Methods Final RAQ Questions
T/F: Intention, according to Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), is assumed to be an immediate antecedent of behavior.
True
T/F: It is wise to avoid the overuse of one method (e.g. lecture, video, work group) in order to maintain the attention of the audience. (BBF)
True
T/F: Key to the Theory of Planned Behavior is the concept of reasoned action (BBF)
True
T/F: Market analysis examines the fit between the focus of interest and important market variables within the focus population.
True
T/F: Newspapers may cut portions of guest editorials based on available space
True
T/F: Often times the biggest barrier to attaining cultural competence at the personal level is lack of awareness (BBF)
True
T/F: Performance indicators are measurable outcome-oriented terms which reflect the achievement of objectives.
True
T/F: Positioning is about creating a personality for an offering based on its key attributes
True
Terry knows that she is pretty clueless about cooking and nutrition but she's picked up some great skills and tips from watching cooking shows on TV. In this example, which theoretical construct best explains the relationship between eating habits and environment? A. Observational learning/modeling B. Reciprocal determinism C. Self-efficacy D. Reinforcement
A. Observational learning/modeling
(BBF) -- In 2003, the national Adult Literacy Survey confirmed previous data that nearly _____ of the American population has limited literacy.
50%
Diversity include the following: (BBF) A .Various combinations of all of the above B. Experience C. Sexual orientation D. Health status E. Culture
A .Various combinations of all of the above
Which of the following are suggestions for writing a letter to a policymaker? A, B, and C B. Timing is everything Only B and C C. Request a response A. Use your own words.
A, B, and C
Headlines in news releases provide the overall concept of information. For maximum effectiveness, a headline should be: A. 1 to 2 lines in length and typed in all capital letters B. A minimum of 15 words and typed in all caps C. 1 to 2 lines in length D. Typed in all capital letters E. A minimum of 15 words
A. 1 to 2 lines in length and typed in all capital letters
Approximately ___ of coalition members on the member roster form the active core of the coalition. A. 33% B. 50% C. 75% D. 25%
A. 33%
Nonverbal communication, which makes up about ____ of the messages we send and receive, can act as a significant cultural barrier. (GSM) A. 70% B. 50% C. 90% D. 40%
A. 70%
Service Learning is: (BBF) A. A teaching and learning strategy that integrates community service with instruction B. No answer text provided C. Both of the above D. A teaching and learning strategy that integrates research and philosophy of the profession
A. A teaching and learning strategy that integrates community service with instruction
(BBF) -- Characteristics of an effective speaker include being: A. All of the above B. Trustworthy C. Proficient in subject matter D. Considerate E. Humorous
A. All of the above
(BBF) -- Professionals can increase their self-confidence as a presenter by: A. All of the above B. Practice the presentation C. Focusing on what went well D. Utilize proper planning and evaluation
A. All of the above
A panel is a useful way for an audience either to explore differing opinions about the same topic or to examine varying issue within the same subject area. An advantage of panels is that they (GSM) A. Allow the audience to hear a diversity of opinions about the same subject B. Prevent personalities from overshadowing important information C. Provide good closure on a subject D. Have the potential to be or feel disorganized if the content presented does not follow a logical sequence
A. Allow the audience to hear a diversity of opinions about the same subject
The definition of social marketing includes: A. Both answers are correct B. Process of influencing behavior on a large scale C. Neither answer is correct D. Using marketing principles for purpose of societal benefit
A. Both answers are correct
Market analyses can be frustrating because: A. Both are true B. Neither are true C. Social marketers have less secondary data available about customers D. Of difficulty obtaining valid and reliable measures of salient variables
A. Both are true
Which is a strategy for overcoming challenges to effective health communication? A. Both of the provided answers B. Audience feedback and pretesting C. None of the provided answers D. Securing audience input
A. Both of the provided answers
The focus of a(n) ____ is to review and critique a true event (BBF) A. Case study B. Lecture C. Demonstration D. Experiment
A. Case study
Success in health communication interventions begins with ___ A. Consumers B. Effective Planning C. Changing behaviors D. Theories
A. Consumers
Objectives can do all of the following except: A. Describe the broad intent of the program B. Help convey instructional intent C. Describe the intended outcomes of the program D. Make evaluation possible
A. Describe the broad intent of the program
(GSM) -- To improve the development of usable health information, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, make recommendations. Which is a recommended strategy for designing appropriate information? A. Determine the target population's need for communication materials before they are designed B. Include culturally stereotypical role models to ensure participants relate to the information C. All are recommendation for developing appropriate content D. Use images representing generic groups to avoid misrepresenting a particular culture
A. Determine the target population's need for communication materials before they are designed
_____ refers to the divergence among people rooted in age, culture, health status and condition, ethnicity, experience, gender, sexual orientation, and various combinations of these traits. (BBF) A. Diversity B. Cultural awareness C. Multicultural education D. Cultural competence
A. Diversity
While our main tool is ____ the outcomes expected are most often ____. (GSM) A. Education; behavioral B. Education; affective C. Social; affective D. Behavior; knowledge
A. Education; behavioral
A more complex research-based attribute by which to segment a market is lifestyle. The public relations firm Porter and Novelli identified seven health styles of target markets. Which of the following is NOT included in those markets? A. Financial fanatics B. Tense but trying C. Hard living hedonists D. Physical fanatics E. Decent doolittles
A. Financial fanatics
According to Bensley and Brookins-Fisher, theories are classified in two groups: A. Individual and community B. Cognition and behavior C. Behavior and systems models D. Cognition and organizational change
A. Individual and community
Short term or one-session programs, if well conducted, can reasonably be expected to affect changes in this domain. A. Knowledge B. Attitude C. Behavior D. Skills
A. Knowledge
Specific factors that can be examined as part of the formal assets and needs assessment for presentations include all of the following EXCEPT: (BBF) A. Naturalistic B. Social and peer influences C. Environmental D. Cultural and subculture norms E. Knowledge and education
A. Naturalistic
In what stage of the Transtheoretical Model does a person actively plan to change? A. Preparation B. Action C. Precontemplation D. Contemplation
A. Preparation
A disadvantage of personal improvement projects is that they (GSM) A. Require considerable individual attention and commitment B. Do not target specific needs, including behavioral objectives C. Repeat information presented in a program D. Personalize health practices for some participants while leaving others out
A. Require considerable individual attention and commitment
(GSM) -- One disadvantage of a lecture is that it A. Requires a very high level of expertise on the topic to do well without other aids. B. Cannot be used with very large groups. C. Does not stimulate thinking to open discussion. D. Is very time consuming.
