MedSurg Final Exam: Neuro

31 pairs of spinal nerves

12 thoracic, 5 lumbar and sacral nerves, 8 cervical, one coccygeal

Cranial nerve XII

12; controls sticking out tongue

Ischemic stroke

80% of strokes, occur when a thrombus or embolus obstructs an artery carrying blood to the brain

Olfactory nerve

Cranial nerve 1; sense of smell

Hypothalamus

body temperature control

Cerebrospinal fluid

cushions the brain and spinal cord

Serotonin

demonstrates inhibitory action, helps control mood and sleep, inhibits pain pathways.

Decorticate posture

flexion and internal rotation of forearms and hands

Ataxia

inability to coordinate muscle movements, resulting in difficulty walking

Agnosia

inability to recognize objects through a particular sensor system

Wernickes

language comprehension

Cerebellum

maintain balance and controls fine movements

Electromyogram

method of recording in graphic form the electrical activity of the muscle

Absence seizure

more common in children, brief loss of consciousness during which physical activity ceases. Person stares blankly; eyelids flutter; lips move; and slight movement of the head,arms and legs occur. Last for a few seconds

Clonus

occurs when the foot is abruptly dorsiflexed

Frontal lobe

responsible for concentration and abstract thought

Facial nerve

salivation, tearing, taste and sensation in the ear, controls closing eye

Brocas

speech formation, speaking ability

Cranial nerve XI

spinal or accessory nerve responsible for head and shoulder and shoulder movement

Acoustic cranial nerve

tested by listening to a ticking watch

Cranial nerve V

trigeminal nerve responsible for sensation to the face and chewing