Med/Surg Prep U ch. 39, 40, 41, 42

During a routine physical examination on a 75-year-old female client, a nurse notes that the client is 5 feet, 3/8 inches (1.6 m) tall. The client states, "How is that possible? I was always 5 feet and 1/2? (1.7 m) tall." Which statement is the best response by the nurse?

"After menopause, the body's bone density declines, resulting in a gradual loss of height."

The client displays manifestations of compartment syndrome. The nurse expects the client to be scheduled for:

A fasciotomy

A patient had a total hip replacement. What recommended leg position should the nurse ensure is maintained to prevent prosthesis dislocation?

Abduction

The post-amputation client is seen by the home health nurse. One client outcome included preventing exposure to infection. Which finding would indicate to the nurse that this outcome was met?

Absence of fever

The nurse is caring for a client with a hip fracture. The physician orders the client to start taking a bisphosphonate. Which medication would the nurse document as given?

Alendronate

A patient is diagnosed with osteogenic sarcoma. What laboratory studies should the nurse monitor for the presence of elevation?

Alkaline phosphate

Which medication taken by the client in the previous 24 hours would be of greatest concern to the nurse caring for a client undergoing a bone biopsy?

Asprin

An important nursing assessment, post fracture, is to evaluate neurovascular status. Therefore, the nurse should check for:

Capillary refill

Which nursing assessment finding would be indicative of compartment syndrome in the client with a cast applied to the left forearm 3 hours earlier?

Capillary refill of left fingers greater than 3 seconds

Which group is at the greatest risk for osteoporosis?

Caucasian women

What is the term for a rhythmic contraction of a muscle?

Clonus

Which assessment findings would cause the nurse to suspect compartment syndrome after casting of the leg?

Complaints of numbness and tingling in toes of affected leg

Which would be contraindicated as a component of self-care activities for the client with a cast?

Cover the cast with plastic to insulate it

Which general nursing measure is used for a client with a fracture reduction?

Encourage participation in ADLs

In which deformity does the great toe deviate laterally?

Hallux valgus

A nurse notices a client lying on the floor at the bottom of the stairs. He's alert and oriented and states that he fell down several stairs. He denies pain other than in his arm, which is swollen and appears deformed. After calling for help, what should the nurse do?

Immobilize the client's arm.

Where the nurse would assess for kyphosis?

Kyphosis is an increased convexity or roundness of the spine's thoracic curve.

Which term refers to mature compact bone structures that form concentric rings of bone matrix?

Lamellae

Which term refers to the failure of fragments of a fractured bone to heal together?

Nonunion

The nurse is performing an assessment for a patient who may have peripheral neurovascular dysfunction. What signs does the patient present with that indicate circulation is impaired? (Select all that apply.)

Pale, cyanotic, or mottled color Cool temperature of the extremity More than 3-second capillary refill

Which nerve is being assessed when the nurses asks the client to dorsiflex the ankle and extend the toes?

Peroneal

A nurse is caring for a client who's experiencing septic arthritis. This client has a history of immunosuppressive therapy and his immune system is currently depressed. Which assignment is the most appropriate for the nurse caring for this client?

The nurse is caring for this client on the intensive care unit

A nurse is planning discharge teaching regarding exercise for a client at risk for osteoporosis. Which of the following exercises would be appropriate?

Walking

Which statement describes paresthesia?

abnormal secretions

A hip spica cast:

encloses the trunk and a lower extremity.

A nurse suspects that a client with a recent fracture has compartment syndrome. Assessment findings may include:

inability to perform active movement and pain with passive movement.

A fracture is considered pathologic when it

occurs through an area of diseased bone.

The nurse is educating a client with low back pain on proper lifting techniques. The nurse recognizes that the education was effective when the client

places the load close to the body.

The nurse is conducting an admission history of a client admitted with a fracture. The nurse recognizes that which of the client's medications placed the client at risk for fractures?

prednisone (Deltasone)

A client has had surgical repair of a hip injury after joint manipulation was unsuccessful. After surgery, the nurse implements measures to prevent complications. Which complications is the nurse seeking to prevent? Select all that apply.

skin breakdown wound infection pneumonia

Following a total knee replacement, the surgeon orders a continuous passive motion (CPM) device. The client asks about the purpose of this treatment. The best response by the nurse is:

"CPM increases range of motion of the joint."

