MGMT 386
traditionalist
1925-1945 fax machine
baby boomer
1946-1964 personal computer
Gen Xers
1965-1979 mobile phone
millennials
1980-2001 google n facebook
gen 2020
2002-... social media
one's inclination to take more credit for success than for failure is called _________-________ bias
Self-serving
companies with an ___________ ______________ have an external focus and value flexibility
adhocracy culture
inferences
assuming people in a certain category possess the same traits
the fundamental _________ bias leads people to disregard environmental influences on behavior
attribution
values are organized into 2
bipolar dimensions
individual differences are determined by...
both genetics and environment
the best situation in business is for you and your manager to...
both have proactive personalities
personal values
broad, global, variously
the _________ _________ option in thomas' framework is based on the belief that good relationships can rise above differences
build relationships
how does organizational socialization embed their cultures in new employees
by promoting and reinforcing core values and beliefs
people with an internal locus of control...
can usually overcome setbacks, feel that they control their own destiny, blame their own flaws for poor results
4 steps in the stereotyping process
categorization, inferences, expectations, maintenance
those values that are in opposing directions from the ________ of the circle conflict with each other
center
a force that binds an individual to a course of action of relevance to one or more targets
commitment
coaching
constructive pointers and feedback especially for those victimized by learned helplessness is important
examples of organizational citizenship behavior
constructive statements about the departments, expression of personal interest in the work of others, respect for the spirit as well as the letter of housekeeping rules
using OB concepts and tools that are situationally appropriate is called a __________ ___________ to management
contingency approach
behavior that harms other employees, the organization as a whole or organizational stakeholders such as customers and shareholders is called
counterproductive work behavior
the ability to motivate employees in different ways, provide useful feedback, and manage productive teams are all aspects of a manager's performance, and doing these things well gives a manager...
credibility
logical
deductive reasoning, problem analysis
maintenance
differentiating minority individuals from ourselves
goal setting and quality improvement
difficulty must match employees perceived self efficacy
the fact that at work some coworkers remain satisfied in situations where others always seem dissatisfied is the idea behind...
disposition/genetic components
eradicating or getting rid of the situation that is causing the problem
dissolving problems
____________ management focuses on changing an organization's culture and infrastructure such that people work to the highest productivity possible
diversity
gardenswartz and rowe identified layers of ________ to help distinguish the important ways in which people differ
diversity
barriers to successful diversity programs at work
diversity is not the firm's priority, a need to revamp firm's performance appraisal and reward system, resistance to change
who is best known for their writing on organizational culture
edgar schein
one of the conclusions of the competign values framework is that organizational culture is related to measures of organizational _________
effectiveness
when people express themselves physically , cognitively, and emotionally during a role performance, they are demonstrating
employee engagement
because gaps can influence attitudes and performance, it is important for managers to reduce gaps between espoused values and....
enacted values
the values that employees actually exhibit based on their observations of what occurs on a daily basis
enacted values
during the _________ phase of the 3 phase socializaiton process, employees come to learn what the organization is really like.
encounter
the second level of organizational culture is ....
espoused values
the ___________ option in thomas' framework means people are willing to adapt or change their views for the sake of creating positive relationships
foster mutual adaptation
assigning someone's behavior to his or her personal characteristics instead of the circumstances is called
fundamental attribution bias
one way to perpetuate a firm's culture is to...
hire those with strong person-organization fit
openness
intellectual, imaginative, curious, broad-minded
feelings related to employee engagement
intensity, focus, enthusiasm, urgency
when considering attribution theory, managers should remember that we tend to attribute behavior to ____________ causes
internal
self-serving bias implies that people will credit successes to controllable ________ factors and failures to uncontrollable ________ factors
internal, external
expectation
interpreting people's behavior
the __________ option in thomas' framework is based on the action of moving the diverse person off to the side
isolate
situation factors that drive employee engagement
job characteristics, leadership, stressors
attitudinal outcomes of job satisfaction
job involvement, perceived stress, withdrawal cognitions, motivation
4 attitude and 4 behavior components found to correlate with...
job satisfaction
workplaces attitudes result from OB-related processes such as
leadership
creativity
managerial support of workplace creativity raises self-efficacy
companies with a ________ culture have a strong external focus and value stability
market
the competing values framework teaches us that companies with a ___________ culture tend to have more positive organizational outcomes
market
formal statements in an organization are those about organizational....
mission, philosophy, values
statements that are true of liking and fit...
most people evaluate a person's personality by whether or not they like them, they are not particularly beneficial for managers, they are not precise enough tot have real value in management
values ________ our behavior across any context
motivate
sternberg applied what he called "practical intelligence" to leadership by using an aspect of intelligence referred to by gardner as...
naturalist intelligence
difference between what an individual expects to receive from a job and what he or she actually receives is....
