MGMT 311 Final / Quiz 3 Questions

What type of innovation reflects continuous technical improvement and extends the applications of existing innovations? a. systems b. disruptive c. radical d. incremental

d. incremental

Which of the following statements is NOT true of the nature of leadership? a. Leaders need to use force and formal authority to be successful. b. Leadership is defined in terms of both process and property. c. Leaders use noncoercive influence on the people they work with. d. Leaders guide and direct group members to meet goals.

a. Leaders need to use force and formal authority to be successful.

You have been hired as CEO of a new company focused on providing home health services. What could you do to establish a strong and positive organizational culture? a. craft organizational vision, values, and goals b. let the culture develop organically c. embrace the company's enacted values and norms d. delegate to subordinates the power to maintain culture

a. craft organizational vision, values, and goals

Jian and Jared are engaged in a tech startup. Which of the following statements is true about the influences on their organizational structure? a. Because they have highly skilled technical workers, they should have flat, team-based structures. b. Because they want to be innovative and adaptable, they should aim to be a low-cost producer. c. Because the environment changes rapidly, they should centralize authority to control responses. d. Because employees collaborate and are allowed to make decisions, authority needs to be centralized.

a. Because they have highly skilled technical workers, they should have flat, team-based structures.

Which of the following statements is true about the importance of organizational culture? a. Culture can give competitive advantages. b. A strong culture is always desirable. c. A good business strategy will override corporate culture. d. Culture should emphasize results and growth.

a. Culture can give competitive advantages.

How does H&M, the clothing retailer, use a network organization to keep costs down? a. Its managers control a network of independent clothing suppliers. b. Its designers and suppliers are permanently assigned to a product team. c. Its design and sales teams are organized around geographic regions. d. Its designers report to both a product team and a sales manager.

a. Its managers control a network of independent clothing suppliers.

Nancy is the administrator at a community nonprofit. She was hired for her expertise in planning and budgeting, but she has experienced conflicts with personnel. Which of the following statements is true about Nancy's role? a. She is a manager. b. She is a leader. c. She is both a manager and a leader. d. She is neither a manager nor a leader.

a. She is a manager.

Which of the following statements characterizes mechanistic organizations? a. They have formal rules and regulations for decision making. b. They can respond quickly to changing market conditions. c. They are flexible, decentralized, and quickly adaptable. d. They have less clear lines of authority.

a. They have formal rules and regulations for decision making.

Different countries have different approaches to conflict culture. Which of the following is true for national cultures that avoid conflict? a. They highly dislike uncertainty. b. They have greater power distance. c. They are more egalitarian. d. They emphasize individualism.

a. They highly dislike uncertainty.

Which of the following questions does Vroom's decision tree approach purport to answer? a. To what extent should my subordinates be involved in making decisions? b. To what extent should my decisions reflect the best interests of my subordinates? c. How should I convince my subordinates that the decision I have made is correct? d. Have I used all the information at hand to make the correct decision?

a. To what extent should my subordinates be involved in making decisions?

Anne works for a traditional manufacturing firm. What is the most common means of developing innovation in such an organization? a. corporate research b. intrapreneurship c. entrepreneurship d. organizational socialization

a. corporate research

For multinational organizations, which type of structure is best when both global integration and local responsiveness are needed? a. global transnational division b. regional headquarters c. global area division d. global product division

a. global transnational division

Power held due to the position of authority is called __________ power. a. legitimate b. informational c. referent d. expert

a. legitimate

Which production technology is characterized by a tall bureaucratic structure with a large managerial span of control? a. mass b. small batch c. custom d. unit

a. mass

Which of the following is more closely associated with leadership than with management? a. motivating b. organizing c. budgeting d. evaluating

a. motivating

The process through which individuals learn what constitutes polite and acceptable behavior is called __________. a. socialization b. culture c. innovation d. intrapreneurship

a. socialization

According to the leader-member exchange (LMX) model, employees who are considered part of an in-group experience which of the following behaviors in their "vertical dyad" relationship? a. strong support from leadership b. fewer rewards from the organization c. assignment of simpler tasks d. less access to sensitive information

a. strong support from leadership

What is the term for the set of abilities that allows the leader to recognize the need for change, to create a vision to guide that change, and to execute the change effectively? a. transformational leadership b. transactional leadership c. charismatic leadership d. autocratic leadership

a. transformational leadership

Subunits, such as departments or groups, can also acquire and wield power. Under which condition is this true? a. when the organization is going through a period of uncertainty b. when a group's work is substitutable or able to be outsourced c. when a group's activities are limited and peripheral to the firm d. when there are plentiful resources so a subunit can accumulate them

a. when the organization is going through a period of uncertainty

Which of the following describes someone with a 1,1 rating on the Leadership Grid? a. I enjoy the personal relationships with my team and want them to feel comfortable. b. I believe in doing the minimum amount of work in order to meet organizational goals. c. I expect the work to be done and don't believe people issues should interfere. d. I support and respect my team and want them to be committed to our goals.

b. I believe in doing the minimum amount of work in order to meet organizational goals.

