MGMT 309 Exam 1
code of ethics
a guideline to help marketing managers and other employees make better decisions
entropy
a normal process leading to a system decline
joint venture
a special type of alliance in which partners share ownership in a NEW enterprise
contingency perspective
a universal perspective tries to identify the "one best way" to do something, includes the classical behavioral, and quantitative approaches, suggests that appropriate managerial behavior in a given situation depends on or is contingent on a wide variety of elements
Management can best be defined as _____.
achieving organizational goals in an efficient and effective manner
domestic business
acquires all of its resources and sells all of its products or services within a single country
what are subject to ethical ambiguities?
advertising and promotions, financial disclosure, ordering and purchasing, shipping and solicitations, bargaining and negotiations
Culture can be maintained by _____.
articulating the culture through slogans and ceremonies
Universal perspectives _____.
attempt to identify the one best way to do something
how are goals attained?
efficiently and effectively
Frank and Lillian Gilbreth developed several important strategies to _____.
eliminate inefficiency
The National Labor Relations Act of 1935 requires organizations to recognize and bargain with a union if that union has been legally established by an organization's _____.
employees
Zereth's company has been trying to create a more diverse workforce and is succeeding. What is the likely outcome of a more diverse workforce?
enhanced effectiveness
Many brick-and-mortar stores are facing challenges from online sales companies. According to systems theory, a primary objective of management at these traditional companies would be to keep pace with these changes in the marketplace in order to avoid _____.
entropy
External Environment
everything outside an organization's boundaries that might affect it, ex: marketplace, customers, gov't, etc
purchasing agent
example of a boundary spanner
The result of the actions of high-profile deposed executives is that:
executives are expected to exhibit the strongest ethical conduct.
what are the 3 parts of a political/legal environment?
gov't stability (ex: oil in middle east), incentives for multinational trade (tax cuts, low interest rates), controls on international trade
A disadvantage of importing/exporting is _______
government restriction
A disadvantage of direct investment is _____.
greater economic risk
An organization's culture _____.
helps members understand what it stands for
what are the organization's ethical concerns?
hiring and firing, wages and working conditions, privacy and respect
Robert Owen, a British industrialist and reformer, recognized the importance of an organization's _____.
human resources
The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 _____.
imposes tough measures to deter corporate and accounting fraud
Rights to privacy has become an area of concern involving ethics and _____.
information technology
whistle blowing
informing the press or government officials about unethical practices within one's organization
Woojin is looking at expanding his organization to overseas markets. Part of his consideration on where to open a new facility is based on the ability to move goods in and out of the country. Woojin needs to look carefully at _____.
infrastructure
Because operations management is less mathematical and statistically less sophisticated than management science, _____.
it can be applied more directly to managerial situations
Behaviors that relate to ethical ambiguity in areas such as advertising, purchasing, solicitations, bargaining, and other business relationships are part of _____.
managerial ethics
The light assembly plants built in Northern Mexico close to the U.S. border, which are given tax breaks by the Mexican government, are referred to as _____.
maquiladoras
Which field of management typically works with clients and consumers in areas such as new product development, promotion, and distribution?
marketing
Julius just got promoted and now has the title of division head. In terms of his level in the organization, which type of manager is Julius?
middle manager
The managerial function of controlling involves _____.
monitoring an organization's progress toward its goals
A firm is taking a(n) _________ stance when it actively looks for ways to benefit society as well as meeting its obligations and responding to requests
proactive stance
uncertainty acceptance
positive response to change and new opportunities
uncertainty avoidance
prefer structure and consistent routine
How can managers use knowledge of theory and history in contemporary organizations?
As the basis for new, personal theories
Which of the following is a way of maintaining culture in an organization?
By rewarding people whose behaviors are consistent with the current culture
Which pioneer in management focused his attention on efficiencies of production?
Charles Babbage
Who is considered to be the originator of modern management theory and practice?
Charles Babbage
Which economy has become the second largest economy in the world, behind the United States?
China
What is the composition of a group or organization based on race?
Ethnicity
Which was the first, and often considered the most important, economic community in the world?
European Union
When governments voluntarily limit the amount of goods exported to or imported from a particular country, what are they establishing?
Export restraint agreements
Which of the following is a benefit of planning?
It helps managers know how to allocate their time and resources.
What is meant by the glass ceiling?
It is a barrier that keeps women from upper management positions.
Ahmed received a tax abatement from the government, and so his organization has more money to donate to the local hospital for cancer research. Which of the following explains how this change in taxes is a form of regulation?
It is an indirect regulation.
Which of the following is a feature of scientific management?
It is concerned with improving the performance of individual workers.
Which of the following is true about the nature of managerial work?
It is full of uncertainty and change.
Which of the following is accurate regarding organizational culture?
It is intangible in nature.
Raul works in an environment that has little segmentation and few elements. What can be said about the degree of homogeneity in his environment?
It is relatively simple.
Which of the following is true of the glass ceiling in many organizations?
It keeps women from advancing to top management positions in organizations.
What distinguishes the behavioral management perspective from earlier management theories?
It placed more emphasis on individual attitudes, behaviors, and group processes.
· Types of economies
Market economy à based on the private ownership of business, and it largely allows market factors such as supply and demand to determine business strategy.
What is a simplified representation of a system, process, or relationship?
Mathematical model
importing
Means that a good, service, or capital is brought into a home country from abroad
Which of the following occurs when two or more firms combine to form a new firm?
Merger
Concrete Constructions, a construction company, wants a suitable site to establish a new residential complex. Site selection is the responsibility of which type of manager of Concrete Constructions?
Operations
Which type of managers are concerned with creating and managing the systems that create an organization's products and services?
Operations
Teresita is using break-even analysis to help the organization produce products most efficiently. What is Teresita using in this process?
Operations management
Supply chain management and enterprise resource planning are both management concepts that evolved from which management perspective and use of models to solve problems?
Quantitative
What requires CEOs and CFOs to personally vouch for the truthfulness and fairness of their firms' financial disclosure?
Sarbanes-Oxley Act
Which approach to management is typically used for routine and straightforward issues?
Scientific
Which type of management deals with improving the performance of individual employees?
Scientific
What are managerial duties
Set of activities directed at an organizations resources with the aim of achieving organizational goals in an efficient and effective manner
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
requires CEOs and CFOs to vouch for the truthfulness of their firm's financial disclosures, reports made more consequential
Dezmon, a small parts manufacturer, is looking for quick entry into foreign markets with access to materials available in those markets. Which approach to internationalization would best fit his needs?
Strategic alliances
Cut'n'Clip hair salon has opened locations inside many SilverCircle stores. In this situation, what are Cut'n'Clip and SilverCircle to each other?
Strategic partners
Which of the following are two or more companies that work together in a joint venture or other partnership in the task environment?
Strategic partners
The local university has set up a task force and committed to increasing recycling efforts and reducing its carbon emissions by 50 percent in the next ten years. These efforts demonstrate a commitment to _____.
social responsibility
A jihadist called for a violent attack on David Letterman after the comedian made fun of Al Qaeda leaders. Letterman rarely does a single show without making fun of American leaders. This is an example of differences in the _________________ dimension.
sociocultural
A new animated children's show does not even get presented to executives unless the merchandising is lined up. The executives are looking for a ______
synergy
power orientation
the beliefs that people in a culture hold about the appropriateness of power and authority differences in hierarchies such as business organizations
technological dimension
the processes, technologies, or systems that a firm can use to produce outputs, ex: McDonalds uses tech to make their food come out faster
T/F A corporate social audit is a formal and thorough analysis of the effectiveness of a firm's social performance.
true
what does managing ethics start with?
top management
Woojin often meets with government officials and executives of other organizations to shape policy and industry standards. In which level of management is Woojin?
top manager
global business
transcends national boundaries and is not committed to a single home country
Synergy refers to _____.
two or more subsystems working together to be more successful than working alone
theory
a conceptual framework for organizing knowledge so we know how to use it
Sub-system
a system within another system
dynamic environment
an environment in which the rate of change is fast
glass ceiling
an invisible limit on women's climb up the occupational ladder
define the science of management
assumes that problems are logical, rational, objective, that we can work through a process and figure something out, requires use of tech, diagnostic and decision making skills
theory x
assumes that workers are basically lazy, error-prone, and extrinsically motivated by money and, thus, should be directed from above
theory y
assumes that, given challenge and freedom, workers are motivated to achieve self-esteem and to demonstrate their competence and creativity
what are the limitations of organizational behavior?
