meds 1-10 top 200

What class is losartan and what is it used for? What are important points?

Class: Angiotensin II receptor agonist. indication: treat HTN and CHF. DO NOT USE SALT SUBSTITUES CHECK BP BEFORE ADMINISTRATION ASSESS FOR SIGNS OF CHF AND ANGIOEDEMA

A nurse is teaching a client about the adverse effects of omeprazole. Which of the following client statements indicates an understanding of the teaching? A. "If I experience severe diarrhea, I will call my doctor." B. "Pneumonia is associated with long-term use of this medication." C. "I will need to take this medication with food." D. "I should take vitamin B12 while using this medication." Check Answer Question Feedback Show Explanation

Correct Answer: A. "If I experience severe diarrhea, I will call my doctor." Clients who experience diarrhea while taking omeprazole or other proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) should report this finding to the provider immediately. Omeprazole and other PPIs are associated with a dose-related increase in the risk of infection with Clostridium difficile, which is a bacterium that can cause severe diarrhea. Incorrect Answers:B. The client's risk of pneumonia is limited to the first few days of using PPIs. After that period, the risk of pneumonia is no higher than in clients who do not use the medication. C. The nurse should instruct the client to take this medication before a meal and preferably in the morning for absorption. D. Omeprazole does not cause a deficiency in vitamin B12. However, this medication can cause a deficiency in magnesium, especially with long-term use.

A nurse is planning to administer diltiazem via IV bolus to a client who has atrial fibrillation. When assessing the client, the nurse should recognize that which of the following findings is a contraindication to administration of diltiazem? A. Hypotension B. Tachycardia C. Decreased level of consciousness D. History of diuretic use

Correct Answer: A. Hypotension Diltiazem can be a treatment option for essential hypertension. This medication will lower blood pressure and is contraindicated for a client who is hypotensive. The nurse should teach the client to self-monitor blood pressure and keep a record of the readings. Incorrect Answers: B. Diltiazem and other calcium channel blockers are contraindicated for use in certain conditions where bradycardia is present (e.g. second- or third-degree heart block). It is used to treat tachydysrhythmia such as atrial flutter and fibrillation and supraventricular tachycardia. C. A decreased level of consciousness is not a contraindication for diltiazem use. D. Diltiazem does not interact with diuretics, and a history of diuretic use is not a contraindication for diltiazem administration.

A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has a new prescription for lisinopril. Which of the following should the nurse include in the teaching as an adverse effect of lisinopril? A. Tongue swelling B. Low potassium level C. Runny nose D. Bruising

Correct Answer: A. Tongue swelling Angioedema is a fatal response that occurs in about 1% of clients who use ACE inhibitors such as lisinopril. Manifestations of angioedema include swelling of the tongue, lips, or pharynx. Incorrect Answers:B. ACE inhibitors Lisinopril inhibit the release of aldosterone and can cause potassium retention and hyperkalemia. C. ACE inhibitors can cause a persistent, dry, and irritating cough. A runny nose (rhinorrhea) is not an adverse effect associated with this type of medication. D. ACE inhibitors can cause adverse effects such as flushing, pruritus, and rashes. However, bruising is not an adverse effect associated with this medication.

A nurse is providing teaching to a client with hypertension and type 1 diabetes mellitus who has a new prescription for metoprolol. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching? A. "I might have difficulty recognizing when my blood sugar is low." B. "I will have a lower risk of developing an infection while I take this medication." C. "I should be concerned about losing excess weight while I take this medication." D. "I could have more problems with high blood sugar while taking this medication."

Correct Answer: A. "I might have difficulty recognizing when my blood sugar is low." Metoprolol, a beta-adrenergic blocker, is used to treat hypertension. Because it decreases the heart rate, this common manifestation of hypoglycemia can be masked, and hypoglycemia might become more difficult to recognize. The client should be taught to recognize hypoglycemia by other manifestations such as hunger, nausea, and sweating. Incorrect Answers: B. Metoprolol does not decrease the risk of an infection. C. Metoprolol can cause weight gain due to fluid retention. The client should be taught to report unexpected weight gain, edema, and coughing while taking beta-adrenergic blockers. D. Metoprolol does not extend or increase the risk of hyperglycemia. However, hypoglycemia can be prolonged while taking this medication.

A nurse is caring for a client who has been taking taken metformin for 6 months. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as an expected therapeutic effect of the medication? A. Decreased vitamin B12 levels B. Decreased blood glucose level C. Abdominal bloating and diarrhea D. Decreased LDL level

Correct Answer: B. Decreased blood glucose level A client who has taken metformin for 6 months should experience the expected therapeutic effect of a decrease in blood glucose levels. Metformin is a non-insulin medication for clients who have type 2 diabetes mellitus. Incorrect Answers:A. Metformin is an antidiabetic medication used to treat elevated blood glucose levels. It has an adverse effect of decreasing the absorption of vitamin B12 and causing a decrease in vitamin B12 levels. C. Metformin is an antidiabetic medication used to treat elevated blood glucose levels for a client who has type 2 diabetes mellitus. Metformin can cause adverse effects of abdominal bloating and diarrhea. D. A statin medication is prescribed to decrease LDL levels.

