MGMT 363- Test 1 study set

According to the resource-based view, resources that are unique and impossible to copy are referred to as a. inimitable. b. atypical. c. socially complex. d. basic.

A

Jason is frustrated with the group project that is due in his organizational behavior class. His team hasn't met to discuss who is going to do which portion of the project and no deadlines have been set. Jason is experiencing role ______ with this project. a. ambiguity b. hassles c. conflict d. overload

A

Leilana would best be described as a go-getter. She seems to have an inner drive to always excel, to continue to learn and master new skills, and to continually advance within the company. According to the job characteristics theory, this reflects Leilana's a. growth need strength. b. emotional labor. c. emotional contagion. d. autonomy.

A

Organizational behavior (OB) research with respect to team characteristics and organizational structure draws primarily from studies in the field of a. sociology. b. anthropology. c. physiology. d. economics.

A

Ted has always been a hard-driving, competitive individual. He talks fast, walks fast, eats fast, and gets angry fast. Ted would likely be described as exhibiting the Type _____Behavior Pattern.

A

Tonya isn't especially happy with her job or the company, but her boss is on maternity leave, and Tonya knows that the department would be in disarray if she left before her boss returned. What type of organizational commitment does this describe? a. normative b. continuance c. obligatory d. affective

A

Which of the following counterproductive behaviors are types of political deviance? a. gossiping b. theft c. incivility d. sabotage

A and C

A summary of the statistical relationships between variables is referred to as: a. casual inference. b. correlation. c. hypotheses. d. verification.

B

Aimee isn't happy with her job but her family really needs her income, especially now that her husband's hours at work have been reduced. This demonstrates ______ commitment. a. reactive b. continuance c. affective d. normative

B

Ernesto is studying ways to improve the task performance of his company's employees and writes a report in which he states that "employee motivation will be positively correlated with the implementation of performance-based reward systems." This statement is an example of a(n) a. principle. b. hypothesis. c. theory. d. experiment.

B

The ______ theory argues that job satisfaction depends on whether you feel that your job supplies the things that you value. a. life satisfaction b. value-percept c. job satisfaction d. job characteristics

B

The group mechanism that details how individuals gain power over others within the organization is referred to as: a. personality and cultural values. b. leadership power and negotiations. c. leadership personality and values. d. leadership styles and behaviors.

B

Supportive practices that help employees manage and balance their role demands include which of the following? a. primary appraisals b. flextime c. stress audits d. compressed workweeks e. telecommuting

B,D,E

Which of the following would include characteristics that describe how people act, such as extroversion and conscientiousness? a. organizational culture b. abilities c. personality and cultural values d. organizational commitment

C

Under the BARS approach to assessing job performance behaviors, descriptions of both effective and ineffective workplace behaviors used to evaluate employee performance are known as a. benchmarks b. critical events c. behavioral events d. feedback loops

b

There are two major types of social support that people can receive when they are confronted with stressful demands: emotional support and ____support.

instrumental

Citizenship behavior that benefits coworkers and colleagues and involves assisting, supporting, and developing other organizational members is known_____citizenship behavior.

interpersonal

Citizenship behaviors, such as supporting and defending the company, working to improve its operations, and being especially loyal to the company, are known as_____ citizenship behaviors.

organizational

The organizational mechanism that reflects how units within an organization link to and communicate with other units is called:

organizational structure

Common actions used to deal with typical or predictable job situations are known as____ task performance.

routine

Mentally "checking out" and going through the motions at work is a reaction known as a. neglect. b. moonlighting. c. absence. d. attrition. e. exit.

A

Which of the following is required in order to establish a causal inference between two variables? a. that the variables be correlated b. that the presumed cause follow the presumed effect in time c. that no explanation exist for the correlation d. that they have an average correlation of at least 21

A

Which of the following actions by an employer would likely foster an increased continuance commitment among its employees? a. Establishing a generous salary and benefit package b. Increasing the bonds that link employees together c. Establishing mentoring programs to foster a sense of solidarity among employees d. Instituting a "promote from within" policy

A and D

Which of the following may reduce continuance commitment in foreign-born employees relative to other workers? a. having fewer links to their community b. feeling less embedded in their current jobs c. experiencing a weaker fit with their new geographic area d. coming from a country with a weak economy

A, C, D

Individual characteristics that improve individual mechanisms, such as job satisfaction and motivation, include which of the following? a. ability b. chronic illness c. personality d. cultural values

A,C,D

A ______ takes all of the correlations found in studies of a particular relationship and calculates a weighted average of them. a. beta-analysis b. meta-analysis c. working hypothesis d. causal inference

B

A correlation of 0 between two variables suggests which of the following? a. a weak negative correlation b. no statistical correlation c. a perfect statistical relationship d. a strong positive correlation

B

According to the resource-based view, the collective store of useful experience, wisdom, and knowledge possessed by an organization's people is referred to as: a. natural resources. b. history. c. team potential. d. structural capital.