behavior is difficult to predict, managers reluctant to adopt concerns, research effectively communicated to managers
what are limitations of classical mgmt today?
best used in simple/stable organizations, universal procedures may not be appropriate in some settings, employees viewed as mechanical parts
environmental turbulence
consists of changes in the environment which may or may not be expected
organizational behavior
contemporary field focusing on behavioral perspectives on management, Core topics include motivation, leader behaviour, power, interpersonal communication, group structure and processes, learning, attitude development, perception, change processes, conflict, work design, and work stress
sociocultural dimension
customs, values, and demographic characteristics of the society in which the organization functions, ex: McDonalds demographic shifts in number of single adults, growing concerns about health
Quantitative Management Perspective
looks at numbers, focuses on decision making, economic effectiveness, mathematical models, and the use of computers to solve quantitative problems
define the art of management
making decisions and solving problems using a blend of intuition, experience, instinct, and personal insights, creativity
define effective
making the right decisions and successfully implementing them
All ________, regardless of whether they are large or small, profit-seeking or not-for-profit, domestic or multinational, use some combination of human, financial, physical, and information resources to achieve their goals.
managers
what are the 5 main areas of an organization?
marketing, financial, operations, HR, administration
informational roles
monitor, disseminator, spokesperson
crisis
most common form of turbulence
economic dimension
represents the general economic health of the country or region in which the organization operates, ex: modest economic growth, moderate unemployment, low inflation, focus on the day-to-day
What are the two forms of classical management perspective?
scientific and administrative management
define profit organizations
seeking profit, primary goal is making money, advancing capital, makes organization grow
what is the importance of organizational culture?
shape the firm's effectiveness and long term success, increase productivity
define efficient
using resources wisely and in a cost effective way, about money and people
what is scientific management
ways to improve production of individual works, simple tasks, Babbage
merger
when two or more companies join to form a single firm
__________________ are generally overrepresented in the executive ranks of most organizations today.
white men
owners
whoever can claim property rights to an organization, private means owner of the company, public means shareholders
Culture determines the organization's _____.
feel
Azim is using an enterprise resource planning system to help monitor the activities of consumers and competitors. He plans to use this to make recommendations for future planning. Which process is Azim engaged in?
Environmental scanning
Kamiya owns a small business that has always put customer service first, even if it meant a loss in profit. Kamiya's company is being bought by another firm that has always emphasized profits, to the point that some employees are fired if they cost the company profit. What will be the greatest challenge of integrating the two companies?
Establishing a single organizational culture
If a company creates a committee to review its guidelines concerning selection and promotion, it is attempting to manage social responsibility through what?
Ethical compliance
What is the extent to which an organization follows basic standards of moral behavior?
Ethical compliance
Why would a country enact a "buy national" law?
To protect domestic businesses
What is the ole of regulatory agencies in the task environment?
To protect the public
Nour's responsibilities include creating organizational goals and overall strategy for the organization. In terms of her level in the organization, which type of manager is Nour?
Top manager
Which of the following is a lobbyist likely to do?
Try to influence legislation.
A nation's cost of living is part of its ________
economic environment
what are the 3 parts of an economic environment?
economic system, natural resources (Venezuela), Infrastructure
Employers often prefer to rely on temporary workers because they _____.
offer greater flexibility
The contemporary field that focuses on behavioral perspectives on management is known as _____.
organizational behavior
Math-A-Mazing requires all employees to wear something math-related to work every day. They help by providing pins, scarves, and caps printed with numbers or math signs. Employees can wear one of these items or come up with their own. According to the company, this policy makes the company a fun and exciting place to work. This management decision affects the _____.
organizational culture
What a company stands for, how it does things, and what it considers important are all learned from the
organizational culture
Suppliers
organizations that provide resources for other organizations
Aicha, the coach of a women's basketball team, prepares the team's playing strategy for an upcoming basketball tournament. The strategy devised will be successful only if the players are allocated appropriate positions in the team according to their strengths. In this scenario, which of the following managerial functions must Aicha perform to allocate playing positions to the players?
organizing
Arguments for Social Responsibility
(1) business creates problems, and should therefore help solve them (2) corporations are citizens in our society (3) business often has the resources necessary to solve problems (4) business is a partner in our society, along with the government and the general population.
what are the 3 common options for managing ethics?
1. Creating ethics codes 2. Moral judgments 3. Maintaining organizational justice
W. Edwards Deming
14 steps to quality management plan, do, check, act cycle improving production during WWII teaching senior managers in Japan about quality
What is the percentage of women engaged in work in management and professional occupations in the United States?
52 percent
In filling an opening on his staff, Atmir has looked beyond traditional sources of new employees. He wants to find a broad set of better-qualified employees from a variety of backgrounds. What can be created by using nontraditional sources and creating diversity within the organization?
A competitive advantage
What is a theory
A conceptual framework for organizing knowledge and providing a blueprint for action
How do technology and ethics relate
A final set of issues that has emerged in recent times involves information technology. Among the specific questions in this area are individual rights to privacy and the potential abuse of information technology by individuals
In what way is a global business different from a multinational business?
A global business is not committed to a single home country.
quota
A limit placed on the quantities of a product that can be imported
strategic alliance
A long-term partnership between two or more companies established to help each company build competitive market advantages
Jolanta was elected by stockholders to oversee a company's management. While she provides general oversight, she does not get involved with the daily activities of the company. Which part of a company's internal environment is Jolanta?
A member of the board of directors
Which is an assumption of Theory Y?
A person's potential is often underutilized.
open system
A system in which matter can enter from or escape to the surroundings
closed system
A system in which no matter is allowed to enter or leave
What is a tariff?
A tax collected on goods shipped across national boundaries
tariff
A tax on imported goods
Which area of classical management should you study to learn more about managing the total organization?
Administrative
Apoorva works for a multinational organization, and she is in charge of the local division. Which type of work will be expected of her?
Addressing local and regional issues
Rene is a manager at a mid-size hospital. She has basic familiarity with all functional areas necessary to manage the hospital. Which type of manager is she?
Administrative
The need to provide structure and direction to enable a growing group of middle managers to plan, organize, lead, and control calls for which management perspective within the new top management team?
Administrative
What is administrative management
Administrative, or general, managers are not associated with any particular management specialty. Probably the best example of an administrative management position is that of a hospital or clinic administrator. Administrative managers tend to be generalists; they have some basic familiarity with all functional areas of management rather than specialized training in any one area
Who or what could a manager study to see an early example of staff organization used to coordinate activities during military campaigns?
Alexander the Great
licensing
An arrangement whereby one company allows another to use its' brand name, trademark, tech, patent, copyright, or other assets in exchange for a royalty based on sales
Social Responsibility
An organization's obligation to maximize its positive impact and minimize its negative impact on society
Ugar is a manager who likes change. When people become complacent, he tries to shake things up to reenergize them. How does Ugar likely see change management?
As an opportunity
Although standards of ethics vary from person to person, how do we apply the concept of ethical behavior?
As generally accepted social norms
Which of the following is a potential drawback to the quantitative management perspective?
Assumptions may not be realistic.
power respect
Authority is inherent in one's position within a hierarchy
market economy
Based on the private ownership of business that allows market factors such as supply and demand to determine business strategy, not government
In terms of ethical leadership, which way can a CEO set the company's moral tone for all employees?
Be honest and straightforward.
In some countries, it is expected that people shake hands when they are introduced. In other cultures, the appropriate action is to bow slightly or to exchange business cards. These are examples of which type of process that vary in a global economy?
Behavioral
Which management perspective helps contemporary managers recognize the importance of employees as valuable resources instead of mere tools?
Behavioral
Beige Inc. sells very few products in the market, has a constant and stable supply of resources, and faces relatively little competition. Which of the following statements is true of the environmental uncertainty faced by Beige?
Beige Inc. has a simple environment with relatively low levels of uncertainty.
corporate governance ethics
Boards of directors must be independent from the firms they represent
BritTrek is a British bicycle company. It produces its mountain bikes in England and sells them throughout North America. Which of the following best characterizes this arrangement?
BritTrek is exporting its products to North America.
arguments against social responsbility
Businesses should simply focus on making a profit Involvement gives businesses too much power Can dictate some terms for whatever we are giving $$ to Ex: Kyle Field donors There is a potential for conflict of interest Organizations lack the expertise
How is a medium-sized organization likely to work with international markets?
