MGMT 351 final hws

Jermaine has figured out a new style of life jacket that would fit more dogs and provide more buoyancy. Jermaine has recently developed a proto-type, and has applied for a design patent. In which stage of the innovation process is Jermaine's product?

invention

Jameson is determining the basic elements of a job, and that information will be used to determine whether the company can hire workers on a temporary contract basis to perform some of the more transactional tasks. What activity is Jameson engaged in, and what is he determining?

job analysis; whether to hire contingent workers

How do devil's advocates hamper the quality of decision making in organizations?

killing fledgling ideas at an early stage

Narrower span of control is more suitable for managers overseeing

less professionalized subordinates.

Financial ratios that assess whether the organization can meet short-term obligations to creditors are known as _____ ratios.

liquidity

Leveraging culture for competitive advantage and generating stakeholder value are two benefits of

managing an organization's culture.

Firms that implement a low-cost leadership strategy to increase market share and focus on efficient production will likely adopt

mechanistic structures.

Organizational control is defined as a process of

monitoring performance to compare actual results with desired targets and making any necessary improvements.

To reduce barriers to innovation and organizational change, individual managers might

negotiate to secure resources and support from senior managers.

Firms that produce in small batches with lower levels of technical complexity will likely adopt

organic structures.

Diagnosing social issues that need addressing so that the firm can be more effective is an example of how an organizational development specialist can help with

organizational renewal.

Fatma focuses on the motivational approach to job design and uses the job characteristics model to find ways to motivate her workers. For example, she uses skill variety to increase workers'

perception of meaningfulness.

The _______ incentive plans rewards employees for each unit of production they complete, while the ________ incentive plans may provide employees with a percentage of their sales. Both plans emphasize _______.

piece rate; sales; volume of productivity

When considering organizational structure, integration is defined as the

process of coordinating people and activities throughout the organization.

A common practice to replace formal performance appraisals is to

provide frequent feedback check-ins in real time.

Which of the following represents Kirkpatrick's levels of training evaluation in order from Level 1 to Level 4?

reaction, learning, behavior, results

Adhocracy culture values _________, while market culture values _________.

research and development; results

Which level of training evaluation answers the question, "Does the training lead to improvement in business activities and processes?"

results

Jonas prefers to measure performance on the basis of a clear outcome in his manufacturing company. However, Sandra prefers to measure performance by comparing each employee to a standard. Jonas uses a(n) ______ approach, while Sandra uses a(n) ______ approach.

results-based; absolute

Hoda is in the process of designing her training program. She is in the ______ step of the training process.

second

Organizations with wide spans of control are more likely to be

short and flat.

A firm that updates its IT infrastructure while keeping its strategy intact exemplifies _________ learning; while a firm that continually tests and revises its strategy exemplifies _________ learning.

single-loop; double-loop

When interviewing, Diego prefers to ask job candidates how they would handle hypothetical situations that would be common in the job they are applying for. Ava prefers to focus on the candidates' previous workplace experiences. Diego uses _______ interviews, while Ava uses _______ interviews.

situational; behavioral

Skunk works are _____, while spinouts are _____.

small and independent units within an organization that develop or modify innovations; businesses that results from scientists and professors commercializing their research

An assessment of whether firms are able to meet long-term liabilities may be made using _____, while an assessment of whether firms are able to meet short-term liabilities may be made using _____.

solvency; liquidity

Tall organizations include many layers in the organization's structure because

spans of control are narrow.

When creating an organization's structure, _________ is determining the optimal span of control.

specialization of labor

Firms with a highly routine, predictable employee behaviors are _________, while firms with many different departments and authority levels are _________.

standardized; complex

Total quality management is defined as a

structured approach to organizational management that strives for continuous improvement and enhancement of quality.

An organizational development specialist using icebreakers and trust building activities might be most focused on which aspect of organizational change?

team-building and group cohesion

There are several biases that could effect a person's evaluation of a job candidates, such as _______ that occurs when the evaluation of one candidate is inflated when compared to another candidate, and ______ that occurs when the same positive characteristic of a candidate inflates the evaluation of the other attributes of that candidate.

the contrast effect; the halo effect

Performance variance is defined as

the gap between actual results and a performance target.

Organizational performance from the innovation and learning perspective focuses on _____ , while from the financial perspective focuses on _____ .

the need for constant change; creating shareholder value

Six Sigma and quality circles are common features of

total quality management.

Zara is a top manager at a computer consulting firm. She recognizes the importance of ______ to help employees continue to develop their current skills or develop new skills for her organization's competitive success.

training and development

Peterson is in a _____ program to increase his level of KSAs for his current job. In addition, he is in a(n) ______ program to increase his abilities for a future job he might have with the organization.

training; development

What can firms do to prevent lack of awareness from becoming a barrier to organizational change?

use technology scouts to monitor the environment to detect new developments in technology before it's too late

Designating formal reporting relationships and identifying the division of labor are elements describing the _________ framework of an organization's structure.

vertical

Organizations implement _________ to emphasize reporting relationships that establish the chain of command.

vertical differentiation

When managers such as a chief operations officers hold more authority than front-line supervisors, the organization is

vertically differentiated.

What can firms do to prevent individual resistance from becoming a barrier to organizational change?

work to build trust between employees and upper management

Raphael's organization allows workers to choose when and where they complete their work. His organization is most likely using ______ to provide opportunities to participate.

workplace flexibility

______ controls include the board of directors and the overall system of rules and regulations, while ______ controls include product safety, workplace codes of conduct, and ethics.

Corporate governance; legal and compliance

Without strong transmission of organizational culture to new employees, organizations cannot have

a strong culture.