A. Requires a very high level of expertise on the topic to do well without other aids.
(BBF) -- Which one of the following is NOT a step to organize and plan materials development? A. Secure financial resources B. Define the intended audience and gather information about the audience C. Internally review and evaluate, pretest, and revise materials as necessary D. Develop goals and objectives for the product
A. Secure financial resources
The process of dividing a population into distinctive groupings based on characteristics is called: A. Segmentation B. Targeting C. Tailoring D. Audience analysis
A. Segmentation
Ball states that professionalism contains 5 characteristics. Which one is not a characteristic? (BBF) A. Skills B. Conduct C. Attitude D. Excellence E. Character
A. Skills
The connection between objectives and presentation methods requires the health educator to assess the relevant content (information) and ____ that are part of the presentation. (BBF) A. Skills B. Structure of the program C. Epidemiology D. Theory
A. Skills
Whereas Albert Bandura names the construct "self-efficacy" in his ______, Icek Ajzen refers to the same concept as "perceived behavior control" in his _______. A. Social Cognitive Theory; Theory of Planned Behavior B. Transtheoretical Model; Health Belief Model C. Social Cognitive Theory; Health Belief Model D. Theory of Planned Behavior; Social Cognitive Theory
A. Social Cognitive Theory; Theory of Planned Behavior
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a multiculturally competent health educator? (BBF) A. Speaks in gender-specific language B. Empathizes for humankind C. Acquires knowledge about individuals and groups of people different than oneself D. Models the importance of diversity in personal and professional settings
A. Speaks in gender-specific language
How might a change in knowledge be assessed? A. Test or examination B. Participant report C. Attitude survey D. Behavior
A. Test or examination
Communication analysis includes all of the following EXCEPT: A. Threat conceptualization B. Audience analysis C. Channel selection D. Formative Research
A. Threat conceptualization
The unit of exchange of both radio and television is ___ A. Time B. Money C. Space D. Any of these
A. Time
_____ learners use cues from the body language and facial expressions of others to fully understand the subject matter. These learners often think in pictures and learn best from visual displays such as diagrams, illustrations, videos, flip charts, demonstrations, and handout and by eliciting memories. (GSM) A. Visual B. Kinesthetic C. Gustatory D. Auditory
A. Visual
(GSM) -- Behavioral objectives are stated in behavioral terms such as: A. cognitive, affective, and psychomotor domains B. constructive, applicable and psychological domains C. cognitive, affirmative and kinesthetic domains D. constructive, affective and kinesthetic domains
A. cognitive, affective, and psychomotor domains
The initial coalition meeting should be planned at least ___ in advance. A. one month B. three months C. two weeks D. six months
A. one month
(BBF) -- Pace is the acceleration or deceleration of the presentation. Some ways to keep "pace" with the presentation include: A. Speed up momentarily to represent a level of excitement B. All of the above C. Slow the pace of the speech to create a sense of intrigue or suspense D. Ask audience members if the speaker is going too fast or too slow E. Make sure the tempo is comfortable for pronunciations
B. All of the above
______ is one of the most satisfying and traditional ways in which young professionals begin learning about professionalism. (BBF) A. Volunteering B. Mentoring C. Research D. Credentialing
B. Mentoring
When planning to lecture for more than ___ minutes, the health educator should use other methods or prepare a truly stirring presentation. (GSM) A. 30 B. 20 C. 10 D. 12
B. 20
(BBF) -- Listeners do not typically remember more than __ points. A. 2 B. 3 C. 6 D. 10
B. 3
Complete the following analogy, knowledge is to the cognitive domain as the feeling is to _____ domain. A. Psychomotor B. Affective C. Somatic D. Effective
B. Affective
(BBF) -- A presentation evaluation form should include the opportunity for participants to comment on what areas of the presentation? A. Content B. All of the above C. Delivery D. Structure
B. All of the above
(BBF) -- Bringing closure to presentations includes a number of possible actions, including: A. Question-and-Answer period B. All of the above C. Call to action D. Reminders of past points E. Audience challenges
B. All of the above
(BBF) -- Diversifying teaching techniques and learning styles can include: A. None of the above B. All of the above C. Being inclusive of the various learning styles among participants D. Adopting a variety of teaching methods
B. All of the above
(BBF) -- Public speaking provides an opportunity to __________ others on concepts and ideas that directly affect individual and community health status. A. Sell B. All of the above C. Persuade D. Impress
B. All of the above
Tips and techniques for selecting presentation methods include: (BBF) A. Matching audience needs B. All of the above C. None of the above D. Matching methods to presenter expertise E. Matching methods to content
B. All of the above
BBF) -- Which of these is done in the planning phase of the social marketing process? A. Analyze problem and situation B. All of these C. Assess environment in which program is to be implemented D. Identify resources E. None of these
B. All of these
Which of the following was not a purpose of the competency update project (CUP)? A. Explore how other professionals distinguish themselves B. Alter health educators scope of practice C. Outline distinct sets of competencies for each of the three levels of practice D. Verify the currency of entry-level competencies
B. Alter health educators scope of practice
Which of the following is NOT an advantage of audio methods? (GSM) A. Fairly low in cost B. Appeal to multiple senses C. Easy to use D. Provide a structured experienc
B. Appeal to multiple senses
When health educators are creating and developing print materials, they need to incorporate ___ to decide how to formulate messages. A. Evidence-based practice B. Behavior change theory and models C. Evaluation D. All of these
B. Behavior change theory and models
Which error(s) is/are illustrated in the following objective statement? "A video will be used to illustrate correct hand washing so that participants will appreciate the importance of hygiene." A. It describes instruction, not outcome B. Both of the answers provided are correct C. None of the answers provided are correct D. It is not measurable
B. Both of the answers provided are correct
Segmenting audiences can include: A. Primary audiences: the people whose behavior is to be changed B. Both primary and secondary audiences C. Both Primary and Universal Audiences D. Universal audiences: the general public E. Secondary audiences: groups that influence the behavior of intended audiences F. All of these
B. Both primary and secondary audiences
(GSM) -- Which of the following represents a physical determinant of health? A. Availability of resources to meet daily needs (e.g., safe housing and local food markets) B. Built environment, such as buildings, sidewalks, bike lanes, and roads C. Transportation options D. Residential segregation
B. Built environment, such as buildings, sidewalks, bike lanes, and roads
(GSM) -- A disadvantage of role plays is they A. Are time consuming B. Can bring out unintended emotions or outcomes C. Require special equipment D. Do not allow participants to act out feelings without reprisals
