MGMT-309 Chapter 15

Which of the following is true of the fixed-interval schedule? a. It provides the least incentive for an employee's good work. b. It is used to provide rewards after a fixed number of behaviors. c. It provides incentives in the form of sales commissions. d. It is appropriate for rewards based on inspections.

a. It provides the least incentive for an employee's good work.

Which of the following is an example of an individual incentive? a. Sales commissions b. Gainsharing programs c. Scanlon plans d. Employee stock ownership plans

a. Sales commissions

Which of the following refers to the resources needed to do a job? a. Work environment b. Ability c. Task design d. Motivation

a. Work environment

The Porter-Lawler extension of _____ suggests that if performance results in equitable rewards, people will be more satisfied. a. expectancy theory b. goal-setting theory c. equity theory d. hierarchy of needs theory

a. expectancy theory

Which of the following kinds of reinforcement strengthens a desired behavior? a. Negligence b. Avoidance c. Punishment d. Extinction

b. Avoidance

Which of the following is true of using flextime? a. Employees are assigned to jobs in different departments. b. Employees are allowed to select the hours they work. c. Two part-time employees share one full-time job. d. Employees can spend part of their time working offsite.

b. Employees are allowed to select the hours they work.

_____ is defined as the set of forces that causes people to behave in certain ways. a. Determination b. Motivation c. Need d. Choice

b. Motivation

_____ focus on why people choose certain behavioral options to satisfy their needs and how they evaluate their satisfaction after they have attained these goals. a. Content perspectives b. Process perspectives c. Reinforcement perspectives d. Linear perspectives

b. Process perspectives

The motivation process begins with: a. a resource. b. a need deficiency. c. a challenge. d. an ability.

b. a need deficiency.

The human resource approach to motivation: a. advocates an incentive pay system. b. guides most contemporary thinking about employee motivation. c. believes that the illusion of participation enhances employee motivation. d. fails to consider motivational factors other than monetary compensation.

b. guides most contemporary thinking about employee motivation.

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, esteem needs: a. are the most difficult to address. b. include the need for recognition. c. involve realizing one's potential for continued growth. d. are met entirely from within an individual.

b. include the need for recognition.

According to equity theory, outcomes from a job include _____. a. education b. intrinsic rewards c. loyalty d. time

b. intrinsic rewards

Fines are an example of _____ as a means of reinforcement. a. rewarding b. punishment c. avoidance d. mediation

b. punishment

Through which of the following methods do senior executives traditionally receive incentive pay? a. Scanlon plans b. Salaries c. Bonuses d. Stock option plans

c. Bonuses

Which of the following is a similarity between individual and group incentives? a. Both are types of gainsharing programs. b. Both are added to employees' base salary. c. Both are paid to the employees as they are earned. d. Both tie indirectly to performance increases of employees.

c. Both are paid to the employees as they are earned.

Which of the following is true of telecommuting? a. It is used to compensate for compressed work schedules. b. It increases the office space needs of companies. c. It is becoming easier with the increased sophistication of modern communication technology. d. It prevents more than half of the U. S. workforce from utilizing alternative methods of work.

c. It is becoming easier with the increased sophistication of modern communication technology.

Which of the following compensation plans formally bases at least some meaningful portion of compensation on the relative value of the contributions of employees? a. Piece-rate incentive plans b. Individual incentive plans c. Merit pay plans d. Stock option plans

c. Merit pay plans

Managers wanting to explicitly use reinforcement theory to motivate their employees generally do so with a technique called _____. a. behavior assimilation b. integration c. behavior modification d. diversification

c. behavior modification

In _____, two part-time employees divide one full-time job. a. v-time b. compressed work schedules c. job sharing d. telecommuting

c. job sharing

The _____ is the desire to be influential in a group and to control one's environment. a. need for affiliation b. need for achievement c. need for power d. need for satisfaction

c. need for power

In the context of expectancy theory, _____ refer to the consequences of behaviors in an organizational setting, usually rewards. a. equities b. schisms c. outcomes d. valences

c. outcomes

Reinforcement perspectives are primarily concerned with: a. the different levels of needs that motivate people to perform well at work. b. two specific goal characteristics—goal difficulty and goal specificity. c. the role that rewards play in causing behavior to change or remain the same. d. empowering individuals to realize their own goals and how to achieve them.

c. the role that rewards play in causing behavior to change or remain the same.

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which of the following satisfies security needs? a. A good work environment b. An organization-sponsored lunch c. A challenging job opportunity d. An effective grievance system

d. An effective grievance system

Which of the following conditions must exist for empowerment to enhance organizational effectiveness? a. An organization should quickly turn over power and control to its employees. b. An organization should routinely conceal information regarding its high output. c. An organization should take away control to provide motivation for the employees to work harder. d. An organization should be sincere in its efforts to spread autonomy to lower levels.

d. An organization should be sincere in its efforts to spread autonomy to lower levels.

_____ try to answer the question of what factor or factors motivate people in a workplace. a. Planar perspectives b. Process perspectives c. Reinforcement perspectives d. Content perspectives

d. Content perspectives

The _____ suggests that people's needs are grouped into three possibly overlapping categories—existence, relatedness, and growth. a. relatedness theory b. two-factor theory of motivation c. goal-setting theory d. ERG theory of motivation

d. ERG theory of motivation

_____ is the process of enabling workers to set their own work goals, make decisions, and solve problems within their sphere of responsibility and authority. a. Diversification b. Reinforcement c. Attenuation d. Empowerment

d. Empowerment

_____ are designed to share the cost savings from productivity improvements with employees. a. Stock programs b. Incentive share plans c. Merit pay plans d. Gainsharing programs

d. Gainsharing programs

Which of the following is true of the variable-ratio schedule? a. It uses time as the basis for reinforcement. b. It does not provide much incentive for good work. c. It gives reinforcement after a predetermined number of behaviors. d. It is difficult to use for formal rewards.

d. It is difficult to use for formal rewards.

_____ is a work arrangement that allows employees to work offsite, usually at home. a. Job sharing b. A compressed work schedule c. A flexible work schedule d. Telecommuting

d. Telecommuting

People with a strong need for _____ are likely to prefer a job that entails a lot of social interaction. a. achievement b. power c. security d. affiliation

d. affiliation

In contrast to human relations view on motivation, the human resource view: a. makes workers feel important by giving them a modicum of self-direction in carrying out all job activities. b. believes that the illusion of contribution and participation will enhance motivation. c. gives workers an illusion of involvement to satisfy their social needs. d. assumes that contributions are valuable to both the individuals and the organizations.

d. assumes that contributions are valuable to both the individuals and the organizations.

The traditional approach to motivation: a. assumes that the job people perform is more important than the money they earn. b. takes a broad view of the role of monetary compensation. c. shows that employees know more about the jobs being performed than managers do. d. assumes that work is inherently unpleasant for most people.

d. assumes that work is inherently unpleasant for most people.

According to the goal-setting theory, an employee is motivated to perform if his or her goals are: a. very easy to accomplish. b. broad and generic in nature. c. difficult and unattainable. d. clear and precise.

d. clear and precise.

A manager at a supermarket has set a goal of increasing sales even though this will involve making decisions that might be unpopular among the workers. To set an example, the manager starts to put in extra hours at work and takes shorter breaks. The manager has high _____. a. goal specificity b. goal intensity c. goal requirement d. goal commitment

d. goal commitment

A(n) _____ is established to give senior managers the option to buy company stock in the future at a predetermined fixed price. a. merit pay plan b. piece pay plan c. employee stock ownership plan d. stock option plan

d. stock option plan