Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction AP BIOLOGY

How are spores produced in alternation of generation life cycles?

Through meiosis

There are three sources of genetic variation in sexual reproduction. Which is not considered random?

All are random

Which type of life cycle has both a haploid and a diploid multicellular stage?

Alternation of generations

At which stage of meiosis are sister chromatids separated from each other?

Anaphase 2

Reproductive cells in most species are different from the cells that make up the rest of the organism. What are the "body" cells called and how are they different from the reproductive cells?

Body cells are called somatic cells and have double the number of chromosomes found in reproductive cells.

At metaphase 1, homologous chromosomes are connected only at what structures?

Chiasmata

Which three processes lead to variation among offspring that have the same two parents?

Fertilization, crossing over, random chromsome assortment

How many and what type of daughter cells does meiosis produce?

Four haploid

What is a haploid cells produced in a diploid-dominant organism by meiosis called?

Gamete

What is a disadvantage of sexual reproduction over asexual forms of reproduction?

Half the population is capable of carrying offspring.

Fungi typically display which type of life cycle?

Haploid-dominant

What part of meiosis is most similar to mitosis?

Meiosis 2

Though the stages of meiosis have the same names as the stages of mitosis, they exhibit fundamental differences. What are the main differences between the two processes?

Meiosis differs from mitosis in that the number of chromosomes is halved and genetic variation is introduced in meiosis, but not in mitosis.

During which phase does the second round of genetic variation occur during meiosis?

Metaphase I

Which of the following distinguishes metaphase 1 from metaphase 2?

Metaphase I occurs when homologous chromosome pairs align on the metaphase plate. Metaphase II has sister chromatids of chromosomes aligned at the metaphase plate.

What is a source of variation in asexual reproduction?

Mutation of DNA

Describe what happens to the tetrads after they form?

Prophase I of meiosis forms the tetrads. They line up at the midway point between the two poles of the cell to form the metaphase plate. There is equal chance of a microtubule fiber to encounter a maternally or a paternally inherited chromosome. Orientation of each tetrad is independent of the orientation of other tetrads.

What is a likely evolutionary advantage of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction?

Sexual reproduction results in variation in the offspring

Which of the following is not true during crossing over?

Spindle microtubules guide the movement of chromsomal material

What structure is most important in forming the tetrads?

Synaptonemal complex