Buying and selling products
How has legislation such as the Civil Rights Act of 1964 served to increase diversity in the workforce?
By forcing organizations to hire more broadly
organizational leadership and culture
Can define the social responsibility stance adopted by an organization, flows from the top mgmt
Which perspective consists of two distinct branches, scientific management and administrative management?
Classical management perspective
Which aspect of social orientation is the belief that the group comes first?
Collectivism
Manoj is very good at transmitting ideas to others, coordinating work with peers and colleagues, and keeping higher-level managers informed. In other words, Manoj excels at which type of skills?
Communication
Nila applied for a management position in her organization, but she did not get it. She was told she had not yet demonstrated the ability to think in the abstract and did not seem to grasp how all the parts of the organization fit together. Which type of management skill does Nila need to work on?
Conceptual
Scientific management
Concerned with improving the performance of individual workers
Montazar has set up several programs to improve the social responsibility efforts of his organization. However, he is not sure which have been effective and which have not. How can Montazar make this determination?
Conduct a corporate social audit.
Samir is the supplies purchaser for his office. Samir's brother is a sales rep at a firm that offers a competitive price on the copier paper Samir needs to buy, so Samir did not look for a less expensive supplier. What might have occurred in this scenario?
Conflict of interest
Avec runs an organization that is in a rapidly changing environment. Which management perspective should Avec take when planning how to respond to changes in the environment?
Contingency
Which perspective suggests that universal theories cannot be applied to organizations because each organization is unique?
Contingency
Geert has managers who work all over the world. Each month, all managers are included in an online meeting. In order to accommodate the time differences for all managers, Geert varies the time of day or evening these meetings take place. Which management function is used when considering the needs of all his international employees?
Controlling
What is often at the center of debates on ethics and social responsibility?
Corporate governance
Olesia is a strong believer in corporate social responsibility. Which argument would support Olesia's view?
Corporations are citizens in our society.
Which type of management skills refer to the manager's ability to correctly recognize and define problems and opportunities?
Decision-making
Which approach to social responsibility is likely to include firms that will admit to wrongdoings and take corrective actions only as they are legally required to do, and nothing more?
Defensive
In addition to the rate of change, how does the environment affect an organization?
Degree of homogeneity
What is considered to be a driving force that influences many organizational decisions?
Degree of uncertainty
Area When applying moral judgment to a behavior, what should occur after relevant factual information has been collected?
Determine the most appropriate moral values.
Keane Industries is a privately owned firm that manufactures and installs large, deep well digging equipment that can be operated with little technical expertise. The company has a cash surplus due to a highly profitable decade of sales in its domestic market. Now ready to enter foreign markets, the biggest priority for the owners is to maintain full control of any new operations. Which level of international business activity is Keane Industries seeking?
Direct investment
Which of the following occurs when a firm headquartered in one country purchases operating facilities in a foreign country?
Direct investment
Tariq joined Mikel's organization three months ago. Although Tariq is well qualified and has done a good job so far, when it came time for a salary increase he received less that other workers who had been there much longer. He attributed the difference to the fact that he was a new employee, and he felt that given the circumstances, his increase was very fair. Which type of justice does this indicate?
Distributive
What is the term that describes differences among people?
Diversity
Which of the following is a key element of multiculturalism within an organization?
Diversity
Kamiya has a small business and buys all of her supplies locally. While she does some online business, all of the sales are within the country. Which type of business does Kamiya have?
Domestic
Anke believes that a manager's concern for workers would lead to increased satisfaction. This, in turn, would increase performance. Who's theories would support this view?
Douglas McGregor
Into which environmental challenge would natural resources and infrastructure issues fall?
Economic
L'Meese is conducting a situational analysis in order to develop a five-year strategic plan. See is reviewing a summary of domestic GDP, inflation, and unemployment projections and trends. L'Meese is looking at potential growth patterns for which type of indicators?
Economic
What do successful executives understand about the art and the science of management?
Effective management is a blend of both.
What is true regarding quality as a contemporary management challenge?
Enhancing quality lowers costs
Which of the following is a reason why quality is an important management challenge today?
Enhancing quality lowers costs.
What might occur to an organization when it does not monitor feedback from its environment and make adjustments as needed?
Entropy
Which of the following refers to a normal process leading to system decline?
Entropy
Darian has a profitable software company in his home country, but he wants to sell his software in international markets. He knows he can make modifications to his current facility that will work in other markets. Which type of approach to internationalization should Darian pursue?
Exporting
Which type of environment includes everything outside an organization's boundaries that might affect it?
External
T/F After Japan won the World Cup one of its players apologized profusely for appearing to criticize the coach. American athletes in many sports criticize fellow players, coaches, and managers. This is an example of how ethical behavior is similar across cultures.
FALSE
Ira is a manager at a textile company. He and his staff are focused on accounting, cash management, and investment activities. In which area of the company does Ira work?
Finance
Bhavik is a new employee, considered to be part of Generation Y. What is he most likely to be attracted to when looking for a job?
Flexibility
corporate social audit
Formal and thorough analysis of the effectiveness of a firm's social performance, happens when something has gone really wrong or ethics have been called into question
Who was one of the earliest advocates of scientific management?
Frederick Taylor
What is the key element for managers in a mature market economy?
Freedom of choice
Which trade agreement practices the use of the most favored nation principle, whereby members of the agreement receive preferential treatment?
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)
Which trade agreement was a major stimulus to international trade after it was first ratified in 1948 by 23 countries?
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)
Tate Inc. designs and produces a trendy line of small home appliances. International expansion is an important component of the company's growth strategy. As the management team considers the best approach for entering the Asian marketplace, what is one of the disadvantages of direct investment?
Greater political risk
What was Henri Fayol's contribution to the field of management?
He was the first to identify the specific managerial functions of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling.
Kaia's organization just formed a strategic alliance with an overseas firm and will be working with her overseas counterparts for the next several years. This will require Kaia to travel to the strategic partner's company and work closely with them. How will this relationship change her organization?
Her company is likely to become more diverse and multicultural.
Which of the following was implemented by Owen?
Higher minimum working age
Rabeya's organization allows managers to use their discretion and have flexibility when making decisions in order to adapt to their environment. They have relatively few standard operating procedures. Which type of environment are they operating in?
Highly uncertain
Which of the following can be used to provide managers a sense of heritage and avoid the mistakes of others?
Historical context of management
Ramkumar's organization has made considerable efforts to increase the diversity and multiculturalism at his organization. As a manager, what might Ramkumar notice as a result of this increase in his organization?
Improved quality of the workforce
Which area of managerial ethics includes hiring and firing policies, the protection of the privacy of employees, and wages and working conditions?
How an organization treats its employees
Who is considered to be the key pioneer of industrial psychology because of his application of psychological concepts to industrial settings?
Hugo Münsterberg
Which approach to management suggested that workers respond primarily to the social context of the workplace?
Human relations movement
Which type of manager is responsible for hiring and developing employees?
Human resource
As a middle manager, what might be Yuri's job entail?
Implementing policies and plans
Which of the following is a contribution of the quantitative management perspective?
Improved awareness and understanding of complex processes and situations
Which of the following is a reason for the increase in the average age of the U.S. workforce?
Improved health and medical care for the aging workforce
Amina felt her manager did not have all the facts when she told Amina her report was incomplete. Which type of justice was Amina's manager lacking in?
Informational
What is the relationship between quality and productivity?
Improving quality tends to increase productivity because making higher-quality products generally results in less waste and rework.
procedural justice
Individual's perceptions of the fairness used to determine outcomes Ex: male colleague against woman, sexual harassment, very minimal investigation, close din 24 hours
Yui prefers to use a pay system that rewards her employees based on their contribution to the success of the organization. Which type of social orientation does Yui support?
Individualism
What is a key disadvantage of licensing agreements as an approach to internationalization?
Inflexibility
What type of regulator is formed by its members to attempt to influence organizations?
Interest group
Which of the following is a part of an organization's general environment?
Interest rates
Which type of organization is primarily based in one country, but it acquires some resources or revenues from other countries?
International
What is a characteristic of the art (rather than the science) of management?
Intuition
economic community
Is a set of countries that agree to markedly reduce or eliminate trade barriers among member nations, a formalized market system
Which of the following is true of organizational culture?
It consists of a firm's set of values and beliefs.
In what way is the contingency perspective different from universal perspectives?
