Meiosis LearnSmart
During _________ I of meiosis, bivalents are pulled toward opposite poles of the cell, i.e. they are segregated.
Anaphase
Meiosis I sorting separates which of these?
Homologous chromosomes
Which of these is one of the significant results of meiosis?
It creates haploid gametes for sexual reproduction.
Crossing over is best described as which of these?
It involves a physical exchange of chromosome segments in the tetrad.
Crossing over during prophase occurs commonly in
Meiosis I
Bivalent formation and crossing over are two key events that typically occur at the beginning of which of these?
Meiosis
Identify the type of cell division that creates four haploid cells.
Meiosis
The bivalents are organized along the metaphase plate, with the sister chromatids randomly aligned in a double row. What phase of cell division is described here?
Metaphase of meiosis I
During metaphase I of meiosis, the bivalents are organized along the _____ ______. In particular, the sister chromatids are randomly aligned in a double row rather than in a single row as in mitosis.
Metaphase plate
In this phase of meiosis I, the complete breakdown of the nuclear envelope and complete formation of the spindle apparatus occur.
Prometaphase
n mitosis, a pair of sister chromatids is attached to both poles while in meiosis I a pair of sister chromatids is attached to just one pole via kinetochore microtubules. What phase is described here?
Prometaphase
The formation of bivalents and subsequent crossing over occur in what phase of meiosis?
Prophase I
When does crossing over typically occur?
Prophase of meiosis I
What metaphase I event provides a mechanism for vast genetic diversity?
Random alignment
A pair of sister chromatids is attached to kinetochore microtubules from both poles in prometaphase of meiosis ________.
2
How many chromosomes does a human gamete possess?
23
Which of these is the process by which homologues exchange chromosome segments at the beginning of meiosis to increase genetic variability in offspring?
Anaphase 1
During which phase of meiosis I are bivalents segregated?
Anaphase I
The homologous pairs of chromatids move to opposite poles during which phase of meiosis?
Anaphase I
Which of the following statements describe meiosis I?
Chromosome pairs are separated. & Bivalents are formed. & Genetic diversity is generated.
What process involves a physical exchange between chromosome segments of the bivalent?
Crossing over
Which of these is the process by which homologues exchange chromosome segments at the beginning of meiosis to increase genetic variability in offspring?
Crossing over
Which two key events occur at the beginning of meiosis but not mitosis?
Crossing over and bivalent formation
Which of the following statements compare mitosis and meiosis correctly?
Crossing over occurs in meiosis but not normally in mitosis. & Sister chromatids are separated during both mitosis and meiosis.
During metaphase I of meiosis, the bivalents are organized along the metaphase plate. In particular, the sister chromatids are randomly aligned in a ______ row.
Double
True or false: Meiosis is very important because it creates diploid daughter cells for sexual reproduction.
False
During ______, homologous chromosomes align along the center of the cell as bivalents.
metaphase I
The process by which two haploid gametes unite to form a zygote is called _______ reproduction.
Sexual
The process by which two haploid gametes unite to form a zygote is called ________ reproduction.
Sexual
New individuals of a species are created by mixing genetic material from two parents in a process called
Sexual reproduction
Which type of process requires a fertilization event in which two haploid gametes unite to create a diploid cell called a zygote?
Sexual reproduction
Which of these are characteristics of meiosis II?
Sister chromatids are separated & The sorting event is similar to that of mitosis & The resulting daughter cells are haploid
What statement about mitosis and meiosis is correct?
Sister chromatids are separated both during mitosis and meiosis.
The homologs arrive at their respective poles and then decondense during which phase of meiosis?
Telophase I
True or false: Meiosis II and mitosis have similar sorting events, but different starting points.
True
Which of the following is the end result of mitosis in a diploid organism?
Two daughter cells that are diploid
The homologs arrive at their respective poles and then decondense during which phase of meiosis?
V
The sister chromatids are separated during ________ II of meiosis.
anaphase
Synapsis is the process of forming a(n) ______.
bivalent
Homologous pairs of sister chromatids associate with each other to form a
bivalent.
Crossing over rarely occurs during mitosis because during prophase of meiosis I, the homologues synapse to form
bivalents
Following cytokinesis, meiosis II produces:
four daughter cells that are haploid
A human _____ contains only 23 chromosomes.
gamete
A zygote is created when two haploid cells, called _____ fuse
gametes
Meiosis is the process by which ______ cells are produced from a cell that was originally diploid.
haploid
One of the problems with sexual reproduction is that chromosome number has to be maintained from one generation to the next generation. For that to happen, sexual reproduction requires a fertilization event in which two _____ gametes unite to create a _______ cell called a zygote.
haploid & diploid
A bivalent is formed when ______ pairs of sister chromatids associate with each other, lying side by side.
homologous
What occurs during anaphase I of meiosis?
homologous pairs of chromatids move to opposite poles
It is unlikely that any two human gametes will have the same combination of homologous chromosomes because the homologues are similar but not ______. Therefore, the random alignment of homologous chromosomes provides a mechanism for vast genetic diversity.
identical
Exchange of chromosome segments between homologues at the beginning of meiosis:
increases genetic variation in offspring
In prometaphase, there is a key difference between mitosis and meiosis I. In mitosis, a pair of sister chromatids is attached to both poles. In meiosis I a pair of sister chromatids is attached to just one pole via ______ microtubules.
kinetochore
A diploid cell divides by a process called _____ to produce haploid cells.
meiosis
The end result of _____ I is that two nuclei are produced, each with full pairs of sister chromatids; this is called a reduction division.
meiosis
The end result of _______ I is that two nuclei are produced, each with full pairs of sister chromatids; this is called a reduction division.
meiosis
The steps of _______ involve two sequential cell divisions that generate four haploid cells.
meiosis
In a certain cell, a pair of sister chromatids is attached to kinetochore microtubules from just one pole. This cell must be in:
meiosis I
The sorting that occurs during ______ separates homologues from each other.
meiosis I
The sorting events of ______ and mitosis are similar, but the starting point is different.
meiosis II
In ______ I of meiosis, the replicated chromosomes condense, the homologous chromosomes form bivalents, and crossing over occurs
prophase
Because meiosis I produces two haploid nuclei, it is called:
reduction division
During anaphase II of meiosis ______ are separated.
sister chromatids
In prometaphase I of meiosis, the nuclear envelope is completely broken down into vesicles, and the _____ apparatus is entirely formed.
spindle
Crossing over occurs commonly during meiosis but rarely during mitosis because during prophase of meiosis I, the homologues ______ to form bivalents.
synapse
Pairs of homologous chromosomes are joined during meiosis by a process termed ______.
synapsis
Pairs of homologous chromosomes are joined during meiosis by a process termed _______.
synapsis
At _____ of meiosis I, the joined pairs of sister chromatids have reached their respective poles, and they then decondense
telophase
When two haploid gametes unite, they create a diploid cell called a ____.
zygote