Merrill's Chapter 22

supination

AP projections of the forearm, humerus and elbow can be difficult to obtain in geriatric patients because ____ is often impaired by contractures, paralysis, and fractures

c

alzheimer's is the most common form of a. depression b. senility c. dementia d. ageism

b

an elderly patient often experiences ___ when going from recumbent to sitting position a. nausea b. vertigo c. fear d. depression

d

because radiographic landmarks can change with age, centering for the chest in a geriatric patient with extreme kyphosis may need to be a. more medial b. more lateral c. higher d. lower

geriatrics

branch of medicine dealing with elderly adults and problems of aging

stroke (CVA)

contractures of the upper limb are often seen in geriatric patients who have experienced a ___

osteoporosis

during spine imaging on geriatric patients, ___ is a common consideration in terms of increased discomfort and pain during positioning

c

elimination of ___ will aid in listening and communications with geriatric patients a. extraneous words b. body language c. background noise d. facial expressions

background noise

elimination of ___ will improve the listening environment of an elderly patient

wrap arms around chest stand

for the PA chest, how should the position of the upper limbs be altered to increase comfort and adapt to the abilities of the geriatric patient?

a

hearing and visual impairments associated with aging are classified as disorders of the ___ system a. sensory b. integumentary c. nervous d. musculoskeletal

osteoarthritis. osteoporosis. falls

hip pathologies are often caused by these 3 things

speak lower and closer. speak slowly, directly, and distinctly

how should the radiographer adjust his or her communication skills to accommodate an elderly patient who has hearing loss?

cross table lateral

if a geriatric patient cannot turn on his or her side for a lateral projection of the lower limb, what accommodation may be used?

upright

if the geriatric patient's safety is not compromised, obtaining spine images in the ___ position may be a more comfortable position.

upright

in the upper limb, the upright is a common site for reduced mobility and flexibility, fractures, and dislocations

c

it is important for the health care professional not only to know diseases and disorders common to specific age groups but also to know a. associated economic status b. msot popular social activities c. particular ethnic group d. effects on different genders

improves

knowledge of age related changes and disease processes ___ the radiographers needs for the elderly patient

provide assistance when there is a step up or step down. allowing rest. use of table headgrips

list 3 ways to increase security for a geriatric patient when transporting him or her from the wheelchair to the exam table

shortest exposure time

maintaining the proper position is a consideration with geriatric patients, so the ___ should always be used to reduce risk of imaging involuntary or voluntary motion

alzheimer's

most common form of dementia

weight loss. fatigue. loss of bone mass. joint stiffness. loneliness

most common health complaints of elderly patinets

d

one of the most common health complaints of elderly patients is a. hair loss b. depression c. diabetes d. fatigue

dementia

progressive cognitive impairment that eventually interferes with daily functioning

a

supination of the upper limb is often impaired in geriatric patients because of all the following except a. cognitive impairment b. contractures c. paralysis d. fractures

age related changes in kidney and liver function

the amount of contrast media administered to an elderly patient varies because of

d

the amount of contrast media used for imaging procedures varies for elderly patients because of a. incontinence b. anemia c. age related changes in cardiovascular system d. age related changes in liver and kidney functions

lower

the maintain sufficient contrast in skeletal radiographs on geriatric patients, a ___ kVP is often required

d

the major hematologic concern in geriatric patients is a. ischemia b. atherosclerosis c. diabetes d. anemia

b

to obtain accurate PA projection of the chest, a geriatric patient is likely to be more comfortable with the upper limbs positioned a. low, with the backs of the hands resting on the hips, shoulders rolled forward b. wrapped around the chest stand c. resting on top of the head d. straight by the sides of the body

a

to obtain sufficient contrast in geriatric radiography, kVp may need to be a. decreased b. increased

a

to provide quality images and work well with the geriatric patient, the radiographer must be able to a. adapt procedures to accommodate b. speak loudly and eliminate background noises c. adapt technical factors to ensure proper radiation protection d. calculate necessary contrast media adjustments