It does not attempt to identify one best way.
Which of the following is a feature of the quantitative management perspective?
It focuses on decision making, mathematical models, and the use of computers.
Which of the following is true of social responsibility?
It varies for different countries.
Nita's organization has been doing business in foreign countries for many years, and it has built plants in the local communities overseas. Recently, her company has been nationalized. What does that mean for Nita?
It was taken over by the government.
Who or what is generally the starting point of an organization's culture?
Its founder
Which of the following is a criticism of regulation?
Its goals can be accomplished by a free market system.
Jewel wants to expand into the South America market by purchasing a small production company in a South American country to handle production and distribution. Which of the following best characterizes this arrangement?
Jewel wants to buy a subsidiary in South America.
Who among the following is an example of a yuppie?
Jose, who graduated in 1986 and now works in a multinational company
Before deciding if an action of an employee is ethical, Sushil often considers what the majority of her employees would consider fair. Which ethical norm does Sushil consider?
Justice
What is the basic premise of ethical leadership?
Leaders serving as role models
Since the company's founding, Dezmon and his key executives have provided a consistent message to employees that customers, employees, communities where the company did business, and shareholders were all important. This is an example of which type of informal organization dimension of managing social responsibility?
Leadership practices
Since the company's founding, Petra and her top executives have provided a consistent message to employees that customers, employees, communities where the company did business, and shareholders were all important. This is an example of which type of informal organization dimension of managing social responsibility?
Leadership practices
As the top human resource executive, Ahmed is responsible for ensuring compliance with regulations concerning hiring, pay, and workplace safety. Which formal dimension of social responsibility is Ahmed involved in?
Legal
What can government-appointed agencies who monitor and control certain aspects of business activity do to implement legislation on organizations that violate regulations?
Levy fines.
Excessive transportation costs, government regulations, and home production costs might lead a firm to choose which approach to internationalization?
Licensing
Montazar has formed an agreement with an international firm in which he can use its brand name and technology on his products. In return, he pays the other firm a royalty, based on sales. Which type of arrangement has Montazar entered into?
Licensing
Even though there have been changes in the general environment, Pallavi and her managers feel they are responding well. How might Pallavi's company adjust their strategic response?
Maintain the status quo.
_____ wrote the books The Tipping Point, Blink, and Outliers.
Malcolm Gladwell
Farida, a manager at Pepper Edison Bank, uses mathematical models to figure out how many cashiers need to be on duty at each location at various times throughout the day. Which of the following approaches is used by Farida?
Management science
Lupita is using computer simulations to determine what will happen to parts produced by her company during extreme temperature changes. What will help Lupita in understanding potential changes?
Management science
Which of the following describes any person whose primary responsibility is to carry out the management process?
Manager
Eli's company has decided to pay workers a living wage instead of a legally required minimum wage. Eli considers this part of the ethical treatment of his employees. Which type of ethical standards is Eli promoting in his organization?
Managerial
When two firms merge, how can the two different cultures be blended successfully?
Managers must have a clear idea of what they want to create.
Julius owns a business where he sets a business strategy based on factors such as supply and demand. Which type of economic system is Julius in?
Market economy
Which type of economy is based on the private ownership of business?
Market economy
What is the broad set of issues associated with differing values, behaviors, and attitudes held by people within an organization?
Multiculturalism
Nour's organization buys raw materials from all over the world, and in turn, sells finished goods worldwide. Which type of organization does Nour run?
Multinational
The United States, Canada, and Mexico entered into which agreement to eliminate barriers to trade among them?
NAFTA
What can an organization use to influence the government?
Networks and personal contacts
Ozlem's firm is highly specialized, and the cost of entry into the market runs in the millions, and as a result, there are only three other firms that do what her company does. However, her company's products sell well, and parts needed to produce them are plentiful. Which competitive force is Ozlem least likely to worry about?
New entrants
Many managers are facing an increased work pace, less time to think through a decision, and more information to process. This can all be tied to which contemporary management challenge?
New technology
By 2030, which population group is expected to see the largest decline?
Non-Hispanic White
Which of the following influences patterns of work-related behavior and attitudes towards work?
Norms
Which is an approach to social responsibility in which firms do as little as possible to solve social or environmental problems?
Obstructionist stance
direct investment
Occurs when a firm headquartered in one country builds or purchases operating facilities or subsidiaries, ex: NAFTA allowed for American manufacturing to use Mexico and Canada as a place of manufacturing
strategic alliance
Occurs when two or more firms jointly cooperate for mutual gain
How does the aging of the workforce affect organizations?
Older workers make greater contributions to productivity.
Which type of system interacts with its environment?
Open
Which approach in management acknowledges that human behavior is much more complex than the human relationists realized?
Organizational behavior
What is an informal organization dimension of managing social responsibility?
Organizational culture
What is the perception of people in an organization regarding the fairness of a practice, decision, or behavior?
Organizational justice
Which of the following is an argument in favor of social responsibility?
Organizations are responsible for making pollution and should help solve it.
What is considered to be the most fundamental trend in diversity and multiculturalism today?
Organizations becoming more diverse and multicultural
Neil's department was recently assigned a new project. His next task on the project is to determine how his people and other resources will be allocated to the project. At this point, which managerial function is Neil tackling?
Organizing
Payal has just accepted a three-year assignment to run the overseas division of her organization. Before she transfers, Payal and her family are required to take several classes on culture, housing, language, and lifestyle. Which element of management is Payal's organization preparing her for?
Organizing
What is a potential limitation of the quantitative management perspective?
Other important skills may not be considered.
Who was one of the first to describe job specialization practices?
Plato
What is a Theory X assumption?
People prefer to be directed and to avoid responsibility.
Darian, a local manufacturer, and his local Congresswoman have been friends for years. Darian has been concerned about a potential new law that would fundamentally change how he does business. When his friend was in town, they met over dinner to talk about this potential law and the effects it will have on the community. Which type of influence did Darian use to influence the government?
Personal contacts
Which of the following is the key element in quality decisions about what is the right behavior for a situation?
Personal judgment
Slow's BBQ donates food to the city's public library, which provides free lunch to children in the summer. Slow's is attempting to manage social responsibility through what?
Philanthropic giving
Which of the following is a formal dimension of managing social responsibility for organizations?
Philanthropic giving
Aisha's firm is expanding internationally, and it is determining the benefits of buying an existing firm in the new location, building one, or finding a strategic alliance. Which management function is Aisha's firm using?
Planning
Selecting the course of action that would most likely lead to success would be included in which management function?
Planning
When considering the basic management functions, decision making is part of which process?
Planning
What are the functions of management
Planning and decisional making, organizing, leading and controlling
Jewel's industry donates millions of dollars to candidates that support the goals of her industry. Their collective goal is to influence legislation so that they can be more competitive in the global market. Which type of government influence is Jewel a part of?
Political action committee
Alacorp wants to open a new plant, and has narrowed it down to three possible cities. Mikel's job is to investigate the deed and zoning restrictions of each potential location, as well as the tax rates. Mikel also must report on each city council's history in working with new business. Mikel is focusing on which dimension of the general environment?
Political-legal
Car manufacturers must meet certain emissions standards as dictated by the federal and state governments. This requirement is an aspect of what dimension of the general environment?
Political-legal
As the head of IT, Ramon feels strongly about online privacy and has taken measures to address this issue. What can Ramon do to ensure all employees and users of the company systems are aware of the firm's stand on privacy?
Post the policy on the website.
During a recent staff meeting, Arayla's employees had questions about one of her decisions, and they discussed alternatives even though the decision had already been made. What is this an indication of?
Power tolerance orientation
Which of the following is a typical characteristic of a market economy?
Private ownership
Chef Ramon makes a line of salad dressings and sauces that are sold nationwide. All profits go to feeding children at food banks and shelters throughout the country. Additionally, this organization uses recycled materials to package their products and only use growers who practice fair working conditions for all employees. Which stance to social responsibility does Chef Ramon use?
Proactive
What is an effective way to establish one common vision and direction when organizations with different cultural norms merge?
Promote employees whose behaviors are consistent with the desired culture.
Ramkumar is the head of human resources at a large firm. For the past few years, his firm has had a difficult time hiring and retaining employees. What can Ramkumar do to better attract and retain today's workers?
Provide new and different incentives
What can a government do to encourage international trade?
Provide tax incentives
In which type of economic system does the government own and operate the companies that conduct business?
