Medical emergencies RQ-CH 16-20

10. Immediate management of a patient with type 1 diabetes who loses consciousness is: A. BLS, as indicated B. oxygen, via positive pressure C. administration of "sugar" orally D. administration of "sugar" transmucosally E. administration of "sugar" intravenously

A

3. The most likely candidate for thyroid hypofunction would be a: A. 70-year-old woman B. 70-year-old man C. 30-year-old woman D. 30-year-old man

A

3. Which of the following conditions associated with altered consciousness occurs predominately in females? A. Hyperthyroidism B. Hyperventilation C. Hyperglycemia D. CVA

A

4. Chronic oral complications of diabetes mellitus include: A. gingivitis B. increased incidence of dental caries C. A and B D. None of the above Q

A

7. The clinically hypothyroid patient may have: A. a large, thick tongue B. wet skin with diaphoresis C. tachycardia D. markedly depressed blood pressure

A

9. A patient who is cold and sweaty, is shaking mildly, and has an apparent degree of mental disorientation exhibits signs of: A. hypoglycemia B. hypothyroidism C. cerebrovascular accident D. hyperglycemia E. hyperthyroidism

A

1. A deficiency of thyroid hormone during early life can produce a clinical syndrome known as: A. myxedema B. cretinism C. thyrotoxicosis D. toxic goiter

B

1. Stroke is the ________ leading cause of death in the United States. A. second B. third C. fourth D. fifth

B

1. _______________ most often occurs between the ages of 20 and 40. A. Hyperventilation B. Hyperthyroidism C. Cerebrovascular disease D. Drug overdose

B

10. Severely ________________ patients may have the characteristic fruity, sweet smell of acetone on their breath. A. hypoglycemic B. hyperglycemic C. hypothyroid D. hyperthyroid

B

2. A ____________ is most likely to die from a CVA. A. white man B. black man C. white woman D. black woman

B

2. About __% of the U.S. population has diabetes mellitus. A. 3 B. 8 C. 20 D. 35

B

2. If a patient has premedicated with alcohol to the point of intoxication, dental treatment should be: A. prolonged in the hope that alcohol has worn off by the time the appointment ends B. postponed C. limited to noninvasive procedures D. limited to procedures that do not require anesthesia

B

2. Secondary thyroid failure results from diseases of the: A. thyroid gland B. pituitary gland C. hypothalamus D. corpus callosum

B

3. A study of mortality in diabetic patients reported that the greatest percentage of deaths was related to: A. cerebrovascular disorders B. cardiovascular causes C. diabetic coma D. renal failure

B

5. Hypoglycemia is most commonly caused by which of the following in diabetic patients? A. excess administration of insulin B. dietary indiscretion C. infection D. all of the above E. none of the above

B

7. Acetone on the breath (ketoacidosis) indicates: A. hypoglycemia B. hyperglycemia C. hypothyroidism D. hyperthyroidism

B

8. Hypothyroid or hyperthyroid patients who have been treated and are currently euthyroid are ASA __ risks. A. I B. II C. III D. IV

B

9. Thyroid storm is associated with: A. hypothyroidism B. hyperthyroidism C. either hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism D. neither hypothyroidism nor hyperthyroidism

B

1. Diabetes mellitus results from: A. a deficiency in insulin secretion B. a reduction in the biological effectiveness of insulin C. both A and B D. neither A nor B

C

1. The most common cause of altered consciousness in the dental environment is: A. cerebrovascular accident B. hypothyroidism C. drug overdose D. hyperglycemia E. hyperventilation

C

10. After positioning an unconscious patient with a history of hypothyroidism: A. administer an opioid B. provide an antianxiety agent C. provide BLS, as needed D. prescribe a sedative

C

2. In pediatric patients, the most likely cause of altered consciousness is: A. hyperventilation due to anxiety B. hyperglycemia due to excess ingestion of "sugar" C. hypoglycemia secondary to type 1 diabetes mellitus D. drug overdose from over-the-counter medication

C

3. ____________________ is the most common nondrug cause of altered consciousness in dentistry. A. The circadian rhythm B. Postprandial depression C. Hyperventilation D. Hypoventilation

C

4. Patients ____________ years of age make up most cases of hyperventilation. A. under 10 B. under 20 C. under 40 D. over 40

C

4. The major threat to survival of a patient who has had a CVA is: A. status asthmaticus B. recurrent CVA C. cardiovascular disease D. hypoglycemia

C

4. Which of the following is seen in myxedema coma? A. hyperthermia B. hyperventilation C. hypercapnia D. hypertension

C

6. Agitation, perspiration, and possible fine tremor of the extremities (hands) give the appearance of nervousness and are apparent in patients who are: A. hypoglycemic B. hyperthyroid C. hyperventilating D. A, B, and C E. A and C

