MGMT 3123 Exam 1

Which of the following represents the strongest correlation between two variables?

-0.52

Attributional Tendencies

1. Fundamental attribution bias (reflects our tendency to attribute another person's behavior to his/her personal characteristics) 2. Self-serving bias (represents our tendency to take more personal responsibility for success than failure)

four levels of diversity

1. Organizational dimensions (function level/classification, management status, work location) 2. External dimensions (geographic location, income, personal habits) 3. Internal dimensions (age, race, gender) 4. Personality

Histogram

A graph of vertical bars representing the frequency distribution of a set of data., measures frequency

Correlation

A measure of the extent to which two factors vary together, and thus of how well either factor predicts the other.

internal consistency reliability

Reliability assessed with data collected at one point in time with multiple measures of a psychological construct. A measure is reliable when the multiple measures provide similar results.

How to measure satisfaction in organization?

Survey

Values tend to vary across generations because they are influenced by events in childhood and youth. For example, some parents lived through the Depression, and this experience led them to take fewer risks in terms of their investments.

TRUE

With self-serving bias, employees attribute their success to internal factors and their failures to external factors.

TRUE

social awareness (empathy)

The ability to sense the emotions - and understand the perspective - of others.

Ajzen's Theory of Planned Behavior

The first is the attitude toward the behavior and refers to the degree to which a person has a favorable or unfavorable evaluation or appraisal of the behavior in question. The second predictor is a social factor termed subjective norm; it refers to the perceived social pressure to perform or not to perform the behavior. The third antecedent of intention is the degree of perceived behavior control, which... refers to the perceived ease or difficulty of performing the behavior and it is assumed to reflect past experience as well as anticipated impediments and obstacles

Causality vs. Correlation

To prove causation, correlation and time order are established and alternative explanations are ruled out.

standard deviation

a measure of variability that describes an average distance of every score from the mean

test-retest reliability

a method for determining the reliability of a test by comparing a test taker's scores on the same test taken on separate occasions

ethical dilemma

a situation in which you have to decide whether to pursue a course of action that may benefit you or your organization but that is unethical or even illegal

survey

a technique for ascertaining the self-reported attitudes or behaviors of a particular group, usually by questioning a representative, random sample of the group

questionaire

a written set of questions to be answered by a research participant

Which of the following types of reliability calls for more than one test administration?

alternate-form

tendency

an inclination toward a particular characteristic or type of behavior.

Affirmative Action

an intervention aimed at giving management a chance to correct an imbalance, injustice, mistake, or outright discrimination that occured in the past

glass ceiling

an invisible but absolute barrier or solid roadblock that prevents women from advancing to higher-level positions

What form of diversity management is an organization adopting when it assumes that all diverse people will learn to fit in or become like the dominant group?

assimilation

Kelley's Attribution Model

behavior that can be attributed either to internal factors (ability) or external factors (difficult task): 1. consensus (comparing an individual's behavior with that of his/her peers) 2. distinctiveness (comparing a person's behavior on one task with his/her behavior on other tasks) 3. consistency (judges whether the individual's performance on a given task is consistent over time)

OCB (organizational citizenship behavior)

behavior that goes beyond what is expected Organizational: voice, civic virtue, boosterism Interpersonal: helping, courtesy, sportsmanship

Personal attitudes affect _______ via ______.

behavior; intentions

core self-evaluation

bottom-line conclusions individuals have about their capabilities, competence, and worth as a person; 1. Generalized Self-efficacy (a person's belief about his/her chances of successfully accomplishing a specific task_ 2. Self-esteem (general belief about your own self-worth) 3. Locus of control (relatively stable personality characteristic that describes how much personal responsibility we can take for our behavior and its consequences) 4. emotional stability (tend to be relaxed, secure, unworried, and less likely to experience negative emotions under pressure)

Norah and Katy work together. They are also friends outside of work. Norah and Katy are constantly texting each other. Their supervisor comments that, while this might be fine outside of work, it's inappropriate to constantly text each other in the office. This is an example of

context of interaction

Which of the following types of validity is concerned with predicting scores on some outcome?

criterion

Which of the following is the most accurate method of making sense of the world around us?

critical thinking

_______ are the statistical measurements of populations and their qualities (such as age, race, gender, or income) over time.

demographics

perceived organizational support

employees' general belief that their organization values their contribution and cares about their well-being

Managing diversity

entail managerial actions that enable people to perform up to their maximum potential

The _____ model suggests that managers should monitor employees' perceptions of fairness.

equity

The big five personality dimensions

extroversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, openness to experience (honesty + humility)

"Men have a more difficult time empathizing with others." This statement is:

false

Samantha assumes that someone experiencing poverty simply refuses to work hard enough to make a living. Which of the following does this describe?

fundamental attribution error

The use of a polygraph to measure lying is:

high reliability and low validity

Roger, a manager, knows that one of his employees values conformity and tradition. Roger should assign the employee to a job that includes

high respect, commitment, and acceptance

objective data

information that is seen, heard, felt, or smelled by an observer; signs

inter-rater reliability

measure of agreement among observers on how they record and classify a particular event

Which of the following refers to the most often occurring score in a distribution?

mode

______ programs help employees to integrate, assimilate, and transition to new jobs.

onboarding

Which of the following contributes least to employee engagement in North America?

pay

Locus of Control: Internal

people who believe they control the events and consequences that affect their lives

Jay works for ABC Corporation. He feels quite comfortable expressing his opinions about a wide variety of issues facing the company without fear of reprisal. This reflects ABC's:

phychological safety

Donna works as a project manager for a major consumer products firm. She works with beliefs, perceptions, and informal obligations about what she is entitled to receive in return for what she provides to the organization. Janice's beliefs represent a(n)

psychological contract

inductive reasoning

reasoning from detailed facts to general principles

deductive reasoning

reasoning in which a conclusion is reached by stating a general principle and then applying that principle to a specific case (The sun rises every morning; therefore, the sun will rise on Tuesday morning.)

organizational commitment

reflects the extent to which an employee identifies with an organization and is committed to its goals

Which of the following employment selection decisions best characterizes affirmative action?

selection of affirmative action

Sierra receives a compliment on her class presentation and attributes her success to his diligent preparation. Antwan received a poor grade and blames it on his adding the class late and missing a few early classes. These are examples of:

self-serving bias

Which of the following describes dispersion or variability in a set of scores?

standard deviation

Joyce finds that the members of the project team to which she has been promoted are all middle-aged men. Joyce wonders if she, a young new graduate from a local university, will be taken seriously. Joyce is likely to be reacting to a

stereotype

Test-retest reliability can provide a measure of _____ consistency for test scores.

temporal

Types of Reliability

test-retest inter-rater internal consistency

range

the difference between the highest and lowest scores in a distribution

Which of the following is defined as a way to organize our thoughts around a phenomenon of interest to explain "why" that phenomenon occurs?

theory

subjective data

things a person tells you about that you cannot observe through your senses; symptoms

Locus of Control: External

those who believe their performance is the product of circumstances beyond their immediate control

From a test and measurement perspective, the extent to which a researcher is actually measuring what she/he intends to measure is referred to as:

validity

CWB (counterproductive work behavior)

voluntary behavior that violates significant organizational norms and threatens the well-being of the organization, its members, or both