Public
Management science and operations management are the two branches of which management theory?
Quantitative
Armen runs a profitable jewelry manufacturing company and sells in many international markets. However, one country he sells to has just placed a limit as to how his company can sell in that country. Which of the following will now limit how much Armen can sell?
Quota
Which of the following indicates how stable or dynamic the environment is?
Rate of change
In what way can the government attempt to influence how a business operates, and what they can and cannot do?
Regulation
Which of the following is a dimension of an organization's task environment?
Regulators
social orientation
Relative importance of the interests of the individuals vs the interests of the group
Which ethical norm is based on whether the act respects the people involved in the decision?
Rights
Whose works should you study if you want to understand the origins of the recognition of the importance of human resources and the personal welfare of workers?
Robert Owen
The culture at SilverCircle is quite weak. The management team changes often. Employees are not able to sense any direction or purpose for the company, and there is a high turnover rate. In contrast, employees at Wellesby speak very highly of the company. Many of them have worked there for years under the guidance of a steady management team. The differences in culture at the two companies are in part attributable to what?
Shared experiences
Which of the following would be an ethical breach on the part of an employee toward the organization?
Sharing confidential information
Aviva is a mid-level manager and is attending continuing education classes on the weekends. Even though she is already a manager, what is the advantage of Aviva continuing her education?
She can become familiar with current research.
What is an advantage of importing or exporting over other approaches to internationalization?
Small cash outlay and little risk
Logan Chemicals has a long history of dumping waste in a local stream. Recently, it has made major efforts to reduce pollution in order to help clean up the environment. Logan Chemicals is responding to what contemporary management challenge?
Social responsibility
Whenever Jena's Juice introduces a new flavor, the company donates five cents for each unit sold to fund breast cancer research. Jena's Juice is responding to what contemporary management challenge?
Social responsibility
Which of the following brought renewed focus on diversity and increased sensitivity to diversity?
Social unrest
Sabine runs a clothing import business, but she makes it a policy to import only from countries that do not violate human rights. Additionally, she gives 10 percent of all profits to promote reading for children in her community. Which area of social responsibility is important to Sabine?
Social welfare
Where does direct regulation usually evolve from?
Societal beliefs
Which term refers to employees deliberately working at a pace slower than their capabilities?
Soldiering
Raj owns a franchised food operation and operates in an environment with very little uncertainty. What contributes to this low level of uncertainty?
Stable and simple environments
When Amina needs additional employees on a short term basis, she contacts an employment agency. This agency not only has employees Amina can contract with on a short term basis, but they share information on trends and economic conditions with Amina. Which aspect of the task environment does the employment agency work in when supporting Amina?
Supplier
_____ are organizations that provide resources for other organizations.
Suppliers
Which of the following includes inputs, transformation processes, outputs, and feedback in a way that allows them to function as an interrelated set of elements?
System
Which of the following is an interrelated set of elements functioning as a whole?
System
T/F A manager paying an employee less than he deserves, simply because the manager knows the employee cannot afford to quit or risk losing his job by complaining, might be considered unethical.
TRUE
Which economic community is considered to be one of the most important in the world?
The European Union
What are the hawthorn studies
The Hawthorne studies were a series of early experiments that focused on behavior in the workplace. In one experiment involving this group of workers, for example, researchers monitored how productivity changed as a result of changes in working conditions. The Hawthorne studies and subsequent experiments led scientists to the conclusion that the human element is very important in the workplace.
Which competitive force can supplant or diminish the need for an existing product or service?
Threat of substitute products
Which of the following is least likely to be the goal of a not-for-profit organization?
Tangible goals
Which type of environment includes useful information a firm can use about competitors, suppliers, customers, and strategic partners?
Task
As a first-line manager, Payal spends a lot of time training her employees and answering questions about work-related problems. Which type of fundamental skill does Payal use to do this?
Technical
Which type of management skills are necessary to accomplish or understand the specific kind of work done in an organization?
Technical
Over the next several years, Sushil expects electric vehicles to impact revenues in the retail gas and oil unit of her firm. The expansion of electric vehicles will impact which general environment dimension for Sushil's firm?
Technological
Tariq's organization manufactures custom-ordered blinds. New software on its web site that allows customers to select size, colors, and other features to design their own blinds is part of which dimension of its general environment?
Technological
Which of the following acts emphasized the importance of providing equal employment opportunities for people with various impairments?
The Americans with Disabilities Act
Which of the following is one of the key contributions of the classical management perspective?
The attention on management as a valid subject of scientific inquiry
Behavioral management
The behavioral management perspective focuses on employee behavior in an organizational context. Stimulated by the birth of industrial psychology, the human relations movement supplanted scientific management as the dominant approach to management in the 1930s and 1940s. Prominent contributors to this movement were Elton Mayo, Abraham Maslow, and Douglas McGregor. Organizational behavior, the contemporary outgrowth of the behavioral management perspective, draws from an interdisciplinary base and recognizes the complexities of human behavior in organizational settings.
What is classical management
The classical management perspective had two primary thrusts. Scientific management focused on employees within organizations and on ways to improve their productivity. Noted pioneers of scientific management were Frederick Taylor, Frank and Lillian Gilbreth, Henry Gantt, and Harrington Emerson. Administrative management focused on the total organization and on ways to make it more efficient and effective.
Anke assumed that, like her, all of her students would want to earn the highest grades possible and that would motivate them to do their best work. She was surprised to discover that many students were happy to just "get by" with an average grade. However, when Anke demonstrated how extra effort on certain coursework could translate into experience that could lead to a better job after graduation, a number of "average" students began to work harder. Anke's experience is consistent with which view of management?
The contingency perspective
Raphael believes that a single set of rules should be applied to all employees in all situations, with no variation. Juan, on the other hand, feels that employees and situations are unique. Rules should either be written with options to apply to different situations, or, ideally, they should be flexible. Juan's position is best aligned with which view of management?
The contingency perspective
Zereth recently made a lateral move in the company and now oversees a new department. She mentioned to a friend that the management style she used in her former department is falling flat with her new staff. They do not seem to respond to the same sorts of incentives, and she is looking for new ways to motivate and encourage them. Zereth's experience is consistent with which view of management?
The contingency perspective
The number of elements combined with the amount of segmentation in an environment make up _____.
The degree of homogeneity
Which of the following can result in cultural problems in an organization?
The growth of rival factions within the organization
Why is it important for managers to study history?
The historical context can help managers avoid the mistakes of others.
What was the final conclusion of the Hawthorne studies?
The human element is very important in the workplace.
Sweetie Pie bakery sells products nationwide. Products are made from natural ingredients, and packaging is all made from recycled materials. For every product sold, Sweetie Pie plants a tree to promote sustainability. Which area of social responsibility does Sweetie Pie promote?
The natural environment
Which of the following is an advantage of hiring retirees in an organization?
The organization gets the expertise of skilled workers.
informational justice
The perceived fairness of info used for decisions
In a single organization, members of the sales staff always wear business attire, while the product development staff dresses more casually. What does this illustrate?
The same culture is not found throughout the organization.
Polani is working on her firm's approach to social responsibility. How should she approach the development of this strategy?
The same way as any other business strategy
Which is a layer of the external environment of an organization?
The task environment
Which of the following dimensions refers to the methods available for converting resources into products or services?
The technological dimension
What is the premise of an integrated framework to approaches to management?
The units within an organization are interdependent.
Paramita believes that people naturally do not like work, and as a manager, she must control, direct, coerce, and even threaten her employees to get them to work toward the organization's goals. Paramita's management style is informed by which view within the behavioral management perspective?
Theory X
Which is a pessimistic and negative view of workers consistent with the views of scientific management, that claims people do not like work and try to avoid it?
Theory X
Hua believes that people view work as a natural part of their lives. As a manager, he feels that he can get the best out of his staff by creating an environment in which they will seek and accept responsibility and where they will receive personal rewards when they reach certain goals. Hua's management style is informed by which view within the behavioral management perspective?
Theory Y
Marah's organization is in an environment with a high number of elements that seem to be constantly changing. The environment is very dynamic and complex. What can be said about the uncertainty Marah's organization is likely to face?
There is a high degree of uncertainty.
What is generally true about management theories that are used to build organizations and guide them to their goals?
They are grounded in reality.
Which of the following best defines subsystems?
They are systems within another system.
Which of the following is true of first-line managers?
They oversee the day-to-day operations of their team.
