MGMT 201 Chapter 10: Leaders and Leadership

According to the trait model of leadership, which of the following factors, in addition to personality traits, contribute to leadership effectiveness?

Abilities Expertise Skills Knowledge

Which two reasons are given as to why female managers may be more participative as leaders than male managers?

As a natural play off of females' tendency to have better interpersonal skills To overcome the resistance by subordinates of having to report to a female ma

As a result of managers transforming their subordinates by being aware of their own needs for personal growth, development and accomplishment, subordinates are likely to:

As a result of managers transforming their subordinates by being aware of their own needs for personal growth, development and accomplishment, subordinates are likely to:

How do managers use reward power effectively?

By using it to show appreciation for subordinates' good work

Darryl's performance at work has been suffering. His manager, Bill, has verbally reprimanded him and has cut back the number of hours that Darryl can work. What type of power is Bill exhibiting?

Coercive

Which of the following are true of effective leadership?

Effective leadership fosters ethical behavior. Effective leaders must manage a diverse workforce fairly and equitably. Effective leadership helps the organization obtain a competitive edge.

Managers in ______ tend to be more people-oriented, while managers in ______ tend to be more profit-oriented.

Europe; the United States

A transformational leader motivates employees to work in order to achieve personal gain, rather than to benefit the overall business.

False

The terms manager and leader are interchangeable as they refer to the same thing.

False

True or False: Jennifer's employees trust her and feel as though they are treated fairly. As a result, they are very satisfied in their jobs, and their performance and attitudes are a reflection of this. It is likely that Jennifer is a transactional leader.

False

True or false: According to the contingency models of leadership, traits and behaviors alone predict effective leadership.

False

True or false: Managers either engage in initiating structure or consideration, but not both.

False

True or false: The trait model of leadership focuses solely on the personality traits that make effective leaders.

False

Prominent contingency models of leadership include

Fiedler's contingency model path-goal theory leader substitutes model

The idea that leaders cannot alter their styles is a potential flaw in which theory?

Fiedler's contingency theory

According to contingency theory, to be effective, managers need to be placed in leadership situations that fit their style or situations need to be changed to suit the manager. This can be accomplished by which of these steps?

Giving a manager more position power Increasing the task structure by clarifying goals

What actions can managers take to increase their expert power?

Obtain additional training or education Get involved with professional organizations Stay up-to-date on technology

Which type of leadership behavior identified by path-goal theory gives an employee a say in the decisions that affect them?

Participative

______ behaviors are particularly effective when subordinates are given a say in matters and decisions that affect them and their support of a decision is required.

Participative

What are the two leader styles identified by Fiedler?

Relationship-oriented Task-oriented

What is one of the five types of leadership power?

Reward

Who coined the phrase "servant leadership?"

Robert Greenleaf

Low task structure results in which of these outcomes?

Subordinates not knowing what to do Vague goals

Janelle expressed concern for one of her staff members when she learned that he was struggling because he hadn't received training on the new software. She immediately helped him sign up for training so he could be an active participant on the project. What type of leadership behavior does this demonstrate?

Supportive

According to path-goal theory, which leadership behaviors motivate subordinates?

Supportive Achievement-oriented Participative Directive

______-oriented leaders are primarily concerned that his or her subordinates perform at a high level.

Task

What situational characteristic refers to the extent to which the work to be performed is clear-cut, so that a leader's subordinates know what needs to be done and how to go about doing it?

Task structure

Which person has characteristics associated with a manager, rather than a leader?

The person who establishes procedures for completing a task.

Which statement about charismatic leaders is accurate?

They clearly communicate their vision to employees.

What is a characteristic of an effective leader?

They increase the organization's ability to meet contemporary challenges.

Researchers have pointed to which potential flaws in Fiedler's contingency model?

They question what the scale associated with the theory really measures. They disagree that leaders cannot alter their style.

Marie, the manager, has a very negative attitude at work. What would be the most likely results of her attitude among her employees?

They will exert more effort. They will have negative attitudes.

True or False: Sharing leadership responsibilities among team members is an effective example of a leadership substitute.

True

True or false: Female managers may be more participative as leaders to overcome the resistance by subordinates of having to report to a female manager.

True

True or false: Under certain conditions, managers do not have to play a leadership role. The members of an organization can sometimes perform at a high level without the manager exerting influence over them.

True

True or false: When it comes to effective leadership, the three contingency models of leadership are complementary.

True

A servant leader has

a strong desire to work for others' benefit

According to Fiedler, situations are favorable for leading when leader-member relations

are good

When management researchers realized there was more to leadership than the traits a potential leader possessed, they began to look at what effective leaders actually do. This gave rise to the ______ model of leadership.

behavior

Jon is able to get his employees to support his vision for the department because he is a self-confident leader who is enthusiastic and excited about his vision. Jon is a ______ leader whose style may be particularly effective when organizations are undergoing transformations.

charismatic

The ability of a manager to punish others is referred to as ______ power.

coercive

Fred Fiedler's leadership model, Robert House's path goal theory, and the leader substitutes model are all ______ models of leadership.

contingency

When leaders exhibit positive moods, group members

demonstrate better group coordination

Leaders with high emotional intelligence most likely have the ability to

develop a vision for the organizations and motivate their subordinates to commit to and achieve the vision encourage creativity