B. Can bring out unintended emotions or outcomes
The acronym CHES stands for: A. Competent Health Education Specialist B. Certified Health Education Specialist C. Certified Health Education School D. Credentialed Health Education School
B. Certified Health Education Specialist
Which of these is Direct Lobbying? A. Appealing to the general public for support B. Communicating about specific legislation with a legislator C. Any of these D. Asking all the people in the community to take specific action
B. Communicating about specific legislation with a legislator
Implementing strategies to recruit and retain a diverse staff that is representative of the demographic characteristics of its clientele is an example of which theme of culturally and linguistic competency? (GSM) A. Strengthening the community B. Developing culturally competent care C. Increasing language access D. Utilizing organizational supports
B. Developing culturally competent care
Which of the following is an example of active voice? A. Both are active voice B. Eat five servings of fruits and vegetables each day C. Five servings of fruits and vegetables should be eaten each day D. Both are passive voice
B. Eat five servings of fruits and vegetables each day
Theories function to do all of the following EXCEPT: A. Identify potential methods for facilitating behavior change B. Ensure the accuracy of evaluation data C. Guide outcome evaluation D. Guide the identification of suitable targets for objectives
B. Ensure the accuracy of evaluation data
(GSM) -- Process evaluation encompasses all of the elements listed below EXCEPT, which one? A. Program fidelity B. Immediate effects of program C. Ongoing evaluation of a series D. Evaluation of facilitator effectiveness
B. Immediate effects of program
(GSM) -- Cooperative learning is a broad category of learning experiences centered on learning from fellow participants. It is characterized by each of the following EXCEPT, which one? A. It differs from group work in that members are intentionally selected to complete a task B. Individual learners are held accountable only for their own performance. C. It may involve other group work such as brainstorming D. Generally participants work toward a common goal.
B. Individual learners are held accountable only for their own performance.
Race is a problematic concept because: A. It is well defined but used to support racist views B. It is poorly defined and often has little to do with health status C. Although it can be used to support racist views, it groups people by health risk categories D. It is directly correlated to economic status and therefore health status
B. It is poorly defined and often has little to do with health status
Most Health Education interventions are designed to provide people with ____ in hopes that they will change their ____. (GSM) A. Values; behavior B. Knowledge; behavior C. Behaviors; knowledge D. Attitudes; beliefs
B. Knowledge; behavior
The ____ section of the newspaper is one of the most read sections of a local newspaper A. Editorials B. Letters to the editor C. Guest Editorials D. Public Service Announcements
B. Letters to the editor
Health educators can become certified through which organization? (BBF) A. National Coalition for Health Education Organizations B. National Commision on Health Education Credentialing (NCHEC) C. American Public Health Association D. Organization of Practicing Health Educators
B. National Commision on Health Education Credentialing (NCHEC)
(GSM) -- Exercising to achieve weight loss, prevent heart disease, and lower blood pressure could all be considered which component of the Health Belief Model? A. Perceived barriers B. Perceived Benefits C. Perceived Susceptibility D. Perceived Threats
B. Perceived Benefits
List the one item below that should NOT be used to integrate a marketing approach into an organization. A. Hire marketing specialists B. Plan focus groups C. Start at the top D. Continually reassess all four Ps E. Know oneself
B. Plan focus groups
The marketing mix is a combination of factors including: A. Product, price and promotion B. Product, price, place, and promotion C. Product, people, and price D. Product, people, and production
B. Product, price, place, and promotion
(GSM) -- One advantage of experiments and demonstrations is that they A. Have predictable outcomes B. Promote self-confidence C. Require no special equipment D. Involve no danger
B. Promote self-confidence
(GSM) -- Which statement about content outlines is FALSE? A. May be supplemented with an appendix B. Should be one to two pages long C. Should include all items D. Should be present in a logical order
B. Should be one to two pages long
Each student in the program is asked to perform each step of CPR like they would in a real life situation. The activity is an example of ____ (GSM) A. Role play B. Simulation C. Problem solving D. Models
B. Simulation
______ is the leading cause of death among gay and lesbian youth (BBF) A. Lung cancer B. Suicide C. HIV/AIDS D. STDs or STIs
B. Suicide
(GSM) -- Which statement is FALSE in regards to getting-acquainted activities, also called icebreakers? A. They can be used to set the tone for a workshop or class. B. They do not need to be related to the objectives and target population. C. They can be used at any time. D. The activities should be easy to follow and fun.
B. They do not need to be related to the objectives and target population.
The ability to interpret graphs or information presented in illustrated formats is known as (GSM) A. Interpretation literacy B. Visual literacy C. Comprehension literacy D. Number literacy (numeracy)
B. Visual literacy
________ is the willingness of people to work on behalf of others without the expectation of pay or other tangible gain. (BBF) A. Professionalism B. Volunteerism C. Credentialing D. All of these are correct
B. Volunteerism
A theory is a general explanation of: (BBF) A. Extent to which a program can succeed B. Why people act or do not act to maintain or promote the health of themselves C. Innovations that can be experimented with before a commitment is made D. System of moral principles
B. Why people act or do not act to maintain or promote the health of themselves
Public service announcements are short ___ announcements typically used by ____ A. informational; churches B. informational; charities C. informational; corporations D. opinion; charities
B. informational; charities
T/F: Ideally, community needs assessment includes assessing assets as well as needs.
True
____ of letters, telephone calls, or visits received by policymakers are about taxes, guns, or abortion. A. 75% B. 60% C. 90% D. 50%
C. 90%
(GSM) -- Basic skills of a health literate individual include all of the following EXCEPT A. The ability to interpret and apply health information to improve quality of life B. Numeracy skills in the context of health care C. A high level of intelligence D. Using technology to access health information and services
C. A high level of intelligence
Predisposing factors include all of the following EXCEPT (GSM) A. Values/Beliefs B. Confidence C. Accessibility D. Knowledge
C. Accessibility
According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, how can you improve the development of usable health information? A. Limit the number of messages to four or fewer. B. Focus on action (or the performance of a behavior) C. All of the above D. Text should be plain, 12-point font or great, with bolding of key points.