A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has type 2 diabetes mellitus and a new prescription for metformin. Which of the following adverse effects of metformin should the nurse instruct the client to watch for and report to the provider? A. Weight gain B. Myalgia C. Hypoglycemia D. Severe constipation

Correct Answer: B. Myalgia Myalgia, malaise, somnolence, and hyperventilation are manifestations of lactic acidosis, which rarely occur while taking metformin due to the blockage of lactic acid oxidation. The nurse should instruct the client to report these findings promptly to the provider. Incorrect Answers: A. Weight loss, rather than weight gain, is a common finding when beginning metformin. Sulfonylurea medications for type 2 diabetes such as glipizide and tolbutamide are likely to cause weight gain. C. Although metformin lowers blood sugar, taking it in prescribed doses as the sole medication for diabetes does not cause hypoglycemia. Other medications for type 2 diabetes such as sulfonylureas and glitazones can cause severe hypoglycemia and, when used in combination with metformin, might cause this adverse effect. D. Metformin can cause nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Constipation is not an adverse effect of metformin.

A nurse is caring for a client who has asthma and is prescribed a short-acting beta2-agonist. Which of the following should the nurse identify as the expected outcome of this medication? A. Reduces the frequency of attacks B. Reverses bronchospasm C. Prevents inflammation D. Decreases chronic manifestations

Correct Answer: B. Reverses bronchospasm The nurse should identify that the expected outcome of a short-acting beta2-agonist is reversal of bronchospasm. Short-acting beta2-agonists bind to beta2-adrenergic receptors in the lungs, resulting in relaxation of bronchial smooth muscles. Incorrect Answers:A. Reducing the frequency of attacks of asthma is achieved through the use of long-term control agents such as inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting inhaled beta2-agonists. C. Preventing inflammation is achieved through the use of inhaled corticosteroids, not short-acting beta2-agonists. D. Decreasing chronic manifestations of asthma is achieved through the use of inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting inhaled beta2-agonists.

A nurse is providing teaching to a client about a new prescription for captopril to treat hypertension. Which of the following client statements indicates an understanding of the teaching? A. "I might have a sore throat that will go away after a few days." B. "I will take this medication with food to avoid getting an upset stomach." C. "I might feel dizzy at times while taking this medication." D. "I will take ibuprofen if I get a fever while taking this medication."

Correct Answer: C. "I might feel dizzy at times while taking this medication." Hypotension and dizziness are potential adverse effects of this medication. The nurse should monitor the client's blood pressure and instruct the client to change positions slowly. Incorrect Answers:A. ACE inhibitors like captopril can cause severe neutropenia. The nurse should instruct the client to notify the provider about manifestations of infection, such as a sore throat and a fever. B. The nurse should instruct the client to take captopril either 1 hour before meals or 2 hours after meals. D. NSAIDs like ibuprofen can interfere with the effects of captopril; the nurse should instruct the client to avoid combining these medications.

What meds require liver function tests?

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors or statins require periodic liver function tests.

A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving metoprolol IV infusion. Which of the following medications should the nurse have available at the client's bedside?

The nurse should have atropine available for a client who is receiving medications that can lead to asystole or sinus bradycardia, such as beta-adrenergic blockers.

A nurse is providing information to a client who is scheduled for an exercise electrocardiography test. What should you teach the client about heart medications?

The nurse should instruct the client to speak with the provider about taking heart medication on the day of the test. Beta blockers or calcium channel blockers are typically withheld on the day of the test to allow the heart rate to increase during the stress portion.

what meds are used to treat hypertension

The nurse should recognize that beta-blockers, diuretics, ACE inhibitors, and calcium channel blockers are used to treat hypertension.

What class is and what is it used for? What are important points?

class: indications:

What class is lisinopril and what is it used for? What are important points?

class: ACE inhibitor indications: manage HTN by reducing aldosterone in the bloodstream BP BEOFRE ADMINISTRATION MONITOR FOR SIGNS OF ANGIOEDEMA ASSESS FOR SIGNS OF CHF

What class is atorvastatin and what is it used for? What are important points?

class: HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor indications: lipid lowering agent. primary prevention for coronary heart disease. prevents synthesis of cholesterol MONITOR LFT IF MUSCLE TENDERNESS DEVELOPS DURING THERAPY WITH INCREASED CPK, THIS IS INDICATIVE OF RHABDOMYLOSIS

What class is metoprolol and what is it used for? What are important points?

class: beta- adrenergic blocker indication: Treat HTN, prevent MI, manage symptomatic CHF ASSESS PULSE AND BP PRIOR PULMONARY EDEMA

What class is albuterol and what is it used for? What are important points?

class: beta2-agonist indications: bronchodilator for control and prevention of reversible airway obstruction caused by asthma or COPD WHEN USED WITH MAOIS = HTN CRISIS MONITOR FOR PALPATIONS/ARRYTHMIAS OBSERVE FOR PARADOXICAL BRINCHOSPASM (WHEEZING)

What class is metformin and what is it used for? What are important points?

class: biguanide indications: type 2 diabetes HOLD DAY OF AND FOR 48 HR AFTER IMAGING PROCEDURE

What class is amlodipine and what is it used for? What are important points?

class: calcium channel blocker indications: treat hypertension, angina and arrythmias TAKE BP AND PULSE PRIOR TO ADMINISTRATION MONITOR ECG, I&O, AND DAILY WT.

What class is levothyroxine and what is it used for? What are important points?

class: hormone indication: Synthetic form of thyroxine (T4 ). Replacement of or supplementation to endogenous thyroid hormones. MONITOR FOR S/S OG HYPERTHYROIDISM = TOO MUCH

What class is omeprazole and what is it used for? What are important points?

class: proton pump inhibitor indication: treat GERD by decreasing gastric acid, increasing pH GIVE ON EMPY STOMACH 1 HR PRIOR AVOID NSAIDs, SMOKING, COFFEE, ALCOHOL