A client undergoes a total hip replacement. Which statement made by the client indicates to the nurse that the client requires further teaching?

"I don't know if I'll be able to get off that low toilet seat at home by myself."

The nurse is admitting a client who is to undergo an open reduction with internal fixation for a fractured femur. About which comment by the client should the nurse be most concerned?

"I was worried I would have an incision and scar."

A client diagnosed with a right ulnar fracture asks why the cast needs to go all the way up the arm. What is the best response by the nurse?

"The joint above the fracture and below the fracture must be immobilized."

The older client asks the nurse how best to maintain strong bones. The best response by the nurse is:

"Weight-bearing exercises can strengthen bones."

The nurse is preparing the client for computed tomography. Which information should be given by the nurse?

"You must remain very still during the procedure."

A client with osteoporosis is prescribed calcitonin (Miacalcin) 100 units subcutaneously. The medication is available 200 units per ml. How many milliliters will the nurse administer to the client?

0.5

Which medication classification is prescribed when allergy is a factor causing the skin disorder?

Antihistamines

Which is useful in identifying acute or chronic tears of the joint capsule or supporting ligaments of the knee, shoulder, ankle, hip, or wrist?

Arthrography

A patient is scheduled for a procedure that will allow the physician to visualize the knee joint in order to diagnose the patient's pain. What procedure will the nurse prepare the patient for?

Arthroscopy

The nurse is preparing a client for a surgical procedure that will allow visualization of the extent of joint damage of the knee for a client with rheumatoid arthritis and also obtain a sample of synovial fluid. What procedure will the nurse prepare the client for?

Arthroscopy

The nurse would include which of the following in a neurological assessment

Ask the client to plantar flex the toes.

A client has a Fiberglass cast on the right arm. Which action should the nurse include in the care plan?

Assessing movement and sensation in the fingers of the right hand

Emergency medical technicians transport a client to the emergency department. They tell the nurse, "He fell from a two-story building. He has a large contusion on his left chest and a hematoma in the left parietal area. He has a compound fracture of his left femur and he's comatose. We intubated him and he's maintaining an arterial oxygen saturation of 92% by pulse oximeter with a manual-resuscitation bag." Which intervention by the nurse has the highest priority?

Assessing the left leg

Which action would be most important postoperatively for a client who has had a knee or hip replacement?

Assisting in early ambulation.

A client who has sustained a fracture reports an increase in pain and decreased function of the affected extremity. The nurse would suspect which of the following?

Avascular necrosis

Which is not a risk factor for osteoporosis?

Being male

A group of students is reviewing information about cast composition in preparation for a discussion on the advantages and disadvantages of each. The students demonstrate understanding of the topic when they cite which of the following as an advantage of a plaster cast?

Better molding to the client

What food can the nurse suggest to the client at risk for osteoporosis?

Broccoli

The client is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of left femoral neck fracture. Which treatment modality would the nurse expect the physician to order?

Buck's traction

A patient tells the physician about shoulder pain that is present even without any strenuous movement. The physician identifies a sac filled with synovial fluid. What condition should the nurse educate the patient about?

Bursitis

Which medication directly inhibits osteoclasts, thereby reducing bone loss and increasing bone mass density (BMD)?

Calcitonin

Which medication directly inhibits osteoclasts, thereby reducing bone loss and increasing BMD?

Calcitonin (Miacalcin)

An x-ray demonstrates a fracture in which a bone has splintered into several pieces. Which type of fracture is this?

Comminuted

A client sustains a fractured right humerus in an automobile accident. The arm is edematous, the client states that he cannot feel or move his fingers, and the nurse does not feel a pulse. What condition should the nurse be concerned about that requires emergency measures?

Compartment syndrome

Which is a neurovascular problem caused by pressure within a muscle area that increases to such an extent that microcirculation diminishes?

Compartment syndrome

Which would be consistent as a component of self-care activities for the client with a cast?