C. All of the above
Media advocacy places emphasis on : A. Changing public policy rather than personal behavior B. Linking public health and social problems to inequities in social arrangements rather than flaws in the individual C. All of these D. Focusing primarily on reaching opinion leaders and policymakers
C. All of these
One of the five steps in developing print materials is to define the intended audience. Defining the audience includes which of the following? A. Determining interests and culture B. Determining who most needs to receive the materials C. All of these D. Determining who is most at risk for a given health problem
C. All of these
When visiting a policymaker, it is best to: A. A and C B. Follow up a visit with a letter C. All of these D. Send other advocates to talk with the policymakers E. Send a fax, letter, or phone call to request an appointment ahead of time
C. All of these
Qualities that bring professionalism to health education include: (BBF) A. Caring B. Being passionate about what you do C. All of these are correct D. Lifelong learning
C. All of these are correct
One strategy for reducing conflict in coalitions is to rotate coalition leadership. How often should leadership be rotated? A. At least every 3 years B. At least every 1 year C. At least every 2 years D. As often as members request
C. At least every 2 years
The Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change is based on the assumption that: (BBF) A. The emphasis of perception is vulnerability to illness and treatment B. Behavior change is a concept of reasoned action C. Behavior change is a process and individuals are at varying levels of motivation or readiness to change D. Health educators can identify a person's intention
C. Behavior change is a process and individuals are at varying levels of motivation or readiness to change
Media fact sheets can be used to: A. Neither of these B. Support media bits C. Both of these D. Secure feature articles in newspapers or magazines
C. Both of these
Overcoming challenges to selecting and utilizing presentation methods include: (BBF) A. Neither of these are correct B. Using time wisely C. Both of these are correct D. Building trust
C. Both of these are correct
(GSM) -- Select the disadvantage of U-shaped seating. A. Seating can be easily altered to create buzz groups B. Discourages eye contact among participants C. Can distract from independent practice D. Inhibits interaction among participants
C. Can distract from independent practice
A coalition also serves as catalyst to engender community involvement and build community ___. A. Knowledge B. Partnerships C. Capacity D. Leadership
C. Capacity
Professional research should adhere to which of the following guidelines? (BBF) A. All of these B. Develop a plan to dissipate community resistance C. Collect demographic information on all focus group populations D. Focus on process evaluation
C. Collect demographic information on all focus group populations
In the process of selecting the most appropriate educational method to use in a health education program, it is most important to do which of the following? A. Recognize that the program location rarely affects the method selection B. Realize that all methods are equally useful in any setting C. Consider the nature of the audience and the purpose of the program D. Ensure that only one method is selected for implementation
C. Consider the nature of the audience and the purpose of the program
The base units of a theory are called (GSM) A. Variables B. Concepts C. Constructs D. Models
C. Constructs
Which of the following tools is used to prevent or reduce risk behaviors and prevent serious health problems among schools? (GSM) A. School Health Index B. National Health Education Standards C. Coordinated School Health Model D. Youth-Risk Behavior System
C. Coordinated School Health Model
The planning phase of the Health Communication Campaign Model includes all of the following EXCEPT A. Examines strategies B. Set clear and realistic goals C. Create summative evaluation criteria D. Identify and define health issues
C. Create summative evaluation criteria
(GSM) -- Typically, as the educational level of an individual increases, the accessibility to health care __________. A. Remains constant B. Varies over time C. Decreases D. Increases
D. Increases
Providing care that is respectful of and compatible with the client's cultural health beliefs, practices, and preferred language is an example of which theme of culturally and linguistic competency? A. Increasing language access B. Strengthening the community C. Developing culturally competent care D. Utilizing organizational supports
C. Developing culturally competent care
Generally, coalitions often are successful when they work through ___ rather than spending time and money initiating new ones. A. None of these B. Community agencies C. Established community events D. Community foundations
C. Established community events
____ is a core aspect of professionalism. (BBF) A. Strategic planning B. Evidence-based practice C. Ethics D. Research
C. Ethics
(BBF) -- Presentation settings include three types: A. Formal, religious, advocacy B. Formal, advocacy, semi-formal C. Formal, informal, semi-formal D. Formal, advocacy, semi-formal
C. Formal, informal, semi-formal
Word games include crossword puzzles, anagrams, and other word games. One disadvantage of using word games is they (GSM) A. Serve as good productive filler for individuals who finish work fast or need additional stimulation B. Are very costly to create C. Generally address only the cognitive domain D. Require a large group
C. Generally address only the cognitive domain
The words "understand, "know" and "appreciate" would be best suited for writing: A. Objectives B. Either a goal and an objective C. Goals D. An intervention
C. Goals
You are teaching participants how to test their glucose levels. The process involves multiple steps and requires the participant to master each step along the way to get an accurate reading. Which of the following methods is most effective for teaching this skill? (GSM) A. Modeling the behavior and then letting the participant practice B. Showing a video clip of the skill C. Guided practice using a step by step demonstration D. Role play the steps
C. Guided practice using a step by step demonstration
To improve the development of usable health information, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, make recommendations. Which is a recommended strategy to assess if the health educator is speaking or listening carefully? A. Ask the receiver to record the words you speak. B. Check for understanding with simple questions that all the receiver to answer "yes or no". C. Include the words "what", "how", or "why" as part of questioning. D. Use laypersons of the same culture to restate the medical information you provide.
C. Include the words "what", "how", or "why" as part of questioning.
Typically, as the educational level of an individual increases, the accessibility to health care: A. Decreases B. Varies over time C. Increases D. Remains constant
C. Increases
(GSM) -- Providing timely language assistance services (verbal offers and written notices) in the client's preferred language about his or her right to receive language assistance services is an example of which theme of culturally and linguistic competency? A. Developing culturally competent care B. Strengthening the community C. Increasing language access services D. Utilizing organizational supports
C. Increasing language access services
You are new to a community and have been given a list of contacts. You don't have much time so you will only meet with people who are very knowledgeable about the community. You decide to meet with everyone EXCEPT: A. Mr. Porter a local businessman who funds many community health projects. He is well liked and resides in the community; although he travels much of the year. B. Dr. Honeywell lives in the community. She was recently appointed to the county health department board, and her primary interest is in zoonotic diseases. C. Mayor An grew up and currently lives outside of the community. He doesn't see the point of health programs, and is focused on an upcoming election. D. Ms. Smoger a retired teacher who has watched many of the community residents grow up. She's lived in the neighborhood for 35 years, and is well known and respected.