B

Job Satisfaction has a _______ effect on job performance. a. Strong negative b. Moderate positive c. Moderate negative d. Weak positive e. strong positive

B

The measure of how well an employee does his or her work tasks and responsibilities is known as: a. job satisfaction. b. job performance. c. motivation. d. organizational commitment.

B

Which of the following is an example of an individual mechanism from the integrative model directly affecting job performance and/or organizational commitment? a. Haru was hesitant about his new job when he learned that all decisions pass through one person, a surly department head. b. Jamal's daily job exceeds his physical capacities, and he is becoming depressed due to the strain. c. Diane possessed the cognitive ability to work the sales floor, but she lacked the emotional skills necessary for working with the public. d. Peggy is an extrovert, which may account for her position as top salesperson. e. Ken is a work group with a particularly difficult coworker, he is considering asking for a transfer.

B

According to the integrative model of organizational behavior, ______ would include such elements as motivation, stress, and job satisfaction. a. excluded characteristics b. individual outcomes c. individual mechanisms d. group mechanisms

C

According to the job characteristics theory, the best source of ongoing feedback on task performance comes from a. the employee's supervisor. b. coworkers or peers. c. the work itself. d. upper management.

C

If manager could choose which typ of commitment they would like to instill in their employees, they would most likely choose _____ commitment. a.normative b. Continuance c. affective d. progression

C

Over the past year, three of the star salesmen at Family Resorts International's corporate office have been lured away to competitors. On top of that, Karina, the general manager of the sales department, has noticed that most employees come in, do their jobs, and leave. Family Resorts offers a good salary, benefits, and tuition reimbursement, as well as a number of development and training programs. Most employees seem contented enough, but Karina would like to do something to increase the level of engagement among her staff. What do you think Karina should do? a. Provide additional chilcare and eldercare benefits. b. Investigate the causes of low commitment by asking employees to complete an anonymous survey detailing their feelings. c. Have fun weekly contests where teams work together to compete for prizes, bonuses, and other monetary incentives d. Look the other way when employees exhibit minor forms of withdrawal. e. Update and expand the kinds of development programs they offer, perhaps adding seminars that focus on technological skills.

C

Shawna instinctively believes that most people have an inherent tendency to avoid work. She believes the only way they'll do their jobs is if she "rides herd" over them all day long. Which method of knowledge does Shawna use in developing her management style? a. method of authority b. method of science c. method of intuition d. method of experience

C

The ______ theory states that workplace occurrences that can generate reactions can go on to influence work attitudes and behaviors. a. job characteristics b. value-percept c. affective events d. motivator-hygiene

C

The individual mechanism that deals with workers' psychological reactions to overtaxing job demands is referred to as a. job satisfaction. b. ability. c. stress. d. motivation.

C

The organizational mechanism that captures the shared knowledge about the values and beliefs of the organization is called a. human resources. b. organizational structure. c. organizational culture. d. individual outcome.

C

When people help others deal with immediate stressful demands by taking over some work, they are providing ______ support. a. informational b. emotional c. instrumental d. appraisal

C

Which of the following perspectives argues that organizational resources that are valuable, rare, and inimitable can lead to the creation of competitive advantage and an increase in the bottom-line profitability of the organization? a. the casual inference view b. the dynamic capability view c. the resource-based view d. evidence-based management

C

______ argues that management decisions and organizational practices should be based on scientific research and findings. a. Meta-analysis b. The Rule of One-Eighth c. Evidence-based management d. The resource-based view

C

______ satisfaction refers to how employees feel about their employer's policies regarding changes in job titles and responsibilities. a. Supervision b. Coworker c. Promotion d. Pay

C

The resource-based view of organizations suggests that a resource is more valuable when it is which of the following? a. Universal b. Common c. Inimitable d. Rare

C and D

A correlation of 1 between two variables suggests which of the following? a. that there is no statistical relationship between the variables b. that there is a negative correlation between the variables c. that the strength of the correlation cannot be determined d. that there is a perfect statistical relationship between the variables

D

In 2012 a Taco Bell employee in Indiana tweeted a photo of himself urinating on a plate of nachos. Which counterproductive behavior did he display? a. harassment b. production deviance c. theft d. sabotage

D

Of the employee behaviors that are relevant to job performance, which of the following contributes negatively to the organization? a. task performance b. job analysis c. citizenship behavior d. counterproductive behavior

D

People who experience higher levels of ______ stressors tend to have lower levels of organizational commitment. a. nominal b. benign c. challenge d. hindrance

D

Randi works as an aesthetician at a local spa and works with clients to improve the tone, health, and appearance of their skin through massage, facials, and hair removal. What type of work does Randi perform? a. information work b. knowledge work c. intangible work d. service work

D

The basic premise of evidence-based management is that ______ should be the basis for management decisions and organizational practices. a. experience b. causal inference c. intuition d. scientific findings

D

The field of study devoted to understanding, explaining, and improving the attitudes and behaviors of individuals and groups in organizations is known as a. human resource management. b. strategic management. c. operations management. d. organizational behavior.