Cushion rough edges of the cast with tape

A client has a cast applied to the leg for treatment of a tibia fracture and also has a wound on the leg that requires dressing changes due to drainage. For what should the nurse prepare the client?

Cutting a cast window

The nurse working in the emergency department receives a call from the x-ray department communicating that the client the nurse is caring for has a fracture in the shaft of the tibia. The nurse tells the physician that the client's fracture is in the

Diaphysis

Which of the following would lead a nurse to suspect that a client has a rotator cuff tear?

Difficulty lying on affected side

A client who suffers an injury in a local high school hockey game presents with left shoulder pain. The client cannot move the left arm, and the left shoulder is lower than the right shoulder. The nurse recognizes the client most likely has a:

Dislocated shoulder

Which of the following disorders results in widespread hemorrhage and microthrombosis with ischemia?

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)

A patient sustained an open fracture of the femur 24 hours ago. While assessing the patient, the nurse observes the patient is having difficulty breathing, and oxygen saturation decreases to 88% from a previous 99%. What does the nurse understand is likely occurring with this patient?

Fat emboli

The client with a fractured left humerus reports dyspnea and chest pain. Pulse oximetry is 88%. Temperature is 100.2 degrees Fahrenheit (38.5 degrees Centigrade); heart rate is 110 beats per minute; respiratory rate is 32 breaths per minute. The nurse suspects the client is experiencing:

Fat embolism syndrome

A patient has had a stroke and is unable to move the right upper and lower extremity. During assessment the nurse picks up the arm and it is limp and without tone. How would the nurse document this finding?

Flaccidity

The nurse notes that the client's left great toe deviates laterally. This finding would be recognized as which condition?

Hallux valgus

A client has come to the clinic with foot pain. The physician has described the client's condition as a flexion deformity of the proximal interphalangeal joint. What is the name of this disorder?

Hammer toe

A patient in pelvic traction needs circulatory status assessed. How should the nurse assess for a positive Homans' sign?

Have the patient extend each leg and dorsiflex each foot to determine if pain or tenderness is present in the lower leg.

Pelvic fractures have a high mortality rate. The nurse knows to be conscientious in assessing for the two most serious complications. What are those complications?

Hemorrhage and shock

The provider asks a nurse to test a patient for Tinel's sign to diagnose carpal tunnel syndrome. The nurse asked the patient to:

Hold his palm up while the nurse percussed over the median nerve.

Which assessment finding would cause the nurse to suspect compartment syndrome in the client following a bone biopsy?

Increased diameter of the calf

A client experienced an open fracture to the left femur during a horse-riding accident. For which complication is this client at highest risk?

Infection

Which is a benefit of a continuous passive motion (CPM) device when applied after knee surgery?

It promotes healing by increasing circulation and movement of the knee joint.

The nurse is caring for a client with a spica cast. A priority nursing intervention is to:

Keep the cast clean and dry.

A client undergoes hip-pinning surgery to treat an intertrochanteric fracture of the right hip. The nurse should include which intervention in the postoperative care plan?

Keeping a pillow between the client's legs at all times

A patient visits an orthopedic specialist because of pain that he feels beginning in his low back and radiating behind his right thigh and down below his right knee. The doctor suspects a diagnosis of sciatica. The nurse knows that the origin of the pain is between these intervertebral disks:

L4, L5, and S1

Which assessment findings would the nurse expect in a client diagnosed with osteomyelitis?

Leukocytosis and localized bone pain

Which factor inhibits fracture healing?

Local malignancy

The human body has 206 bones, which are classified into four categories. Which types of bones are the femur and ulna?

Long Bones

The nurse teaches the client which intervention to avoid hip dislocation after replacement surgery?

Never cross the affected leg when seated

The nurse is caring for a client with an external fixator that requires pin care twice a day. The nurse observes that there is a new purulent drainage around one of the pins. What intervention should the nurse anticipate doing?

Obtaining a culture

A client's fracture was reduced by surgically exposing the bone and realigning it. The nurse identifies this as which of the following?

Open reduction

An instructor is describing the process of bone development. Which of the following would the instructor describe as being responsible for the process of ossification?