Recruitment most directly impacts the ______ component of the AMO framework, while compensation and rewards most directly impact the _______ component.

abilities; motivation

Profitability ratios assess _____, while activity ratios assess _____.

ability to earn sufficient returns; operational efficiency

Training or disciplining employees are among the corrective actions managers might take when

actual performance falls short of expected performance.

Juan has a carpentry business and requires that his workers receive on-the-job training through ________, an extended period of hands-on learning. Anita's company prefers off-the-job training through ________, which is using the internet, computers, and other electronic tools to deliver the programs.

an apprenticeship; e-learning

River Rock Distillery utilizes a differentiation strategy to sell its signature bourbon, as well as several seasonal flavored bourbons. To effectively implement this strategy, River Rock Distillery likely relies on

an organic, horizontal structure.

Balance sheets summarize ______, while income statements summarize ______.

assets, liabilities, and owner's equity; the firm's financial performance

A critical component of instructional design is to

be clear on the instructional objectives.

The original source of innovative ideas is important because firms should

be open to generating competitive advantages using both internal efforts and external ideas and technologies.

For goals to be effective, they should be

challenging and measurable.

Single-loop learning involves _________, while double-loop learning involves _________.

changing actions; revisiting strategy

Mechanistic structures are characterized by _________; while organic structures are characterized by _________.

clear chain of command; diverse tasks that contribute to the overall firm

Companies may ask for nondisclosure agreements from _____, while they may ask for noncompete agreements from ______.

consultants who are exposed to sensitive information; employees who receive specialized training

Departments or units to which costs are charged for accounting purposes are known as

cost centers.

Gander Mountain going bankrupt in the wake of Amazon's success is an example of

creative destruction.

Information controls involve ______, while operations controls involve ______.

designing systems; reducing waste

Benchmarking competitors can help firms identify areas for improvement. What is the final step of the benchmarking process?

determine what improvements might be made based on your results

What can firms do to prevent uncertainty from becoming a barrier to organizational change?

develop scenarios for future developments to improve flexibility in responding to environmental changes

Policies guiding how background and reference checks are conducted during employee selection would be considered ________ controls.

human resource

Which of these lists the phases of innovation in the appropriate order?

ideas, invention, innovation, imitation

Which of these represents a process innovation?

increasing the amount of automation in a toy manufacturing facility

Firms using turnover rates to assess overall employee morale is an example of _____ perspective, while focusing on whether the business is delivering superior value is an example of _____ perspective.

internal business process; customer

Which of these represents a product innovation?

introducing self-driving cars to the market

To motivate his workers, Min-jun uses a ______, an evaluation process with multiple data sources to provide employees with a comprehensive review of their performance. In addition, he uses _______ that set targets for employees to reach to receive additional compensation.

360-degree appraisal; individual-based incentive pay plans

The purpose of human resources can be summarized with the ______ framework, which represents managing employee _________.

AMO; abilities, motivation, and opportunities

In what way does individual resistance present a barrier to organizational change?

Employees and managers prevent changes for fear they may be negatively impacted.

In what way do adoption chain risks present a barrier to organizational change?

Firms fail to consider how an innovation will impact other firms using the product or service.

During the shakeout stage of the industry life cycle, what is the focus of innovation?

Firms focus on process innovations to enhance efficiencies.

_________ culture is internally focused and controlling, while _________ culture is externally focused and flexible.

Hierarchy; adhocracy

_____ controls include disciplining employees for poor attendance or dysfunctional behaviors at work.

Human resource

In what way are intrapreneurs and entrepreneurs different?

Intrapreneurs promote innovative activities within an existing organization, while entrepreneurs commercialize innovations by starting new businesses.

______ controls ensure the organization follows rules and regulations, such as those protecting workplace safety or intellectual property.

Legal and compliance

_________ structures are characterized by centralized decision making, while _________ structures are characterized by low levels of formalization.

Mechanistic; organic

Select the list that accurately summarizes the objectives of industry standards.

Select the list that accurately summarizes the objectives of industry standards.

The step in the control process that involves devising the metrics that will be used and the particular target for each metrics is

Step 1: Standards.

In what way does lack of awareness present a barrier to organizational change?

The need for change is not on the firm's radar.

Elena and Valentina work in an upscale restaurant. Elena was told that she would not receive a job offer for the VP of Operations position because she is a woman, and she would most likely need time off to care for her children. Valentina didn't receive a promotion into a waitstaff position because she could not lift the heavy tray of dishes above her head, a requirement for this restaurant that currently has no women in that position. Elena is most likely facing ______, while Valentina is likely facing ______ .

disparate treatment; disparate impact

What can firms do to prevent organizational rigidity from becoming a barrier to organizational change?

embrace an exploration approach to management

Alfred prefers the motivational approach to job design. He will most likely focus on

employees' drive to work as hard as possible.

Cash budgets _____, while revenue budgets _____.

ensure adequate funds on hand; are used to develop forecasts

What can firms do to prevent adoption chain risks from becoming a barrier to organizational change?

ensure that other firms in the ecosystem are also willing and able to change

According to the competing values framework, firms that value stability and control cannot simultaneously value

flexibility and discretion.

What can firms do to prevent coinnovation risks from becoming a barrier to organizational change?

focus on innovations that do not force the firm to depend on other firms' innovations

Firms that adhere to written rules and procedures are _________, while firms that delegate decision-making authority to all levels are _________.

formalized; decentralized

Mateo knows that training is costly but valuable. He is currently evaluating his training program on the basis of reactions, learning, behavior, and results. Mateo is in the ______ step of the training process.

fourth

Organizational structure is defined as the

framework used by businesses and other organizations to define how tasks are assigned, resources are deployed, and departments and company functions are linked.

Functional structures are NOT a good fit for firms that

have large product lines.

The amount of centralization or decentralization is determined by

how much autonomy is granted to various managers.