C. Mayor An grew up and currently lives outside of the community. He doesn't see the point of health programs, and is focused on an upcoming election.
One framework for understanding the relationship between race and health looks at all of the following factors EXCEPT (GSM) A. Environmental Stressors B. Health practices C. Medical prescriptions D. Psychosocial resources and stressors
C. Medical prescriptions
(BBF) -- Listeners remember: A. Abstract words and concepts B. Both A and B C. More of what they hear in a presentation that uses "picture" words D. Neither A or B
C. More of what they hear in a presentation that uses "picture" words
Which of the following performance indicators violates the protocol related to accountability? A. Participants will record, in their journals, 5 examples of verbal abuse observed in the video B. After the discussion, participants will demonstrate refusal skills using an "I message" and body language during the group role play. C. On the Smartboard, participants will be able to match with 90% accuracy the drug categories to their side effects using the handout provided. D. After the lecture, learners will describe to their group four of the six youth risk factors and suggest a prevention measure for each
C. On the Smartboard, participants will be able to match with 90% accuracy the drug categories to their side effects using the handout provided.
The purpose of a legislative committee hearing is to obtain ___ and ___ on a bill. A. Oral; opposition testimony B. Testimony; publicity C. Oral; written testimony D. Internet; written testimony
C. Oral; written testimony
(GSM) -- The conclusion of a presentation serves all the following functions EXCEPT A. Provides summary of key points B. Provides directions for the next meeting if applicable C. Provides an evaluation of facilitator effectiveness D. Provides opportunity for feedback and questions
C. Provides an evaluation of facilitator effectiveness
(GSM) -- Increasing language access services includes all of the following EXCEPT A. Providing timely language assistance services (verbal offers and written notices) in the client's preferred language about his or her right to receive language assistance services B, Ensuring the competencies of individuals providing language assistance C. Providing low literacy materials in multiple languages on demand D. Ensuring patient-related signage and materials are easily understood by the clientele according to demographic characteristics
C. Providing low literacy materials in multiple languages on demand
Terry mentions that she has altered her after-school habits. She no longer hangs out at the ice cream shop; she now hangs out at a vegetarian restaurant or a coffee shop. As a result of this change, Terry has made some new friends who are committed to eating healthier foods; they have influenced her food choices. In this example, which theoretical construct best explains the relationship between eating habits and environment? (GSM) A. Behavioral Capacity B. Self-Efficacy C. Reciprocal Determinism D. Observational learning/modeling
C. Reciprocal Determinism
(GSM) -- Debates are organized discussions of differing points of view that are characterized by all of the following EXCEPT, which one? A. Allow participants to gain a better understanding of multiple points of view. B. The participant must have a substantial knowledge base to be effective. C. Should only be used if an objectives is aimed at improving debating skills. D. Allow participants the opportunity to develop skills in oral persuasion.
C. Should only be used if an objectives is aimed at improving debating skills.
When training a generic health educator, emphasis should be placed on acquisition of ______ instead of acquisition of _______. A. Health content, funding B. Funding, knowledge C. Skills, health content D. Data, skills
C. Skills, health content
____ is the art of making large numbers meaningful, usually by breaking them down and making a relevant vivid comparison. A. Framing B. Social deduction C. Social Math D. Advocacy Math
C. Social Math
Health literacy is: (GSM) A. The ability to locate and read health information - is is the ability to interpret and apply the information to improve one's quality of life. B. The ability to locate health and medical information online and to access services needed to make appropriate health decisions C. The degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions D. The ability to access holistic health and medical information on the internet
C. The degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions
Reciprocal Determinism is: (BBF) A. The degree to which innovation is seen as better than the program it replaces B. Believing that one has the ability to take action C. The idea that behavior changes are determined by interactions between a person and his/her environment D. The extent to which innovation can be experimented with
C. The idea that behavior changes are determined by interactions between a person and his/her environment
(BBF) -- Listeners typically do not remember more than _____ points. A.Two B. Ten C. Three D. Six
C. Three
Journalists will usually ask at least two questions in regards to a message an advocate delivers. Those questions include: A. All of these B. Neither of these C. What is the problem and what is the solution? D. What is the problem and what policy is needed?
C. What is the problem and what is the solution?
(BBF) -- Market segmentation is the process of dividing heterogeneous target groups by demographic, psychographic and ______ variables. A. Educational B. Social C.Behavioral D. Financial
C.Behavioral
(GSM) -- Identify the domain of learning for the following objective for a hypothetical Stress Management workshop. "Upon completion of the stress management workshop, participants will identify three personal sources of stress according to the guidelines presented in the program."