C

6. The classic triad of diabetic symptoms includes polydipsia, polyphagia, and: A. polydactyly B. polycythemia C. polyuria D. polymorphism

C

8. A TIA may be differentiated from a CVA because: A. a TIA exhibits unilateral paresthesia, while a CVA exhibits bilateral paresthesia B. a TIA exhibits bilateral paresthesia, while a CVA exhibits unilateral paresthesia C. signs and symptoms of TIA commonly subside with 10 minutes, while a CVA continues to progress D. signs and symptoms of CVA commonly subside with 10 minutes, while a TIA continues to progress

C

8. Which of the following statements is true of CVA and TIA? A. in most cases of CVA, the victim is unconscious B. in most cases of TIA, the victim is unconscious C. most TIAs last approximately 2 to 10 minutes D. most CVAs last approximately 2 to 10 minutes

C

9. It is recommended that the conscious TIA or CVA victim be placed in a comfortable ________ position. A. prone B. supine C. semi-Fowler D. Trendelenburg

C

9. Which of the following are often observed in a hyperthyroid rather than hypothyroid patient or in the general population? A. cold intolerance B. paresthesia C. mitral valve prolapse D. A, B, and C E. A and C

C

10. Which of the following statements is/are true of diabetes mellitus? A. it is considered a disease of impaired carbohydrate utilization B. diabetes mellitus is a blood-vessel disease as well as one of carbohydrate utilization C. diabetic patients exhibit a greater incidence of cardiovascular disease than nondiabetic patients D. A, B, and C E. A and C

D

11. The respiratory rate increases when ______________ is present. A. hyperventilation B. hyperthyroidism C. hyperglycemia D. A, B, and C E. A and C

D

3. Narrowing of atherosclerotic vessels must be about __% before blood flow drops to clinically significant levels. A. 25 B. 50 C. 65 D. 80

D

5. The skin of the hyperglycemic diabetic patient is __________ to the touch. A. cold and wet B. cold and dry C. hot and wet D. hot and dry

D

5. Which of the following systemic problems may manifest clinically as altered consciousness? A. diabetes mellitus B. cerebrovascular ischemia and infarction C. thyroid gland dysfunction D. A, B, and C E. A and C

D

6. A patient who has had a CVA is routinely classified according to the ASA as type__ for 6 months. A. I B. II C. III D. IV

D

6. Clinically, hyperthyroidism may be characterized by: A. an unusual sensitivity to catecholamines B. a lump or bump on the patient's neck C. an unusual sensitivity to opioids and other CNS depressants D. A and B E. B and C

D

6. Hypoglycemia is manifested by: A. a cold, wet appearance B. a hot, dry, florid appearance C. mental confusion D. A and C E. B and C

D

7. Tingling, a "cool" sensation about the mouth, finger-tips, and toes, that may progress to carpopedal tetany are noted in which of the following? A. bronchospasm B. allergy to Lidocaine C. local anesthetic overdose D. hyperventilation E. acute pulmonary edema

D

8. Classically, hypoglycemia presents as: A. coma B. hyperthermia C. asymptomatic—laboratory diagnosis only D. tachycardia, cold clammy skin, anxiety, or sleepiness

D

8. Hypothyroidism is associated with: A. restlessness B. nervousness C. irritability D. fatigue

D

9. ______________ is most commonly associated with signs of mental confusion and bizarre behavioral patterns that may lead to a suspicion of alcohol or other drug use. A. Hyperthyroidism B. Hypothyroidism C. Hyperglycemia D. Hypoglycemia

D

12. Elevated blood pressure is associated with: A. hyperthyroidism B. hyperglycemia C. hyperventilation D. A, B, and C E. A and C

E

4. Which of the following causes of altered consciousness are accompanied by a gradual onset of clinical manifestations? A. hypoglycemia B. hyperglycemia C. hyperthyroidism D. A and B E. B and C

E

5. Hyperthyroidism may be characterized by: ???? A. unexplained weight gain B. unexplained weight loss C. ravenous appetite D. A and C E. B and C

E

5. Which of the following is the most significant risk factor in predicting stroke? A. oral contraceptives B. hyperlipidemia C. diabetes mellitus D. heart disease E. high blood pressure

E

7. An abrupt onset of signs and symptoms are clinical manifestations of CVAs associated with: A. embolism B. infarction C. hemorrhage D. A, B, and C E. A and C

E

7. Which of the following problems does the following scenario describe? The patient is hot and dry to the touch and has a florid complexion, increased frequency of urination, increased thirst, and loss of weight with an increased appetite. A. hypothyroidism B. hyperthyroidism C. acute adrenal insufficiency D. hypoglycemia E. hyperglycemia

E