Which of the following conditions is NOT true for virtual organizations? a. They can exist without a permanent physical office. b. They tend to be very simple. c. Career paths are challenging for virtual employees. d. Companies gain competitive advantages from them.

b. They tend to be very simple.

When a person's beliefs about a leader change based on the behavior of other people in the situation, this is known as __________. a. transaction b. attribution c. charisma d. transformation

b. attribution

Which of the following is NOT an element of managing organization culture? a. changing the organization culture b. criticizing the organization culture c. teaching the organization culture d. taking advantage of the existing culture

b. criticizing the organization culture

According to Hersey and Blanchard, what does appropriate leader behavior depend on? a. follower charisma b. follower readiness c. follower in-group status d. follower connection

b. follower readiness

Organizational politics are a function of both individual employees and organizational culture. Which of the following would NOT be considered political behavior under the right circumstances? a. controlling communication b. providing access to information c. coalition building d. image management

b. providing access to information

When Walmart founder Sam Walton drove his old pick-up truck to work, his employees embraced his ethic of frugality. What type of power did he display? a. persuasive b. referent c. expert d. informational

b. referent

The way in which task reporting and authority relationships interact as a system determines an organization's __________. a. hierarchy b. structure c. division of labor d. strategy

b. structure

Which upward influence style emphasizes reason and uses an average amount of influence? a. shotgun b. tactician c. bystander d. ingratiator

b. tactician

Which factor determines the degree to which subordinates should participate in the decision-making process, according to Vroom's decision tree approach? a. the characteristics of the group b. the characteristics of the situation c. the manager's leadership style d. the personal characteristics of employees

b. the characteristics of the situation

When you complete the Least-Preferred Coworker Scale, whom should you have in mind? a. the type of person you generally gravitate toward b. the person with whom you can work the least well c. the type of person whom you like the least d. the person with whom you have the least in common

b. the person with whom you can work the least well

The nature of managerial leadership varies depending on the culture. Which of the following countries experiences a low need for managers to have immediate and precise answers to subordinates' questions? a. Italy b. Germany c. Sweden d. Japan

c. Sweden

How can intranets be used to reflect an open and positive organizational culture in a large company with multiple workgroups? a. They can be carefully edited to avoid uncomfortable feedback. b. They can be narrow in scope and reflect a respect for privacy of information. c. They can use stories and symbols to craft the organization's image. d. They can vary in appearance and level of information for different departments.

c. They can use stories and symbols to craft the organization's image.

Sunriver Homes Corporation has identified a need for strong strategic leadership. As they search for a new CEO, what leadership traits will they seek? a. the managerial skill to oversee day-to-day operations b. an ability to maintain the company's traditions c. a clear understanding of trends on the horizon d. sophisticated knowledge and use of distance technologies

c. a clear understanding of trends on the horizon

Oleg follows Vroom's decision tree to a terminal node and then discusses an important issue with his subordinates individually, getting their opinions before making a decision. Which style did Oleg use? a. decide b. facilitate c. consult d. delegate

c. consult

Liam wants to influence his team by requesting their advice to solve a problem and to mutually set some performance goals. Which type of influence would this represent? a. inspirational appeals b. ingratiation c. consultation d. personal appeals

c. consultation

Hareesh's employees are extremely competent and motivated. If Hareesh follows the Hersey and Blanchard model, then what type of leadership style should he use? a. participating b. telling c. delegating d. selling

c. delegating

The process of selecting and managing aspects of organizational structure and culture to enable the organization to achieve its goals is called organizational __________. a. formalization b. centralization c. design d. span of control

c. design

When integrating employees, under what structure do managers from different units informally work together to coordinate or to identify and solve shared problems? a. permanent task forces b. cross-functional teams c. direct contact d. liaison roles

c. direct contact

In path-goal theory, which leadership style is best for managing employees who are new to dealing with ambiguous, unstructured tasks? a. supportive b. achievement-oriented c. directive d. participative

c. directive

Micah is known as someone who is respectful of and concerned about his subordinates. He effectively communicates so that his subordinates know what is expected of them. How would he be categorized according to the Ohio State leadership studies? a. high consideration, low initiating b. low consideration, low initiating c. high consideration, high initiating d. low consideration, high initiating

c. high consideration, high initiating

Sandra just stepped into the role of CEO for a restaurant chain. Sales have been falling, morale is low, and the properties have become rundown. The board of directors hired her because she's a charismatic leader. Using that style, what steps can she take to turn this organization around? a. engage in a data-driven study about how to increase sales b. set moderate expectations so people can have quick successes c. model self-confidence and show confidence in subordinates d. focus on routine and regimented activities

c. model self-confidence and show confidence in subordinates

Because of their many layers of authority and strong bureaucracy, hospitals tend to have conflict cultures that are characterized by withholding information and withdrawing from work when there's conflict. What type of conflict culture is this? a. collaborative b. avoidant c. passive-aggressive d. dominating

c. passive-aggressive

Which of the following behaviors would be most likely to decrease the overall occurrence of politics within an organization? a. enacting change b. increasing workgroup size c. reducing uncertainty d. building coalitions

