02 to 0.04 pH units C. 0.04 to 0.08 pH units D. 0.08 to 0.12 pH units

C

Why are small dense LDL molecules more atherogenic? A. Small dense LDL molecules contain less cholesterol and phospholipid. B. Small dense LDL molecules increase the concentration of HDL-C in the blood. C. Small dense LDL molecules increase the concentration of adiponectin and inflammatory cytokines. D. Small dense LDL molecules have greater mobility in the endothelium and arterial wall.

D

A 27-year-old female presents to her physician after suffering a spontaneous abortion. Though rare, which antibody may be the etiological agent? A. Anti-P1 B. Anti-P C. Anti-PP1Pk D. Anti-P2

B

A hemocytometer is generally used for all of the following, EXCEPT? A. Cell counts in CSF B. Synovial fluid crystal counts C. RBC/WBC counts D. Platelet counts

B

All of the following are benefits of autologous donation EXCEPT: A. Reduces exposure to infectious diseases B. Readily available in case of an unexpected emergency C. Reduces demand for homologous blood transfusions D. Eliminates sensitization to cellular blood components

B

All of the following carbohydrates are considered reducing sugars EXCEPT: A. Lactose B. Sucrose C. Glucose D. Ribose

B

Hydrogen ion concentration (pH) in blood is usually determined by means of which of the following electrodes? A. Silver B. Glass C. Platinum D. Platinum-lactate

B

Ingestion of viable larvae in improperly cooked pork could lead to human infestations with which organism? A. Taenia saginata B. Trichinella spiralis C. Hymenolepis diminuta D. Strongyloides stercoralis

B

Leukocyte-reduced blood products may be administered to reduce the risk of febrile reactions and what disease or condition? A. Graft-vs-host disease B. Cytomegalovirus C. Malaria D. Bacteremia

B

The antigen marker most closely associated with transmission of HBV infections is: A. HBsAg B. HBeAg C. HBcAg D. HBiAg

B

The measurement of light scatter is characteristic of: A. Fluorometry B. Nephelometry C. Atomic absorption D. Chemiluminescence

B

The most specific test to detect both presence of Factor V Leiden, also known as activated protein C resistance (APC) and predict risk of thrombosis is: A. Activated Protein C Resistance (APC) clot-based assay B. Factor V Mutation Assay C. ELISA assay for Factor V D. Antithrombin antigen assay

B

Thromboelastography is a point of care test which measures which of the following? A. The elasticity of the patient's vasculature B. The entire coagulation status of the patient C. The ability of platelets to change shape D. Thromboembolisms in the patient's vessels

B

San Joaquin Valley Fever

Coccidioides immitis

Anti-U antibodies can be produced by which of the following genotypes? A. M-N- B. S+s+ C. S+s- D. S-s-

D

Deviations from Beer's Law are caused by: A. Very low concentration of absorbing material B. Polychromatic light C. Very high concentrations of substance being measured in a colorimetric reaction D. Stray light

D

Fetal lung maturity can be determined from amniotic fluid because the surfactant is PRIMARILY composed of: A. Protein B. Cholesterol C. Glycerol D. Phosphatidylcholine and other phospholipids

D

HLA antibodies are responsible for which of the following transfusion reactions? A. Allergic transfusion reactions B. Transfusion-associated sepsis C. Transfusion-associated circulatory overload D. Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI)

D

In which of the following disorders would you probably observe coarse basophilic stippling on a Wright-stained peripheral blood smear? A. Hemolytic anemia B. Sideroblastic anemia C. Multiple myeloma D. Lead poisoning

D

The term TITER (as it applies to the measurement of antibodies) is best defined as: ow A. Concentration of antibody in the serum B. Maximum reactive dilution X 100 C. Maximum reactive dilution / 100 D. Reciprocal of maximum reactive dilution

D

Vaccines can be divided into the following non-experimental types with the exception of: A. Live, attenuated B. Inactivated C. Toxoid D. Recombinant vector

D

Which of the following adult parasites are found in the lungs and the eggs are most commonly recovered in sputum samples? A. Fasciola spp. B. Clonorchis sinensis C. Opisthorchis spp. D. Paragonimus spp.

D

Which of the following tests confirms the presence of Bence-Jones proteinuria: A. Protein electrophoresis B. Sulfosalicylic acid precipitation C. Cryoprecipitation D. Immunoelectrophoresis

D

Direct examination of treponemes can be performed by

Darkfield microscopy

What antibodies does ficin enhance and destroy?

Enhances Rh, Lewis, and Kidd. Destroys MNS and Duffy (Fya, Fyb)

Supravital stain

For polychromatophilic cells

Which is the first marker (antigen or antibody) which will become positive after exposure to Hepatitis B?

HbsAg

"Spelunker's Scourge". This condition occurs after a tour or work in underground caves located in the Midwest, where dust contaminated with bird and bat dung is inhaled. Select the name of the fungus from the choices shown below that causes this endemically-acquired respiratory infection.

Histoplasma capsulatum

What term is defined as the presence of arthropods in or upon a human host?

Infestation

Wilson disease

Inherited disorder that causes low serum copper and high urine copper

What is the purpose of adding citrate to donated red cell units?

It prevents coagulation

Can Gardnerella vaginalis be intracellular?

No

How is Sporothrix schenckii contracted?

Puncture or abrasion

which would lead you to consider a quantitative disorder of hemoglobin synthesis?

Target cells

Apoenzyme

The inactive enzyme portion of the holoenzyme

Which assay is performed to diagnose acute myocardial infarction

Troponin

May-Hegglin Anomaly

autosomal dominant trait disorder where neutrophils have blue-staining inclusions that resemble Dohle bodies; thrombocytopenia is also present with giant abnormal platelets

Holoenzyme

enzyme system composed of an apoenzyme and a coenzyme