Cognitive
It often takes ___ before legislation is written, introduced and passed into law. A. about 5 years B. 6-12 weeks C. 6 months - 1 year D. 2-3 years
D. 2-3 years
(GSM) -- Given the following cognitive objective for a group of 20 ethnically diverse, 6-to-7 year old boys and girls, how many worksheets should a prepared health educator have on hand: "By the end of the lesson, first-grade student will identify healthy snack foods by circling appropriate choices on the worksheet with 90% accuracy." A. 15 B. 10 C. 20 D. 25
D. 25
(BBF) -- Learners retain _______ by teaching others or by another immediate use of the learning. A. 50% B. 75% C. 10% D. 90%
D. 90%
Health Belief Model suggests that: (BBF) A. Actions on the part of the individuals could prevent threat or eliminate illness B. Individuals believe in health C. Emphasizes the "role of perceptions of vulnerability to an illness" D. All of the above
D. All of the above
Creating an educational environment inclusive of diversity among participants can be a big challenge in health education programming. In doing so, several areas of concern should be addressed: (BBF) A. Facilitation skills B. Understand the focus population C. Use of materials and teaching techniques D. All of the above should be areas of concern
D. All of the above should be areas of concern
(BBF) -- Where can you derive community demographic variables such as age, gender, and education level? A. Census data B. State and local health agencies C. Government documents, reports, and statistics D. All of the these
D. All of the these
(BBF) -- A community coalition is defined as a group of individuals representing: A. Factions or constituencies who agree to work together B. Members who work toward common goals C. Diverse organization D. All of these
D. All of these
The most important part of a media strategy is the ___ of the desired change. A. Articulation B. Justification C. Operationalization D. All of these E. Clarification
D. All of these
Which of the following is involved in using media advocacy to support a legislative advocacy campaign? A. Selecting a spokesperson B. Writing editorials and news releases C. Developing effective messages D. All of these
D. All of these
Competition is any ____ to an offering A. Direction B. Combination C. Support D. Alternative
D. Alternative
Which of the following is NOT a tip and technique for effectively working with the media? A. Become familiar with media personnel B. Keep messages short C. Call stations and ask personnel the best way to air PSAs D. Always run the materials on the weekend when readership is the highest
D. Always run the materials on the weekend when readership is the highest
All of the following are true about focus groups EXCEPT, which one? A. Consists of no more than 10 participants B. A facilitator guides the discussion to get detail on the preselected questions C. All of these are true about focus groups D. Any interested party can participate
D. Any interested party can participate
When pretesting and revising print materials, which of the following elements should be assessed? A. Attractiveness and number of open-ended questions used B. Attractiveness, evaluation, and number of theories used C. None of the above is necessarily used when pretesting and revising print materials. D. Attractiveness, comprehension, and cultural acceptability
D. Attractiveness, comprehension, and cultural acceptability
Readability formulas: A. Neither of these B. Do not take into account context or accuracy of language used C. Provide a gauge of how easy or difficult a print piece is to read D. Both of these
D. Both of these
The route through which communication or message delivery occurs is a : A. Method B. Segment C. Material D. Channel
D. Channel
(GSM) -- Questioning at the highest level of thinking encourages learners to evaluate and apply the information to new situations. Which term is NOT associated with this level? A. Evaluate B. Apply C. Build D. Classify
D. Classify
(GSM) -- Identify the domain of learning for the following objective for a hypothetical Stress Management workshop. "Upon completion of the stress management workshop, participants will identify three personal sources of stress according to the guidelines presented in the program." A. Psychomotor B. None of the above C. Affective D. Cognitive
D. Cognitive
Similarities of social marketing and the planning process include all of the following EXCEPT A. Plan, implement, evaluate, and modify offerings B. Assess potential customers and intervening organization(s) C. Set clear goals and objectives D. Create a media campaign
D. Create a media campaign
A _______ is a tool that provides factual information about a topic or situation to the media in a structured format to assist in developing a story. A. PSA B. Press kit C. News release D. Fact sheet
D. Fact sheet
A ____ is a short story that is a main attraction or headline in print media. A. Invitation B. Editorial C. Breakthrough D. Feature
D. Feature
Perceived susceptibility is a factor in which of the following theories? A. Theory of Reasoned Action B. Stimulus Response Theory C. Social Cognitive Theory D. Health Belief Model
D. Health Belief Model
T/F: Innovators are the last individuals to adopt an innovation (BBF)
False
Health educators utilize presentations for imparting information in almost every setting. How they go about presenting the information is known as the ____, which is traditionally defined as a systematic approach or procedure that is specifically carried out or conducted by teachers, presenters, or speakers. (BBF) A. Intervention B. Objective C. Strategy D. Method E. Needs Assessment
D. Method
Which of these is a step for advocating legislation? A. Identify the issue and develop a fact sheet B. Identify potential partners and form/join coalitions to strengthen support C. Implement policies at workplaces that support the legislation D. Only A and B E. All of these
D. Only A and B
Which of the following is NOT a tip or technique for managing and sustaining coalitions? A. Consider cultural competency B. Understand coalition stages of development C. Evaluate coalition success D. Organize with the state health department E. Create criteria for membership
D. Organize with the state health department
Effective implementation of guest speakers requires all of the following EXCEPT, which one? (GSM) A. Prepare a contingency plan in the event of a last minute conflict resulting in the speaker's inability to be present. B. Close the guest speaker's presentation by thanking him/her and reiterating the specific insights C. Enthusiastically introduce the guest speaker by providing his/her credentials D. Prepare talking points for participants to follow so they catch specific insights from the presentation E. Establish a nonverbal cue that can be used to indicate time constraints
D. Prepare talking points for participants to follow so they catch specific insights from the presentation
(BBF) -- According to your book, _______ is one of the most important aspects of materials development to create acceptable and useful materials. A. Attractiveness of the final product B. Developing culturally sensitive materials C. Using the correct reading level D. Pretesting and involving the intended audience
D. Pretesting and involving the intended audience
What are the 3 levels of evaluation commonly used in health education program planning? A. Outcome, scope and range B. Process, evaluation and outcome C. Process, initiation, and outcome D. Process, impact and outcome
D. Process, impact and outcome
(BBF) -- What are the characteristics associated with appraisals? A. Works for multiple intelligences B. Works best with active participants and practice C. Aids analytical thinking D. Provides quick overview and on-the-spot assessment
D. Provides quick overview and on-the-spot assessment
(GMS) -- Identify the domain of learning for the following objective for a hypothetical Stress Management workshop. "Upon completion of the stress management workshop, participants will demonstrate all steps, to their group members, of progressive relaxation as show in class A. None of the above B. Affective C. Cognitive D. Psychomotor
D. Psychomotor
Culture is defined as: (BBF) A. Similar ideas among populations that do not have the same amount of services, resources, and so forth B. Similar ideas that may include vast differences that exist among populations C. Similar ideas and beliefs about a government - invented word used to categorize people D. Similar ideas, beliefs, values, and perceptions among people of a particular group.