Which of the following is true of multinational corporations (MNCs)?
They transfer capital and information from one market to another.
Nila's construction firm was awarded a contract to build a new hospital in a Middle Eastern country. However, the construction project was already three months behind schedule because they could not secure the required permits. When Nila met with her local counterparts, they seemed very unconcerned about this delay. Which of the following accounts for this different perspective about the delay?
Time orientation
Which skill is part of the art of management?
Time-management
Ugar is on the board of directors for a firm that lost millions of dollars this past year. During the board meeting, the discussion turned to providing an increase in salary for the CEO of the organization. Ugar felt he would be held accountable for this unwarranted pay raise, as did several other board members. What is their responsibility to the organization referred to as?
To ensure corporate governance
Which of the following is a goal of the World Trade Organization?
To establish impartial procedures for resolving trade disputes
What was the goal of GATT when it was developed?
To promote trade by reducing barriers
When receiving a new project form his manager, Manoj likes to know all the details and expectations up front. If some information is unavailable, Manoj finds this very stressful. Which of Hofstede's orientations would Manoj have a low level of?
Uncertainty acceptance
Which of the following is a factor in the economic dimension of an organization?
Unemployment
What is meant when we say managers must be efficient?
Using resources wisely and cost-effectively
Which of the following is part of the sociocultural dimension of an organization?
Values of customers
cultural environment
Values, symbols, beliefs, and language differ from one country to another
When is information management especially important to an organization?
When forming an initial understanding
When do buyers have the most power as a competitive force?
When there are relatively few buyers
What is one of the key questions that must be addressed by a manager who wants to be effective in the international market?
Whether the firm should focus on regionalism or globalization
Where do ethical breakdowns of senior leadership generally start?
With a breakdown of corporate governance
Where does any effort to enhance ethical behavior in the workplace begin?
With top management
In an experiment on piecework, what did Mayo and his associates conclude?
Workers would rather be accepted by the group than make more money.
uncertainty orietation
an emotional response to uncertainty and change
A developing country in South America offers your firm a construction subsidy if you build your new plant there. This is an example of _____
an incentive for international trade
One of the most critical challenges facing managers today is _____.
an unpredictable economy that limits growth
organizational stakeholders
anybody, person or org, who is directly affected by the practices of an organization and has a stake in its' performance, task environment: all the ppl who have direct influence down to the customers, ex: person has beach house, oil spill affects them
defensive stance
approach to social responsibility by which a company meets only minimum legal requirements in its commitments to groups and individuals in its social environment
accommodative stance
approach to social responsibility by which a company, if specifically asked to do so, meets legal minimums in its commitments to groups and individuals in its social environment
obstructionist stance
approach to social responsibility that involves doing as little as possible and may involve attempts to deny or cover up violations
Managers at Ruth & Fishers Corp. recognize the value of history. The company maintains an extensive archival library of its old documents and records and has also employed a full-time corporate historian. This helps the managers _____.
avoid the mistakes of others
international business
based in a single country yet acquires a meaningful share of its resources and/or revenues from other countries
exported restraint agreement
between gov'ts sets voluntary limits on good exported or important from each other
A major way to shape the culture of an organization is to _____.
bring outsiders into important managerial positions
market system
clusters of countries that engage in high levels of trade with one another, decrease cost of international trade
When Yui began a new job, included in her packet of information was a set of guidelines for how to act in accordance with the firm's values. These guidelines are the firm's _____.
code of ethics
Which skills are particularly important in the art of management?
communication
what are employee ethics
conflicts of interest, secrecy and confidentiality, honesty
The government can directly influence a business through _____.
consumer protection legislation
A manager concerned with time zone differences is worried about _______
controlling
When the right decisions are made and implemented, the management process is considered to be _____.
effective
Cora is an operations manager for a privately owned Midwestern trucking company. She spends the first day of each month reviewing the previous month's productivity levels and compares that information against monthly goals. This basic management function is known as _____.
controlling
Kayla is a high-potential worker. However, she is lazy and does not complete her assignments on time. In order to improve Kayla's work output, her boss must monitor her progress on given assignments. In this scenario, Kayla's boss will be performing the managerial function of _____.
controlling
In light of recent ethical standards in which the boards of major companies have approved loans or bonuses to CEOs or board members, increased attention has been paid to _____.
corporate governance
A French ministry has banned the word e-mail from official communication. Instead, the French words for quick and mail have been combined to form a new word. This is an official attempt to protect the French ____________
cultural environment
The language, values, symbols, and beliefs that guide behavior in a country are that country's _____.
cultural environment
Pollack Food Services supplies meals for all the schools in the Culver City public school system. In Pollack Food Services task environment, the school system is considered to be a _____.
customer
economic agents of managerial ethics
customers, competitors, stockholders, suppliers, dealers, unions
While performing the function of organizing in a global economy, managers should _____.
deal with human resources
Neil's department has come in behind schedule on its last three projects. He determined that initial specifications did not always match up with the actual demands of the project, meaning that department resources were not properly allocated and schedules could not be met. Neil introduced a project start-up procedure that would gather more information in order to verify the accuracy of the specifications before the schedule was written and the resources allocated. This scenario illustrates Neil's _____.
diagnostic skills
Diversity describes _____.
differences in people along important dimensions such as age or race
A country's infrastructure, supply of natural resources, and the conditions of its natural environment combine to form its _____.
economic environment
Watson and Raymond Inc., a courier company based in the United States, suffered a loss recently when a hurricane struck its headquarters and damaged a lot of data stored on the company's servers. In this scenario, Watson and Raymond's business was affected by its _____.
external environment
T/F A code of ethics will ensure ethical behavior by employees.
false
T/F a strategic alliance and a joint venture are the same thing
false
Advertising for Abercrombie and Fitch uses overt sexuality to sell clothes. Ads for Abercrombie, the pre-teen sizes, are only moderately less sexual and products include swimwear with padding in the chest. Many people object to this advertising. This is an example of the relationship of the _________
firm to the environment
Which type of manager would be responsible for supervising and coordinating the activities of operating employees?
first-line manager
Teresita has several open positions at her firm. What could Teresita's firm offer Millennial candidates to attract them to her firm?
flexibility in work arrangements
L'Meese is reviewing some expense reports submitted by an employee, and there appears to be some misinformation. Before L'Meese confronts her employee about this, she needs to apply moral judgment by first _____.
gathering relevant facts
three step model applying moral judgment
gathering the relevant factual info, determine the most appropriate moral values
individualism
giving priority to one's own goals over group goals and defining one's identity in terms of personal attributes rather than group identifications
collectivism
giving priority to the goals of one's group (often one's extended family or work group) and defining one's identity accordingly
The availability of natural resources and the variation in government regulation are just two of the challenges posed by _____.
globalization
Management can address concerns related to the privacy of personal information on the internet by _____.
indicating how people can opt out of data collection
power tolerance
individuals assess authority in view of its perceived rightness or their own personal interests
Geert runs a mid-sized agricultural company and is facing conditions of rapid growth and labor supply shortages. If Geert adopts the principles of behavioral management theory, he is most likely to address his immediate concerns using _____.
industrial psychology
The purchasing department at a printing business begins buying higher quality and more expensive paper. This leads to higher costs and cash flow problems identified by the finance department. Marketing notes that prices must be increased slightly, but that customer satisfaction improves, leading to more sales. According to the systems perspective, this scenario is an illustration of a subsystem with _____.
interdependence
Maximus Technologies changed a few of its policies and made its work environment employee-friendly. It increased the incentives and benefits given to its employees. This change motivated the employees, and the production rate increased by 75 percent. Maximus Technologies benefited because of the changes implemented in its _____.
internal environment
The actual physical environment, such as an office or a warehouse, and the work that people do are all part of the _____.
internal environment
The board of directors is part of an organization's _____.
internal environment
A(n) ___________ business is one that is primarily based in a single country but that acquires some meaningful share of its resources and/or revenues from other countries.
international
Aisha works closely with suppliers and customers that do business with her organization. Which type of skills would be especially important for Aisha in her interactions with them?
interpersonal
An individual who gets along well with others at all levels in the organization is said to have good _____.
interpersonal skills
An import/export operation is advantageous because it _____.
is an easy way to enter a market with a small outlay of capital
what are the contributions to classical mgmt today?
laid the foundation for mgmt theory, identified key processes, valid subject of study
What is often considered to be the most important and most challenging of all management activities?
leading
Destani's is setting up a training program for all managers who interview candidates and make hiring decisions to ensure they follow all local, state, and federal laws in all areas, from ADA compliance to determining correct knowledge, skills, and abilities needed for the job. Destani is ensuring the firm's hiring practices follow guidelines for _____.
legal compliance
Apoorva is known to take a very scientific approach to management. When making a decision, she seems to be _____.
logical
Aviva has mathematical models that she relies on at the start of each new project to determine how to allocate the resources within her department. Aviva is making use of _____.
management science
International managers _____.
need to organize to implement their plans
Franchising
o A contract between an entrepreneur (the franchisee) and a parent company (the franchiser); the entrepreneur pays the parent company for the use of its trademarks, products, formulas, and business plans
Who was mcgreggor and what did mcgreggor do
o Douglas McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y model best represents the essence of the human relations movement (see Table 2.2). According to McGregor, Theory X and Theory Y reflect two extreme belief sets that different managers have about their workers. Theory X is a relatively pessimistic and negative view of workers and is consistent with the views of scientific management. Theory Y is more positive and represents the assumptions that human relations advocates make. In McGregor's view, Theory Y was a more appropriate philosophy for managers to adhere to. Both Maslow and McGregor notably influenced the thinking of many practicing managers.