According to path-goal theory, when a subordinate is not sure how to complete an assigned task, ______ leadership is beneficial.

directive

If the employee is an independent thinker, who works best when left alone, it is counterproductive to use ______ leadership behaviors to instruct that employee.

directive

Regarding the ability to relate to and deal with employees, success is greatest for leaders with high ______ intelligence.

emotional

Those leaders who understand the process of bringing creative ideas to fruition, which requires challenging the status quo, taking risks, and not being afraid of failure are individuals with high _____ intelligence.

emotional

By encouraging creativity, which may entail challenging the status quo, risk-taking, and accepting and learning from failures, ______ plays a key role in how leaders relate to followers.

emotional intelligence

Empowerment occurs when

employees' task, decision-making and responsibilities are expanded

The process of giving employees at all levels the authority to make decisions, be responsible for their outcomes, improve quality, and cut costs is known as

empowerment

Riley can increase her ______ power by obtaining additional education or training, staying up-to-date on technology and getting involved with a professional association.

expert

Compared to both Japanese and American organizations, leadership in European companies tends to be more

humanistic

The leader behaviors of consideration and initiating structure are

independent of one another

The two basic kinds of leader behaviors, as defined by the Ohio State University Behavior Model, are

initiating structure and consideration

Samantha helps make her employees become aware of problems and view them in new ways that are more consistent with her vision for the organization. Samantha is engaging in ______ stimulation.

intellectual

When leaders engage in ______ stimulation, they are helping make those they are leading to be aware of problems and view them in ways that are consistent with the visions of their leaders.

intellectual

Those leaders who are able to develop a vision for their organization, motivate their subordinates to commit to this vision, and energize them to enthusiastically work to achieve this vision are leaders with high emotional

intelligence

The extent to which followers like, trust, and are loyal to their leader is the situational characteristic known as

leader-member relations

As a manager, Kelly knows it is part of her job to not only direct the activities of her team, but also to motivate and inspire them to accomplish tasks that help the company achieve it's goals. What characteristic does this refer to?

leadership

The process by which one person inspires, motivates, and directs other people in their activities in order to achieve the goals of an organization is called:

leadership.

Even in healthy organizations, transformational leadership can be an enduring approach to leadership because it leads to

long-run organizational effectiveness

Transformational leadership occurs when leaders change their employees by:

making employees aware of how important their job is to the organization. making employees aware of their needs for personal growth, development, and accomplishment.

The Behavior Model that identified consideration and initiating structure as common behaviors among world leaders was the result of a study at The Ohio State University during the

mid-1900s

Lack of a consistent relationship between leader traits and leader effectiveness led researchers to shift their attention away from traits and to search for

new explanations for effective leadership

As a result of the interpersonal skills that women in leadership positions tend to possess, women may be better able to make the effective interactions that are vital to the ______ approach.

participative

A contingency model, wherein leaders motivate subordinates by identifying their desired outcomes, rewarding them for high performance and the attainment of goals with the desired outcomes, and clarifying the paths leading to the attainment of work goals is

path-goal theory

The five sources of leadership ______ are: legitimate, coercive, reward, expert, and referent.

power

Paula is well-liked by her subordinates. They look up to her and see her as a role model. As such, Paula has ______ power.

referent

Power that comes from subordinates' and coworkers' respect, admiration, and loyalty is referred to as ______ power.

referent

Leaders whose primary concern is to develop good bonds with their subordinates and to be liked by them is a ______-oriented leader.

relationship

Janice's manager goes out of her way to develop a good bond with her employees and is very concerned about being liked by her subordinates. According to Fiedler's theory, Janice's manager is a ______ leader.

relationship-oriented

Fiedler suggests that all managers have one of two leader styles: ______-oriented or ______-oriented.

relationship; task

Managers use _______ power to show appreciation for their employees' hard work.

reward

Robert Greenleaf coined the phrase "______ leadership."

servant

Someone whose main purpose is to work for the benefit of others is a ______ leader.

servant

The realization that traits and behaviors alone do not predict leader effectiveness has led to the various contingency approaches to leadership that take into account the ______ within which the leadership occurs.

situation and context

According the Fiedler's contingency model, managers can take steps either to be placed in leadership situations that fit their leadership _______, or change the _______ to suit the manager's needs.

style, situation

Participative leadership behavior is especially helpful when a decision requires ______ support.

subordinate

According to the leadership ______ theory, a characteristic of the subordinate acts in place of the leader, which makes leadership unnecessary.

substitutes

By freeing up a manager's time to concentrate on improving organizational effectiveness, ______ can increase organizational efficiency and effectiveness.

substitutes for leadership

As a leader, Darla is primarily concerned that the people she manages perform at a high level and focus on what needs to happen to get the job done. Darla is a(n) _______-oriented leader.

task

Fiedler's model explores how a manager's leadership style needs to fit ______; in contrast, the path-goal theory focuses on how managers should ______.

the situation to increase effectiveness; motivate employees

Female managers are often more participative as leaders than their male managers because

they involve employees in decision making

Transformational leadership is useful

to all organizations

The "dream team" concept at Netflix demonstrates ______ leadership that motivates employees to work for the good of the organization as a whole, not just for their own personal benefit.

transformational

There is a greater likelihood of subordinates trusting organizational leaders and employees feeling as though they are being treated fairly when subordinates work for _____ leaders.

transformational