D. Similar ideas, beliefs, values, and perceptions among people of a particular group.
Which theory would support the idea that health behavior (good or bad) can be learned by watching others? (GSM) A. Stages of change B. Conditioning C. Diffusion of innovation D. Social learning/Social cognitive
D. Social learning/Social cognitive
The default frame is generally considered: A. the message media advocates will filter through the news B. a news frame of a particular issue C. All of these D. The people's behavior that is determined by personal motivation
D. The people's behavior that is determined by personal motivation
Conducting training and incorporating evaluation techniques to maintain or improve strategies for cultural and linguistic competency is an example of which competency theme?(GSM) A. Increasing language access B. Strengthening the community C. Developing culturally competent care D. Using organizational supports
D. Using organizational supports
(BBF) -- Exchange Theory includes: A. Using the right promotion technique to offer the right product at the right price B. Potential buyers who believe in what is offered C. Potential buyers who believe in what they currently have D. all of these
D. all of these
(BBF) -- Which of the following is a common problem of coalitions? A. Too many planners and not enough "doers" B. Membership burnout or turnover C. Difficulty engaging policymakers in the cause D. all of these
D. all of these
(BBF) -- Which of these is a Channel? A. Technology B. Small group C. Mass media D. all of these
D. all of these
To focus attention on the landscape, media advocates try to frame the ___ of a news story or the ____ in that story. A. Headline; message B. Content; implications C. headlines; implications D. content; message
D. content; message
How an issue is explained or interpreted refers to: A. Social deduction B. Advocacy C. Social math D. framing
D. framing
Which of the following is an advantage of pamphlets? A. Readers can pick up materials on sensitive topics B. Materials can be passed on to others C. Educational messages can be saved D. Materials can be read more than once E. All of the above
E. All of the above
Organizing grassroots legislative action follows many of the same steps as organizing a coalition. Recruiting grassroots advocates includes which of the following? A. Providing support for first time advocates B. Sharing effective stories from other advocates as a model C. Meeting with potential advocates, asking for their help, outlining the issue, and discussing how new legislation can benefit others D. None of these E. All of these
E. All of these
Which of the following questions can be used to determine newsworthiness? A. Can irony or outrage be used? B. Is the issue controversial? C. Is there a milestone event? D. Only B and C E. All of these
E. All of these
What does electioneering mean? A. Support members of all political parties B. Support for or opposition to specific legislation C. All of these D. Working with a candidate to promote passage of specific legislation E. Any attempt by a non-profit to influence an election by mentioning a candidate running for office
E. Any attempt by a non-profit to influence an election by mentioning a candidate running for office
Capable leadership is integral to the success of a coalition. Leadership can be: A. Formal B. Elected C. Informal D. Appointed E. Any of these
E. Any of these
(BBF) -- The presentation opening provides an opportunity for the speaker to do all of the following EXCEPT: A. Set the tone for the rest of the presentation B. Acknowledge the individual who made arrangements for the presentation C. Make a first impression D. Garner interest of the audience E. Give participants an opportunity to engage in discussion and dialogue
E. Give participants an opportunity to engage in discussion and dialogue
(BBF) -- Which one is an expected outcome of social marketing? A. Fewer but more tailored interventions B. More rapid behavior change C. No longer looking for the "magic bullet" program D. Greater and stronger ties to the community E. all of these
E. all of these
T/F: Knowledge alone is likely to be robust enough to cause behavior change (GSM)
False
T/F: Monitoring means listening and paying attention exclusively to local media outlets.
False
The beginning steps to being a professional include: (BBF) A. Participation in the mentoring process B. None of these C. Developing a career portfolio D. Volunteerism E. Joining a health education organization F. All of these
F. All of these
T/F: (BBF) -- Contemplation is a stage of readiness to change in which an individual maintains a health behavior.
False
T/F: (BBF) -- Social marketing is primarily about using marketing techniques to change health behavior.
False
T/F: (BBF) -- Word accentuation is the process of including culturally-appropriate words in a presentation.
False
T/F: (GMS) -- The number of behavioral objectives is an essential indicator of the quality of education.
False
T/F: (GSM) -- According to predictions reported by the U.S. Census Bureau, by the year 2050 the Asian population will make up 54% of the population, with white populations representing a new minority.
False
T/F: (GSM) -- Adults are better able to assimilate information than children; thus, practice time and application activities are less effective for adults than for children.
False
T/F: (GSM) -- In terms of providing prizes for competitive activities such as educational games, it is wisest to consider having something for all but something a little extra for the winner. So, if you are handing out promotional key chains as token reinforcements, you could allow the game winners to have last pick. This will recognize the efforts of the winners while reinforcing the efforts of all.
False
T/F: (GSM) -- Predisposing factors make it possible for the behavior to occur
False
T/F: (GSM) -- Well-written block plans provide a blueprint to organize materials and indicate what will occur and why, while identifying potential gaps in the content.
False
T/F: (GSM) -- With technology becoming more prominent, the method of storytelling is becoming obsolete.
False
T/F: An ecological model considers the intricate interaction among individuals as they relate to each other but it ignores community or societal factors. (GSM)
False
T/F: Because most health educators are white and middle class, they are incapable of providing culturally and linguistically competent care to racial, ethnic or sexual minorities. (GSM)
False
T/F: Cognitive-behavioral theories attempt to encourage behavior change from an indirect and more global approach that should trickle down to facilitate change at the individual level (GSM)
False
T/F: Communicating and advocating for health education is a requirement for membership in SOPHE (Society for Public Health Education) (BBF)
False
T/F: Community resistance is not a barrier to incorporating cultural diversity at the agency level, especially when dealing with multicultural issues that ignite debates among those with different value systems. (BBF)
False
T/F: Effective coalitions are usually NOT successful at seeking and securing donations from local businesses and community organization.
False
T/F: Health education should address knowledge, skills and attitudes in a targeted balanced approach. (GSM)
False
T/F: Health equity is described as the ability of everyone to financially pay the same amount for the same quality of service.
False
T/F: Objectives on print materials can be unlimited in number and should focus on the change desired from the reader rather than facts or principles.
False
T/F: Pedagogy is the art of profession of conducting health education. (GSM)
False
T/F: Publicity about health issues are always positive
False
T/F: Selecting fun or popular teaching methods is always in the best interest of the focus audience. (BBF)
False
T/F: The internet provides a wealth of easily accessible information. When Web sites do not have a copyright statement posted, it means that the site will allow anyone to use their materials.
False
T/F: To maintain enthusiasm, limit the length of game play to no less than 30 minutes, including the time is takes to explain the rules. (GSM)
False
T/F: (GSM) -- As a general rule, 25% of time should be spent on evaluation.
False, 15%
The words "explain" and "define" would be best suited for what type of objective? Awareness Behavior Psychomotor Knowledge
Knowledge
(BBF) -- What is the most important activity in marketing-oriented health education?