c. reducing uncertainty

Which of the following is NOT an element that makes up an organization's culture? a. shared values, norms, and assumptions b. trust and positive relationships c. span of control d. how employees get work done

c. span of control

Leaders who act as "coaches" within an organization are typically most likely to __________. a. supervise team members b. oversee day-to-day operations c. train group members d. initiate group conflicts

c. train group members

A task characterized by a high degree of structure and intrinsic satisfaction may render leadership behavior __________. a. counterproductive b. unavoidable c. unnecessary d. essential

c. unnecessary

Far Horizons, Inc. has experienced a lot of absenteeism and turnover among employees, particularly among ethnic and religious minorities. Management decided to implement several policies to better reflect its values of nondiscrimination and respect for everyone. Which of the following steps could it take to create a culture of inclusion? a. Survey customers on social media about their perceptions of organizational culture. b. Explain to employees why they need to be kind and respectful. c. Give everyone the week off between Christmas and New Year's Day. d. Adjust working hours to accommodate workers' personal needs.

d. Adjust working hours to accommodate workers' personal needs.

Creating smaller units within a larger organization can increase which of the following benefits? a. lower costs b. economies of scale c. coordination d. flexibility

d. flexibility

Rewards are one of the strongest tools a manager can use to influence employee behavior. You want to develop rewards for the sales force at your company in order to increase profits. Which of the following statements is true about how you should proceed? a. Offer a monthly prize based on total sales. b. Tailor rewards so that top earners can get a head start for success. c. Set high goals so that there's a sense of competition for the rewards. d. Give different rewards to different employees, based on their desires.

d. Give different rewards to different employees, based on their desires.

Assume you are interested in acquiring more power within your organization. Which of the following statements is true for your situation? a. Being able to fire a subordinate who does not follow formal work rules increases power. b. Convincing people that they're in-group members builds your power. c. Being able to influence others against their will ensures greater power. d. Having professional relationships outside the company is powerful.

d. Having professional relationships outside the company is powerful.

Andrea suspects that her boss is adept at impression management and is conveying a false sense of who he really is. She decides to watch him carefully for cues that he's being less than honest about himself. Which of the following items might provide her with evidence? a. He blinks less often when trying to persuade her about something. b. He gestures frequently with his hands to emphasize his points. c. He uses a quieter voice when he's trying to be convincing. d. He fidgets more when talking about himself and his accomplishments.

d. He fidgets more when talking about himself and his accomplishments.

In recent years, there has been a renewed interest in the trait approach to determining leadership characteristics. Which of the following statements is true about this approach? a. Early studies identified being short as a leadership trait. b. Leadership can be predicted by factors such as body shape and handwriting style. c. Women and minorities have been well represented in the trait studies. d. Recent studies have identified a limited set of leadership traits, such as emotional intelligence, drive, and charisma are acknowledged leadership traits

d. Recent studies have identified a limited set of leadership traits, such as emotional intelligence, drive, and charisma are acknowledged leadership traits

Which of the following statements indicates an accurate understanding of organizational culture? a. Within an organization, people explicitly tell newcomers how to adhere to the culture. b. People who can do well in one organization can do well pretty much anywhere. c. Skills and experience are way more important in hiring than how a person fits in. d. Strong organizational cultures aren't necessarily associated with high performance.

d. Strong organizational cultures aren't necessarily associated with high performance.

Which of the following statements about communities of practice is true? a. They are generally not recognized by executive leadership. b. They usually are officially referenced on organizational charts. c. They are able to operate independent of any management. d. They can use the company intranet to cultivate a sense of community.

d. They can use the company intranet to cultivate a sense of community.

Charles was a relatively new and inexperienced leader assigned to an experienced workgroup with long-standing performance norms and high group cohesiveness. These factors were so strong that nothing Charles did to change things had much effect. What type of leadership substitute is this? a. an in-group/out-group challenge b. an organizational roadblock c. a leader-member exchange d. a leadership neutralizer

d. a leadership neutralizer

Which term refers to demeaning, exploiting, or taking advantage of another or influencing someone to do something they later regret? a. coercion b. empowerment c. reference d. abuse of power

d. abuse of power

According to Project GLOBE, which of the following is NOT a universal characteristic of strong leaders, regardless of culture or geography? a. being self-sacrificing b. acting diplomatic c. ensuring safety d. being immodest

d. being immodest

Which is typical of companies with a prebureaucratic structure? a. grouping of people with like skills into departments b. organized functions around particular products c. established hierarchies and formal divisions of labor d. early control of organizational decisions and growth

d. early control of organizational decisions and growth

Johann is an German-American. Because he's bilingual, he's been assigned to work in Germany. Which influence tactics would he most likely encounter while working there? a. personal relations and avoidance b. exchange and rational information c. assertiveness and upward appeals d. exchanging benefits and coalition

d. exchanging benefits and coalition

Leadership ________ are characteristics that render leadership irrelevant. a. ethics b. traits c. neutralizers d. substitutes

d. substitutes