Osteoblasts

Which serum level indicates the rate of bone turnover?

Osteocalcin

Which cells are involved in bone resorption?

Osteoclasts

Which of the following is the most common and most fatal primary malignant bone tumor?

Osteogenic sarcoma (osteosarcoma)

A variety of complications can occur after a leg amputation. Which is not a possibility in the immediate postoperative period?

Osteomyelitis

Which of the following are clinical manifestations of impingement syndrome? Select all that apply.

Pain Shoulder tenderness Limited movement Muscle spasms Atrophy

A patient comes to the clinic and informs the nurse of numbness, tingling, and a burning sensation in the arm from the elbow down to the fingers. What type of symptom would this be documented as?

Paresthesia

A client with metastatic bone cancer sustained a left hip fracture without injury. What type of fracture does the nurse understand occurs without trauma or fall?

Pathologic fracture

The nurse is caring for a client following foot surgery. Which nursing intervention is most important for the nurse to include in the nursing care plan?

Perform neuromuscular assessment every hour.

Which of the following presents with an onset of heel pain with the first steps of the morning?

Plantar fasciitis

Red bone marrow produces which of the following? Select all that apply.

Platelets White blood cells (WBCs) Red blood cells (RBCs)

A 75-year-old client had surgery for a left hip fracture yesterday. When completing the plan of care, the nurse should include assessment for which complications? Select all that apply.

Pneumonia Skin breakdown Sepsis Delirium

The nurse recognizes that goal of treatment for metastatic bone cancer is to:

Promote pain relief and quality of life

Which of the following positions should be avoided in severe back pain?

Prone

Which action by the nurse would be inappropriate for the client following casting?

Protect the cast by covering with a sheet.

A client with a traumatic amputation of the right lower leg is refusing to look at the leg. Which action by the nurse is most appropriate?

Provide feedback on the client's strengths and available resources.

The nurse is caring for a patient who had a total hip replacement. What lethal postoperative complication should the nurse closely monitor for?

Pulmonary embolism

The nurse is educating the patient with low back pain about the proper way to lift objects. What muscle should the nurse encourage the patient to maximize?

Quadriceps

A client has Paget's disease. An appropriate nursing diagnosis for this client is:

Risk for Falls

The nurse is caring for a client who lives alone and had a total knee replacement. An appropriate nursing diagnosis for the client is:

Risk for ineffective therapeutic regimen management

Which of the following is an appropriate priority nursing diagnosis for the client following an arthrocentesis?

Risk for infection

Which of the following musculoskeletal injuries is manifested by acromioclavicular joint pain?

Rotator cuff tears

What is the term for a lateral curving of the spine?

Scoliosis

A 19-year-old patient presents to the emergency room with an injury to her left ankle that occurred during a high school basketball game. She complains of limited motion and pain on walking, which increased over the last 2 hours. The nurse knows that her diagnosis is most likely which of the following?

Second-degree sprain

Which statement reflects the progress of bone healing?

Serial x-rays are used to monitor the progress of bone healing.

A client undergoes an invasive joint examination of the knee. The nurse would closely monitor the client for which of the following?

Serous drainage

Which type of gait correlates with Parkinson's disease?

Shuffling

The nurse working in the orthopedic surgeon's office is asked to schedule a shoulder arthrography. The nurse determines that the surgeon suspects which finding?

Tear in the joint capsule

A client has been treated for migraine headaches for several months and comes to the clinic stating he is getting no better. The nurse is talking with the client and hears an audible click when the client is moving his jaw. What does the nurse suspect may be happening?

Temporomandibular disorder

A 16-year-old patient is seen in the emergency room for a knee injury that happened during a basketball game. Diagnostic tests reveal torn cords of fibrous connective tissue that connect muscles to bones. The nurse knows that the patient had sustained a tear of the:

Tendon

Which statement is accurate regarding care of a plaster cast?

The cast can be dented while it is damp.

Which is not a guideline for avoiding hip dislocation after replacement surgery.

The hip may be flexed to put on clothing such as pants, stockings, socks, or shoes.