Different types of managerial environment
o General environment and task environment
Internal and external environment
o Internal - consists of the organization's owners, board of directors, employees, physical environment, and culture o External -- composed of general and task environment layers.
How do you determine what is ethical
o Nevertheless, a judgment and a decision must be made. Experts point out that, otherwise, trust is impossible, and trust, they add, is indispensable to any business transaction. Thus, to more completely assess the ethics of a particular behavior, a more complete perspective is necessary. o often subjective and subject to differences of opinion
Various types of justice
o Organizational justice § Distributive justice § Procedural justice § Interpersonal justice § Informational justice
Dajhia is currently a first-line manager, and she wants to move up into middle management. What job title should she look for when looking at her company's internal job postings?
plant-manager
How do leadership and ethics relate
o The basic premise behind ethical leadership is that because leaders serve as role models for others, their every action is subject to scrutiny. If a senior executive exercises questionable judgment, this sends a signal to others that such actions are acceptable. This signal may, in turn, be remembered by others when they face similar situations. As a result, CEOs like General Motors' Mary Barra and Costco's W. Craig Jelinek are sometimes held up as the standard against which others are being measured. The basic premise is that a CEO must set the company's moral tone by being honest and straightforward and by taking responsibility for any identified shortcomings. And, to support this view, Congress passed the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, requiring CEOs and CFOs to personally vouch for the truthfulness and fairness of their firms' financial disclosures. The law also imposes tough new measures to deter and punish corporate and accounting fraud and corruption.
Components of task management
o These environments include competitors, customers, suppliers, strategic partners, and regulators. Although the task environment is also quite complex, it provides useful information more readily than does the general environment because the manager can identify environmental factors of specific interest to the organization, rather than having to deal with the more abstract dimensions of the general environment.
· What is infrastructure
o consists of its schools, hospitals, power plants, railroads, highways, shipping ports, communication systems, airfields, commercial distribution systems, and so forth. The United States has a highly developed infrastructure.
Regulators
o elements of the task environment that have the potential to control, legislate, or otherwise influence an organization's policies and practices. There are two important kinds of regulators. The first, regulatory agencies, are created by the government to protect the public from certain business practices or to protect organizations from one another. The second, interest groups, are organized by their members to try to influence organizations.
Management science
o focuses specifically on the development of mathematical models. A mathematical model is a simplified representation of a system, process, or relationship. o At its most basic level, management science focuses on models, equations, and similar representations of reality.
Operations management
o form of applied management science. Operations management techniques are generally concerned with helping the organization produce its products or services more efficiently and can be applied to a wide range of problems.
Sociocultural dimension
o general environment includes the customs, mores, values, and demographic characteristics of the society in which the organization functions. Sociocultural processes are important because they determine the products, services, and standards of conduct that the society is likely to value. In some countries, for example, consumers are willing to pay premium prices for designer clothes, whereas the same clothes have virtually no market in other countries.
Political / legal dimension
o general environment refers to government regulation of business and the relationship between business and government. This dimension is important for three basic reasons. First, the legal system partially defines what an organization can and cannot do. Although the United States is basically a free market economy, there is still major regulation of business activity. McDonald's, for example, is subject to a variety of political and legal forces, including food preparation standards and local zoning requirements. o Second, pro- or antibusiness sentiment in government influences business activity. For example, during periods of pro-business sentiment, firms find it easier to compete and have fewer concerns about antitrust issues. On the other hand, during a period of antibusiness sentiment, firms may find their competitive strategies more restricted and have fewer opportunities for mergers and acquisitions because of antitrust concerns. During the prolonged period of economic growth that ended in 2008, the U.S. government had adopted a very hands-off approach to business, letting market forces determine business successes and failures. However, as the economy ground to a halt in 2008 and first one and then another industry began to stumble, critics began to point to lack of regulation and oversight as contributing factors. As a result, lawmakers began to take a much more pronounced interest in adopting new and stricter regulations for business. o Finally, political stability has ramifications for planning. No business wants to set up shop in another country unless trade relationships with that country are relatively well defined and stable.
Direct investment
o occurs when a firm headquartered in one country builds or purchases operating facilities or subsidiaries in a foreign country.
Competitors
o other organizations that compete with it for resources. The most obvious resources that competitors vie for are customer dollars.
Joint venture
o special type of strategic alliance in which the partners actually share ownership of a new enterprise.
Social responsibility
o the set of obligations an organization has to protect and enhance the societal context in which it functions. o Organizations may exercise social responsibility toward their stakeholders, toward the natural environment, and toward general social welfare. Some organizations acknowledge their responsibilities in all three areas and strive diligently to meet each of them, whereas others emphasize only one or two areas of social responsibility. And a few acknowledge no social responsibility at all. Moreover, views of social responsibility vary between countries
· Challenges in developing and operating in a foreign country
o three environmental challenges in particular warrant additional exploration at this point: the economic environment, the political-legal environment, and the cultural environment of international management.
Strategic alliance
o two or more firms jointly cooperate for mutual gain
Customers
o whoever pays money to acquire an organization's products or services
what are the four approaches to social responsibility?
obstructionist, defensive, accommodative, proactive stances
Destani bought stock in her favorite technology company, giving her legal property rights to the business. Destani is now a(n) _____.
owner
distributive justice
perceived fairness of the amount and allocation of rewards among individuals, ex: bob has same job as me, but he gets same raise as me, but is always late
A major computer technology firm has committed to building a computer lab at the local university, and it is awarding scholarships to students who pursue this field. This action is an example of _____.
philanthropic giving
passive goal behavior
place a higher value on social relationships, quality of life, and concern for others
Having a broad-based understanding of both environmental issues and competitive issues is an essential function of _____.
planning and decision making in a global environment
A college student was accused of sexual assault two years after the incident. He had to defend himself before a three person board without a lawyer or the ability to ask the accuser questions. The university expelled him. A lawyer then obtained the accuser's text messages from the evening in question that clearly showed consent and evidence of another consensual act with a second man later that night. The university said it followed the Obama administration's guidelines during the procedure and was maintaining the expulsion. The student was denied _________ justice.
procedural
Employees are more likely to be motivated to participate in activities, follow rules, and accept outcomes when they perceive a high level of _____.
procedural justice
Raphael works for a not-for-profit organization that provides vaccines for low-income families free of charge. This group is funded by government support through tax dollars. Which scope of management does this government organization fall under?
public administration
interpersonal justice
reflects the perceived fairness of the treatment received by employees from authorities
philanthropic giving
the awarding of funds or gifts to charities or other worthy causes
Determinants of organizational culture include ____
shared experiences
Organizations relate to their environments in ways that often involve ethical dilemmas and decisions. These situations are generally viewed within the context of the organization's _____.
social responsibility
Jinhua discovered that many of his employees were deliberately working at a pace lower than their capabilities in order to get more hours. Learning from the work of Frederick W. Taylor, Jinhua implemented a piecework pay system based on output in order to eliminate _____.
soldiering
boundary spanner
someone who spends much of their time with others outside the organizations, ex: purchasing agent
What are managers
someone whose primary responsibility is to carry out the management process. In particular, a manager is someone who plans and makes decisions, organizes, leads, and controls human, financial, physical, and information resources.