D

The individual mechanism that deals with how employees acquire and apply knowledge to a job is referred to as a. organizational structure. b. organizational commitment. c. trust, justice, and ethics. d. learning and decision making.

D

The premise that 12% or less of organizations will sustain and increase profitability by emphasizing effective management practices is referred to as a. evidence-based management. b. the resource-based view of competitive advantage. c. the method of experience. d. the Rule of One-Eighth.

D

The transactional theory of stress attempts to explain stress in terms of three components: perception, ______, and response. a. strains b. resistance c. avoidance d. appraisal

D

The use of statistical methods to combine the results of several individual but similar studies is known as: a. evidence-based management. b. the Rule of One-Eighth. c. causal inference. d. a meta-analysis.

D

What is the term for the amount of obligations a worker has regarding others? a. work complexity b. role ambiguity c. role conflict d. work responsibility

D

Which individual mechanism demonstrates how much employees believe that their company engages in fair and honest business practices? a. job satisfaction b. organizational culture c. organizational commitment d. truth, justice, and ethics

D

Which of the following is responsible for the fluctuation of job satisfaction that occurs within a day? a. behavior of coworkers b. employees' pay c. employees' work tasks d. employees' emotions e. behavior of supervisors

D

Creative task performance involves employee responses to task demands that are novel, unusual, or, at the very least, unpredictable. T/F

False

Meta-analysis takes all the correlations found in studies of a particular relationship and calculates a weighted average (such that correlations based on studies with small samples are weighted more than correlations based on studies with large samples). T/F

False

True or false: Evidence-based management argues that intuition and experience should form the foundation for managerial decisions and organizational practices.

False

Job satisfaction is negatively correlated with citizenship behavior. T/F

False (moderate positive)

True or false: Remaining employees after a downsizing have "survivor syndrome" and are likely to have low levels of organizational commitment. True False

True

In which type of organizational commitment does an employee choose to remain with the organization because of a feeling of obligation to do so? a. normative b. continuance c. affective d. associative

a

The scientific method begins with: a theory. Correct the verification of facts. existing data. a hypothesis. expected or required results.

a theory

According to research, what type of statistical relationship exists between continuance commitment and citizenship behavior? a. moderately positive relationship b. no statistical relationship c. weak negative relationship d. strong positive relationship

b

Laurie was so angry when she was passed over for a promotion that she intentionally poured a bottle of molasses on her supervisor's keyboard. This is an example of which counterproductive behavior? a. theft b. sabotage c. harassment d. incivility

b

The performance management practice that measures performance by directly assessing job performance behaviors is referred to as a. 360-degree feedback. b. a behaviorally anchored rating scale (BARS). c. forced ranking. d. management by objectives (MBO).

b

Which of the following refers to the set of explicit obligations that an employee has for fulfilling a job? a. citizenship behavior b. knowledge work c. organizational commitment d. task performance

b

Emilie has worked as an animal control officer at the county animal shelter for years and the constant stress has finally caught up with her. She is continually exhausted and has reached the point where she doesn't care about her job and is disillusioned with everything. Emilie is experiencing ____ due to this prolonged stress.

burnout

The use of statistical methods to combine the results of several individual but similar studies is known as a. causal inference. b. evidence-based management. c. a meta-analysis. d. the Rule of One-Eighth.

c

Employee behaviors directly involved in the transformation of organizational resources into goods or services are referred to as a. production deviance. b. citizenship behavior. c. job analysis. d. task performance.

d

Janay dislikes her new boss, but she has been with the company for a long time and has seen bosses come and go. She plans to just "wait it out" and hopes things will eventually improve. Which of the following best describes Janay's reaction to a negative work event? a.exit b. voice c. neglect d. loyalty

d

Voluntary behaviors that contribute to the organization by improving the overall workplace setting are referred to as a. counterproductive behavior. b. creative task performance. c. adaptive task performance. d. citizenship behavior.

d

One of the principal ways in which job performance is used to manage employee performance is called 360-degree _____

feedback

Bob was unhappy with the way scheduling of shifts was handled at work. He decided to meet with his boss to express his dissatisfaction and suggest ways that the scheduling could be improved. Bob's reaction to a negative work event could best be described as a. voice. b. loyalty. c. exit. d. neglect.

voice