The nurse assesses soft subcutaneous nodules along the line of the tendons in a patient's hand and wrist. What does this finding indicate to the nurse?

The patient has rheumatoid arthritis.

A nurse is teaching a female client about preventing osteoporosis. Which teaching point is correct?

The recommended daily allowance of calcium may be found in a wide variety of foods

A client with low back pain is being seen in the clinic. In planning care, which teaching point should the nurse include?

Use the large muscles of the leg when lifting items.

A client is recovering from a fractured hip. The nurse would suggest that the client increase intake of which of the following to facilitate calcium absorption from food and supplements?

Vitamin D

Which of the following may occur if a client experiences compartment syndrome in an upper extremity?

Volkmann's contracture

The nurse teaches the client with a high risk for osteoporosis about risk-lowering strategies, including which action?

Walk or perform weight-bearing exercises

The nurse is checking the traction apparatus for a client in skin traction. Which finding would require the nurse to intervene?

Weights hanging and touching the floor

While reading a client's chart, the nurse notices that the client is documented to have paresthesia. The nurse plans care for a client with

abnormal sensations.

The nurse is performing a musculoskeletal assessment of a client in a nursing home who had a stroke 2 years ago and who has right-sided hemiplegia. The nurse notes that the girth of the client's right calf is 2 inches less in diameter than the left calf. The nurse attributes the decreased girth to

atrophy of right calf muscle.

A client has experienced increasing pain and progressing inflammation of the hands and feet. The rheumatologist has prescribed NSAID use to treat the condition. What client education is most important for the nurse to address with the use of these medications?

common adverse effects

An x-ray demonstrates a fracture in which the fragments of bone are driven inward. This type of fracture is referred to as

depressed

To help minimize calcium loss from a hospitalized client's bones, the nurse should:

encourage the client to walk in the hall.

A client is brought to the emergency department after being struck with a baseball bat on the upper arm while diving for a pitched ball. Diagnostic tests reveal that the humerus is not broken but that the client has suffered another type of injury. What type of injury would the physician likely diagnose?

Contusion

The client who had a total hip replacement was discharged home and developed acute groin pain in the affected leg, shortening of the leg, and limited movement of the fractured leg. The nurse interprets these findings as indicating which of the following complications?

Dislocation of the hip

The nurses instructs the client not to cross their legs and to have someone assist with tying their shoes. Which additional instruction should the nurse provide to client?

Do not flex the hip more than 90 degrees.

A client with arterial insufficiency undergoes below-knee amputation of the right leg. Which action should the nurse include in the postoperative care plan?

Elevating the stump for the first 24 hours

Which nursing intervention is appropriate for a client with a closed-reduction extremity fracture?

Encourage participation in ADLs

A client with a fractured ankle is having a fiberglass cast applied. The client starts yelling, "My leg is burning, take it off." What action by the nurse is most appropriate?

Explain that the sensation being felt is normal and will not burn the client.

The nurse is caring for a patient with bone metastasis from a primary breast cancer. The patient complains of muscle weakness and nausea and is voiding large amounts frequently. Cardiac dysrhythmias are observed on the telemetry monitor. What should the nurse suspect based on these clinical manifestations?

Hypercalcemia

Radiographic evaluation of a client's fracture reveals that a bone fragment has been driven into another bone fragment. The nurse identifies this as which type of fracture?

Impacted

Which nursing diagnosis is the most appropriate for a client with a strained ankle?

Impaired physical mobility

A female client is at risk for developing osteoporosis. Which action will reduce the client's risk?

Initiating weight-bearing exercise routines

A nurse practitioner provides health teaching to the family of a 75-year-old woman who has trouble walking independently. The nurse reviews age-related changes to the musculoskeletal system with the family. Which of the following statements would the nurse include in her teaching? Select all that apply.

Intervertebral discs become thin. Muscles atrophy. Muscle fibrosis increases. Collagen increases

A client who was in a motor vehicle crash is diagnosed with a stable T7 spinal fracture with no neurologic deficits. Which nursing intervention should the nurse implement?

Maintain bed rest with the head of the bed at 20 degrees.

Which common problem of the upper extremity results from entrapment of the median nerve at the wrist?