Internal Environment
specific groups that have direct impact, ex: owners, board of director, employees, physical environment, culture
Lupita's company is slowly recovering from the most recent economic recession. While the recession forced her firm to make tough decisions, it also enabled her to reframe her company. What might Lupita have done during the recession that will make the company stronger in the long run?
streamline operating procedures
the hawthorne studies
studies conducted during the 1920s and 1930s that suggested the importance of the informal organization
According to the systems perspective, the marketing, production, or finance functions of a company would all be considered _____.
subsystems
DynaView produced a cartoon program that became extremely popular. DynaView went on to create toys and games based on the characters in the program, launch a breakfast cereal featuring the program's characters, and start a line of children's clothing. All of these separate divisions within DynaView benefit from the success of the others. In this situation, according to the systems perspective, DynaView is benefiting from _____.
synergy
Sabine just submitted a bid to take over the paper supply contract for a large firm in town. She knows that another firm bid as well, and only one of them will win the contract. These two firms exist in each other's _____.
task environment
what are the basic managerial skills necessary?
tech, interpersonal, conceptual, diagnostic, communication, decision making, time manangement
hostile takeover
the acquisition of a company over the opposition of its management, not friendly
multiculturalism
the broad issues associated with differences in values, beliefs, behaviors, customs, and attitudes held by people in different cultures
Roberto is a strong believer in social responsibility, and he wants his company to become more socially responsible. One of the arguments he makes is that _____.
the company has surplus revenues that could be used to solve social problems
ethical compliance
the extent to which the members of the organization follow basic ethical (and legal) standards of behavior
legal compliance
the extent to which the organization conforms to local, state, federal, and international laws
alliance
the firm undertakes a new venture with another firm
political-legal dimension
the government regulation of business and the relationship between business and government, ex: FDA, business regulation
organizational culture
the set of values, ideas, attitudes, and norms of behavior that is learned and shared among the members of an organization, what is considered important
define top managers
the small group of people who manage the overall organization, create the organization's goals, overall strategy, and operating policies
An argument against social responsibility in organizations is that _____.
there is potential for conflicts of interest
During her recent annual performance review, Arayla was highly rated on her ability to prioritize work, to work efficiently, and to delegate work appropriately. Which management skills does Arayla use to accomplish these things?
time-management
Why is planning and decision making important to managers in an organization?
to determine how to allocate resources
Avec's company requires all new managers to work in a variety of jobs before being promoted into mid-manager positions. What is the advantage of this type of job rotation?
to have the ability to learn through experience
multinational business
uses a worldwide marketplace to buy materials, borrow money, manufacture, and sell its products
aggressive goal behavior
value material possessions, money, and assertiveness
proactive stance
views itself as a citizen and seeks opportunities to contribute
goal orientation
what motivates people to achieve different goals
Employees at Pollack Food Services are expected to report any suspected illegal or unethical conduct by members of the organization. This is a policy that encourages _____.
whistle-blowing
Employees at Sabine's organization are expected to report any suspected illegal or unethical conduct by members of the organization. This is a policy that encourages _____.
whistle-blowing
Theo works for a data mining company. He recently discovered a coworker who has knowingly breached the company's online privacy policy to complete an important project for his manager. If Theo decides to report this breach, his actions will be considered _____.
whistle-blowing
inputs from the environment
-Human resources -Financial resources -Physical resources -Information resources
What are the 4 steps of the scientific management?
1. develop a science for each element of the job to replace old rule of thumb methods 2. scientifically select employees, then train them to do the job 3. supervise employees to make sure they follow the prescribed methods for performing their jobs 4. continue to plan the work, but use the works to get the work done
All of the following are factors contributing to the gradual increasing of the average age of the US workforce EXCEPT
A booming US economy
individual ethics
A combination of factors that contribute to form an individual's ethics, ex: Family, peers, values, morals, events, educational institutions
Gantt chart
A time and activity bar chart that is used for planning, managing, and controlling major programs that have a distinct beginning and end
ethics
An individual's personal beliefs about whatever a behavior, action, or decision is right or wrong
ethical behavior
Behavior that conforms to generally accepted social norms
unethical behavior
Behavior that doesn't conform to generally accepted social norms
video example of an ethical violation
Bernie Madoff billion dollar fund scheme
why are diversity and multiculturalism changing?
Change in labor force, immigration, more diverse over centuries Diversity works and improves quality of workforce, especially in decision making → diversity of experience Legislation and legal action Globalization movement
Behavioral mgmt perspective
Emphasizes individual attitudes and behaviors and group processes what really pushed organizations forward, more focus on the employee and what their attitude was
what are the three basic perspectives of the environmental relationships of organizations?
Environmental change and complexity Competitive forces Environmental turbulence
developed techniques and strategies for eliminating inefficiency
Frank Gilberth
saw works soldering or deliberately working below their potential, created the 4 scientific steps of management
Frederick Taylor
Henry Gantt
Introduced the Gantt chart for scheduling work
define first-line managers
Lowest level. Manage the work of non-managerial employees who typically are involved with producing the organization's products or servicing the organizations customers. AKA shift managers, district managers, department managers, or office managers.
The study of management did not begin until the nineteenth century.
true
studied efficient organizational structure, bureaucracy, levels of hierarchy and how to streamline
Max Weber
environmental scanning
Monitoring of an organization's internal and external environments to detect early signs of opportunities and threats that may influence the firm's plans, ex: the DOW, news
Systems Perspective
Stepping back to view an entire process to see how each component connects with the others
international dimension
The extent to which an organization is involved in or affected by business in other countries, ex: McDonald's gets a lot of its' beef from South America
what was Prof Wesner's example about how an organization runs regarding the different areas?
When we think about structure, it's not a walled silo, it's a perforated silo, the individuals within th groups need to communicate with each other and be on the same page
what determines organizational culture?
develops over long period of time, often starts with founder ex: Chickfila, corporate success and experiences
informational scanning
electronic systems which gather, organize, and summarize information ex: Amazon rating system
decisional roles
entrepreneur, disturbance handler, resource allocator, negotiator
A religious organization that is continually re energized and refocused will likely avoid
entropy
diversity
exists in a group or organization when its members differ from one another along one or more important dimensions, such as age, gender, or ethnicity
Manufacturing now accounts for well over half of the gross domestic product in the United States and plays a similarly important role in many other industrialized nations.
false
interpersonal roles
figurehead, leader, liaison
what is administrative management?
focuses on managing the total organization, keeps works motivated, Owen
what are the contributions of organizational behavior?
gave insights into interpersonal process, managerial attention on process, view employees as recourses
what are the two types of external environment?
general and task
define non-profit organizations
gov't organizations, educational, healthcare facilities, community/social/spiritual settings
board of directors
governing body of a corporation that reports to its shareholders and delegates power to run its day-to-day operations while remaining responsible for sustaining its assets
organization
group of people working together in a structure and coordinated fashion to achieve a set of goals
what are contemporary management challenges?
humans evolve, unpredictable economy, globalization, service economy
when did management truly form?
in the 1800's when we went from local farmer/gatherers to the Industrial Revolution (Henry Ford the assembly line)
task environment
includes competitors, customers, suppliers, strategic partners, and regulators - focusing on day to day
A(n) __________________ would come under the heading of the economic element of the general environment.
increase in unemployment
what is changing in the workforce today?
increasing diversity, work ethics, gender, age, more attractive environments
acquisition
occurs when one firm buys another, most are friendly
After September 11, 2001, many companies moved uptown or to the suburbs. This is an example of change in the _____________________
physical work environment
what are the 4 areas of management in organizations?
planning/decision making, organization, lead, contolling
define middle managers
primarily responsible for implementing the policies and plans of top managers, also supervise and coordinate the activities of lower level managers, filter for info that goes upstairs and downstairs
outputs into the environment
products/services, profits/losses, employee behaviors, and information outputs
strategic response
realizing something has changed and determining what action if any is needed ex: crisis
synergy
two or more subsystem working together to produce more than the total of what they might produce working alone
A manufacturer of recyclable plastic containers is operating in an environment that is relatively free of uncertainty. This means that the manufacturer is operating in a ________________ environment.
simple and stable
What are the 5 competitive forces?
threat of new entrants, competitive rivalry, threat of substitute products, power of buyers, power of suppliers
Few large businesses have grasped how to use social media to compete more effectively, but most would agree that social media can have a major impact on business
true