adhesive tape

to reduce the risk of tearing the fragile skin of a geriatric tape, the use of ___ for immobilization should be avoided

b

to work successfully with elderly patients, the radiographer must be able to differentiate between a. age related changes and disease processes b. senility and dementia c. senior citizens and elderly persons d. cognitive impairments and dementia

arthritis. hypertension. hearing impairment. heart disease. cataracts. orthopedic impairment. chronic sinusitis. diabetes. visual impairment. varicose veins

top 10 chronic conditions of people age 65 years and older

true

true or false TJC has a standard that requires radiographers to demonstrate competency in working with geriatric patients when it is applicable

false

true or false all elderly persons develop dementia

false

true or false the lateral projections of the chest never require positioning adaptation for geriatric patients

false

true or false? contracted limbs must be forced into correct position to obtain accurate images

true

true or false? radiography of the foot and ankle on geriatric patients may be performed more safely with the patient in a wheelchair rather than risking the transfer to table

c

what is one of the psychological effects of aging a. gray hair b. wrinkles c. depression d. alzheimers

c

what is the predominate age related change in the blood vessels a. loss of elasticity b. ulcerations c. atherosclerosis d. degeneration

lower limbs should not be internally rotated

what position adaptation is made for the AP pelvis and hips if trauma is not an indication

higher. lower

when kyphosis is present, the image receptor should be centered ___ and the central ray be centered ___to accommodate changes in positioning the anatomy of interest

c

when performing lower limb images, what projection can be subsituted for the routine lateral when the patient is unable to lie on his or her side a. both internal and external obliques b. AP c. cross table lateral d. axial

b

which body system is responsible for most of the disabilities in people older than 65? a. integumentary b. nervous c. immune d. cardiovascular

b

which body system is usually the first to show apparent signs of aging a. GI b. integumentary c. cardiovascular d. musculoskeletal

b

which of the following are among the top 10 chronic conditions for people older than 65 years 1. visual impairment 2. cancer 3. diabetes a. 1 and 2 b. 1 and 3 c. 2 and 3 d. 1, 2, and 3

d

which of the following are reasons to educate the geriatric patient and his or her family members about imaging procedures 1. obtain their confidence 2. decrease patient stress 3. improve patient compliance a. 1 and 2 b. 2 and 2 c. 1 and 3 d. 1, 2, and 3

d

which of the following can cause cognitive impairment in elderly persons 1. disuse 2. aging 2. disease a. 1 and 2 only b. 1 and 3 c. 2 and 3 d. 1, 2, and 3

d

which of the following can slow the progress of age related joint stiffness, fatigue, weight gain, and bone mass loss a. vitamin supplementd b. NSAIDs c. mental games d. low impact exercise

a

which of the following is crucial to obtain an elderly patient's compliance and confidence a. education about imaging procedures b. demonstration of empathy c. knowledge of imaging procedures d. demonstration of self confidence and personal hygiene

a

which of the following terms id defined as progressive cognitive impairment that eventually interferes with normal daily functioning a. dementia b. senility c. alzheimer's d. depression

hematologic

which organ system is affected by: anemia

cardiovascular

which organ system is affected by: atherosclerosis

immune

which organ system is affected by: autoimmune diseases

musculoskeletal

which organ system is affected by: contractures

respiratory

which organ system is affected by: decreased elasticity of alveoli

nervous

which organ system is affected by: dementia

endocrine

which organ system is affected by: diabetes

GI

which organ system is affected by: difficulty swallowing

GI

which organ system is affected by: diverticulosis

integumentary

which organ system is affected by: graying and thinning hair

sensory

which organ system is affected by: hearing loss

urinary

which organ system is affected by: incontinence

nervous

which organ system is affected by: increased risk of falls

integumentary

which organ system is affected by: increased vulnerability to abrasion

immune

which organ system is affected by: increases vulnerability to nosocomial infections

musculoskeletal

which organ system is affected by: kyphosis

musculoskeletal

which organ system is affected by: osteoporosis/osteoarthritis

cardiovascular

which organ system is affected by: postural hypotensions

sensory

which organ system is affected by: presbyopia