Carpal tunnel syndrome

A client is admitted to the emergency room after being hit by a car while riding a bicycle. The client sustained a fracture of the left femur, and the bone is protruding through the skin. What type of fracture does the nurse recognize requires emergency intervention?

Compound

A client comes to the Emergency Department complaining of localized pain and swelling of his lower leg. Ecchymotic areas are noted. History reveals that the client got hit in the leg with a baseball bat. Which of the following would the nurse suspect as most likely?

Contusion

A client is experiencing muscle weakness in the upper extremities. The client raises an arm above the head but then loses the ability to maintain the position. Muscular dystrophy is suspected. Which diagnostic test would evaluate muscle weakness or deterioration?

An electromyography

Which would be an inappropriate initial pain relief measure for the client with a cast?

Application of a new cast

A client has undergone arthroscopy. After the procedure, the site where the arthroscope was inserted is covered with a bulky dressing. The client's entire leg is also elevated without flexing the knee. What is the appropriate nursing intervention required in caring for a client who has undergone arthroscopy?

Apply a cold pack at the insertion site.

A client was playing softball and was hit in the right ankle by the ball sustaining a contusion. What is the first action taken to help alleviate pain and swelling?

Apply a cold pack to the ankle.

When providing discharge teaching to a client with a fractured toe, the nurse should include which instruction?

Apply ice to the fracture site.

A client's cast is removed. The client is worried because the skin appears mottled and is covered with a yellowish crust. What advice should the nurse give the client to address the skin problem?

Apply lotions and take warm baths or soaks.

During a general musculoskeletal assessment, which of the following would help the nurse determine the client's muscle strength?

Applying force to the client's extremity as the client pushes against that force.

A client presents to the emergency department with an open fracture. What is the first action the nurse should take?

Cover the exposed bone with sterile dressing.

The patient presents to the emergency room with an open fracture of the femur. Which action would the nurse implement to prevent the most serious complication of an open fracture?

Cover the wound with a sterile dressing to prevent infection.

The nurse is caring for a client who sustained rib fractures in an automobile accident. What symptoms does the nurse recognize as a complication of rib fractures and should immediately be reported to the physician?

Crackles in the lung bases

A client who has fallen and injured a hip cannot place weight on the leg and is in significant pain. After radiographs indicate intact but malpositioned bones, what would the physician diagnose?

Dislocation

Which term refers to a flexion deformity caused by a slowly progressive contracture of the palmar fascia?

Dupuytren contracture

The nurse is performing a neurovascular assessment of a client's injured extremity. Which of the following would the nurse report?

Dusky or mottled skin color

A patient is diagnosed with a fracture of a diarthrosis joint. The nurse knows that an example of this type of joint is the:

Elbow

The client with a fractured femur is upset and agitated that skeletal traction will be necessary for 6 to 8 weeks. The client states, "How can I stay like this for weeks? I can't even move!" Based on these statements, the nurse would identify which of the following as the most appropriate nursing diagnosis?

Ineffective Coping related to prolonged immobility

The nurse is caring for a patient who sustained an open fracture of the right femur in an automobile accident. What does the nurse understand is the most serious complication of an open fracture?

Infection

Which intervention should the nurse implement with the client who has undergone a hip replacement?

Instruct the client to avoid internal rotation of the leg.

The client presents with an exaggeration of the lumbar spine curve. The nurse interprets these findings as indicative of:

Lordosis

Which of the following deformity causes a exaggerated curvature of the lumbar spine?

Lordosis

The nurse is employed at a long-term care facility caring for geriatric clients. Which assessment finding is characteristic of an age-related change?

Loss of height

Which area of the spinal column is subject to the greatest mechanical stress and degenerative changes?

Lower lumbar

A client has undergone an external fixation. Which actions would be the priority for this client?

Maintaining pin care.

The nurse is caring for a client who has a deficiency in the formation of cartilage in joints. Which essential substance is absent?

Matrix

Which intervention should the nurse implement when caring for the client who complains of phantom limb pain two months after amputation?

Reassure the client that phantom pain is common.