Learn as much as possible about the people whose behavior is to be influenced
What are the three levels of evaluation commonly used in health education program planning? Process, initiation, and outcome Outcome, scope, and range Process, evaluation, and outcome Process, impact, and outcome
Process, impact, and outcome
(BBF) -- Newsletters are NOT typically used for:
Resource materials in schools
T/F: (BBF) -- Consumer orientation is the basic concept that an organization's mission is to bring about behavior change by meeting target market needs and wants.
True
T/F: (BBF) -- Health communication played a primary or contributing role in the completion of more than 200 of the 300 objectives in Healthy People 2010.
True
T/F: (BBF) -- Health educators who use culturally sensitive strategies, methods, and programs increase the likelihood that health messages will be internalized and will result in an overall improved health status.
True
T/F: (BBF) -- Health information is closely tied to one's values, beliefs, cultural nuances, geographical issues, and other personal attributes.
True
T/F: (BBF) -- One way to reduce presentation anxiety is to focus on relaxing rather than thinking about the tension of presenting.
True
T/F: (BBF) -- Posters are good for raising awareness and communicating limited amounts of health information.
True
T/F: (BBF) -- Story telling can help a speaker and the audience connect.
True
T/F: (BBF) -- Storytelling can help the speaker and the audience connect.
True
T/F: (BBF) -- The erect, stoic posture associated with a formal presentation may be intimidating or awkward for an informal setting.
True
T/F: (BBF) -- The focus of a health communication campaign is to increase awareness of health threats.
True
T/F: (GSM) -- A plan B differs from an extension; it is a new method to replace an existing method or strategy that cannot be executed.
True
T/F: (GSM) -- According to the Theory of Planned Behavior - together, behavioral beliefs, subjective norms, and control beliefs lead to the formation of behavioral intention.
True
T/F: (GSM) -- Cultural competency is intended to optimize the likelihood that individuals from all cultures, ethnicities, and races will receive appropriate and sensitive care.
True
T/F: (GSM) -- Expectancies are a value assessment of the positive and negative results of the behavior. Individuals strive to minimize negative outcomes and maximize positive ones.
True
T/F: (GSM) -- Experiments allow application in a controlled setting, whereas demonstrations allow the learner to observe how something is done.
True
T/F: (GSM) -- Health educators must think carefully about what they are trying to achieve before using guest speakers because they alone bear the responsibility to ensure the speaker provides factual information that promotes positive health attitudes and behaviors.
True
T/F: (GSM) -- Planning creates structure, which permits each new piece of knowledge to fit into the framework of existing knowledge.
True
T/F: (GSM) -- Skills required for successful and effective presentation are the same regardless of the setting (e.g., school, community, or worksite).
True
T/F: (GSM) -- Successful and effective presentations rely on careful planning of individual lesson components whether they are designed to be used alone or as part of a longer series.
True
T/F: (GSM) -- The federal government has supported the development of many curriculum projects over the years. If you can find relevant government material, you can use it without violating any copyright law.
True
T/F: (GSM) -- The layout provided in the block plan is useful for outlining the topics, activities, and assignments projected for the program, but it lacks the necessary details to fully execute an effective lesson.
True
T/F: (GSM) -- The teaching method selection is driven by the objectives to be achieved.
True
T/F: (GSM) -- Theories explain health behaviors and suggest intervention strategies.
True
T/F: According to the textbook, coalition leaders should recruit about twice as many volunteers as needed.
True
T/F: As educators we may have access to the best knowledge available, but unless we are skilled and effective deliverers of this information, the usefulness of our work is compromised.
True
T/F: Cultural awareness is the consciousness of of cultural similarities and differences.
True
T/F: Cultural competency is imperative if we are going to close the health disparities gap.
True
T/F: Customer satisfaction is the extent to which consumer's expectations of a product, service, or idea are met.
True
T/F: Diffusion of Innovation Theory is considered solely a community-level theory
True
T/F: Disadvantages of the mass media are that they are usually inadequate to change complex behaviors (GSM)
True
T/F: Elements of diversity include a number of factors. Some we are sure about and others we are unsure about. Physical characteristics are often the primary element of diversity we base our assumptions on. (BBF)
True
T/F: Eta Sigma Gamma (ESG) is a national professional health education honorary (BBF)
True
T/F: Factors such as age, gender, motivation for attendance, ethnicity, and time of day, among others, have the potential to affect the success of methods (BBF)
True
T/F: Focus groups collect demographics as well as other qualitative data.
True
T/F: Formative research gathers input from a community and performs assessments to better understand the audience.
True
T/F: Health Educators should consider logical sequencing guidelines when developing presentations (BBF)
True
T/F: Health educators practice in a variety of settings, including school health education, community health education, worksite health education, and patient health education. (GSM)
True
T/F: Pretesting evaluates the impact of communication strategies on focus audiences before implementing these strategies within health promotion campaigns
True
T/F: Television news stories that focus on individuals or events alone do more harm than good.
True
T/F: The Health Belief Model is based on the fact that individuals believe in good health, and the model emphasizes the role of perceptions of vulnerability to illness/treatment.(BBF)
True
T/F: The ability to make a medical appointment is considered a basic health literacy skill. (GSM)
True
T/F: The cardinal rule in developing health education print materials is to write simply and clearly so key messages and action steps stand out.
True
T/F: The focus of a health communication campaign is to increase awareness of health threats.
True
T/F: The general focus of community organizing is on changing a system's rules, social norms, or laws to ultimately change legality and social acceptability of behaviors.
True
T/F: The objective of a feature story is to get the entire story printed
True
T/F: Theories explain health behaviors and suggest intervention strategies. (GSM)
True
T/F: Theory and ethics are two essential ingredients for determining methods and how to maintain integrity in practicing health education (BBF)
True
T/F: To effectively accomplish the process of health education, health educators must learn to set meaningful, appropriate, and achievable goals and objectives. (GSM)
True
T/F: To increase competency associated with language access services, patient-related signage and materials should be designed to ensure match the demographic characteristics of the clientele.(GSM)
True
T/F: When a group or organization first begins getting involved in advocacy efforts, their first issue should be a "winnable" one
True
T/F: Writing materials at a reduced reading level means simplifying materials by reducing sentence length, explaining unfamiliar terms, and adjusting word selection to use simpler and more familiar words.
True