The hospice nurse is assigned to care for a patient with metastatic bone cancer who wants to remain at home. What is the therapeutic goal in the care of this patient?

Relieve pain and discomfort while promoting quality of life.

Which of the following is the final stage of fracture repair?

Remodeling

A client is about to have a cast applied to his left arm. The nurse would alert the client to which of the following as the cast is applied?

Sensation of warmth or heat with application

Arthrodesis is:

fusion of a joint (most often the wrist or knee) for stabilization and pain relief.

A client who has injured a hip in a fall cannot place weight on the leg and is in significant pain. After radiographs indicate intact yet malpositioned bones, what repair would the physician to perform?

joint manipulation and immobilization

A patient arrives in the emergency department with a suspected bone fracture of the right arm. How does the nurse expect the patient to describe the pain?

Sharp and piercing

Which principle applies to the client in traction?

Skeletal traction is never interrupted.

Which device is designed specifically to support and immobilize a body part in a desired position?

Splint

A patient complains of pain in the right knee, stating, "My knee got twisted when I was going down the stairs." The patient was diagnosed with an injury to the ligaments and tendons of the right knee. Which terminology, documented by the nurse, best reflects the injury?

Sprain

Which term refers to an injury to ligaments and other soft tissues surrounding a joint?

Sprain

When assessing the client for scoliosis, the nurse:

Stands behind the client and asks the client to bend forward at the waist

Most cases of osteomyelitis are caused by which microorganism?

Staphylococcus aureus

A nurse practitioner assesses a patient's movement in his left hand after a cast is removed. The nurse asks the patient to turn his wrist so the palm of his hand is facing up. This movement is known as:

Supination

A patient is having low back pain. What position can the nurse suggest to relieve this discomfort?

Supine, with the knees slightly flexed and the head of the bed elevated 30 degrees

The nurse advises a patient that the best position to ease low back pain is:

Supine, with the knees slightly flexed and the head of the bed elevated 30 degrees.

In chronic osteomyelitis, antibiotics are adjunctive therapy in which situation?

Surgical debridement

Morton neuroma is exhibited by which clinical manifestation?

Swelling of the third (lateral) branch of the median plantar nerve

Skull sutures are an example of which type of joint?

Synarthrosis

The nurse is preparing a client to have his cast cut off after having it for 6 weeks to treat a fractured tibia. What should the nurse inform the client prior to the cast being removed?

The skin may be covered with a yellowish crust that will shed in a few days.

Identify descriptors of the pathophysiologic process seen in osteomalacia. Select all that apply.

There is a deficiency of activated vitamin D (calcitriol). Calcium and phosphate are not moved to the bones. The bone mass is structurally weaker, and bone deformities occur.

For which of the following immobility-related complications is the client in traction at risk? Select all that apply.

Thromboemboli Urinary stasis

A client has severe osteoarthritis in the left hip and is having surgery to replace both articular surfaces of the hip. What type of surgical procedure will the nurse prepare the client for?

Total arthroplasty

Which laboratory study is most relevant to treating a client who has sustained a pelvic fracture?

Type and crossmatch

The nurse has educated a patient with low back pain about techniques to relieve the back pain and prevent further complications. What statement by the patient shows understanding of the education the nurse provided?

"I will avoid prolonged sitting or walking."

When discussing physical activities with the client who has just undergone a right total hip replacement, which instruction should the nurse provide?

"Limit hip flexion to 90 degrees."

A nursing student asks the nurse why older adults are at risk for falls. The best response by the nurse is:

"Muscles atrophy with aging."

A client with a sports injury undergoes a diagnostic arthroscopy of the left knee. Which of the following comments by the client following the procedure should the nurse address first?

"My toes are numb."

A client has a plaster cast applied to the left leg. Which of the following comments by the client following the procedure should the nurse address first?

"My toes are stiff."

An older adult patient had a hip replacement. When should the patient begin with assisted ambulation with a walker?

"The client is receiving physical therapy twice per day, so he doesn't need a continuous passive motion device."

The nurse is providing instructions to the client who is being prepared for skeletal traction. Which statement by the client indicates teaching was effective?

"Metal pins will go through my skin to the bone."