net expectations
what information would be important to a manager who wanted to foster an adhocracy culture
number of patents developed in R&D, improvements in customer satisfaction, number of new ideas submitted through suggestion systems
programs to help people come back to their careers after taking a break are known as
on-ramping
individual behavior that is discretionary and not part of a formal reward system and promotes the effective performance of the firm is called
organization citizenship
object recognition is a major function of_________
perception
managers are likely to be able to influence _______________________ by implementing policies that positively impact self evaluations, attitudes and emotions
performance and job satisfaction
personality and positive psychological capital are considered ________ ________ that contribute to employee
person factors
personality and positive psychological capital are considered __________ that contribute to employee engagement
person factors
2 broad categories of OB concepts and theories include...
person factors and situation factors
organizational commitment occurs when employees value achievement and an employer rewards people for accomplishing goals. when this occurs, the consistency is called __________-__________ fit
person-culture
compatibility between an individual and a work environment that occurs when their chracteristics are well matched is called ________________-___________ fit
person-environment
extroversion has been found to..
predict job performance better than agreeableness
emotional stability
relaxed, secure, unworried
organizations can promote desired behaviors and not CWBs by
screening for CWBs during the hiring process, defining desired behaviors, designing jobs that increase satisfaction
3 common elements in choosing among alternatives to arrive at an effective solution
selection criteria, choice process, consequences
social awareness
service, empathy, organizational awareness
cultural change in an organization can be achieved through changing the firm's...
slogans and acronyms
organizational behavior emphasizes _________ perception rather than object perception
social
intelligence and mental abilities are...
stable over time and difficult to change
which kind of reward would be best suited for a clan culture
stock shares that increase when an entire division performs well
mechanisms for changing organizational culture
stories, legends, myths; activities processes, outcomes; leader reactions to crisis; slogans, acronyms, sayings
environmental characteristics that cause stress are
stressors
an invisible barrier that restrains women from reaching higher-level positions is called...
the glass ceiling
perceived behavior control
the perceived ease or difficulty of performing the behavior, assumed to reflect past experience or anticipated obstacles
which of the following are characteristics of companies with a market culture
they are focused externally and value stability, they are driven by results and achieving goals
affirmative action programs have generated many opportunities for __________ and __________
women, minorities
musical
appreciate, compose and perform music
not a key workplace attitude managers track
cognitive dissonance
causal attribution refer to
suspected causes of behavior
special
can recognize and use patterns
the harnessing of organization members' selves to their work roles
employee engagement
a word of caution about using personality tests is to be sure...
to use properly trained employees to administer tests or analyze results
subjective norm
a social factor representing the perceived social pressure for or against the behavior
Ajzen and Fishbein consider intentions as the key link between
actions and planned behavior
people make causal attributions by observing 3 dimensions of behavior called_________ _________ and__________
consensus, distinctiveness, consistency
corporate ________ is prevalent even though most leaders are dedicated to operating ethical organizations
corruption
major reasons that companies use personality tests include...
decreasing bias against applicants, expanding the number of candidates being considered, reducing expenses associated with hiring
characteristics that take a while to emerge during interactions, such as attitudes, opinions and values, are called __________-_______ characteristics
deep-level
the _________ option in thomas' framework means people refute that differences exist
deny
conscientiousness
dependable, responsible, achievement oriented, persistent
effective performance management practices can lead to higher ___________ ____________
employee engagement
when employees are highly _________, it can achieve 12% higher customer satisfaction and loyalty ratings
engaged
a firm with a _________ culture is more likely to develop reliable internal processes, extensive use of measurement, and implementation of a variety of control mechanisms
hierarchy
leadership
high self-efficacy managers should be given an opportunity to prove themselves under pressure
systematic process of closing gaps between a desired outcome and actual situation is called
problem solving
intelligence entails a person's capacity for...
problem solving, constructive thinking, reasoning
OB concepts can be applied to the ________-_________ process to overcome challenges and improve your performance
problem-solvng
to demonstrate credibility through performance, managers should be able to...
provide constructive feedback, develop and lead productive teams, apply different motivational tools.
an individual's perception about the terms and conditions of a reciprocal exchange between him/herself and another party is referred to as a...
psychological contract
to solve problems effectively, it is imprtant to consider necessary ________, such as people who will provide support
resources
anger is usually a _________ emotion
retrospective
reasons people are unethical at work
reward systems that offer incentives for bad behavior, pressure from supervisor, personal motivation to perform
one way to make sure inputs in the organizing framework are positively oriented is to measure, track and responding to...
surveys
a company's ability to make a profit without sacfrificing the resources of its people, the community and the planet
sustainability
Personal attitudes
targeted, via intentions, specific
true of self-evaluations in a managerial role
the training power of core self-evaluations is limited because of the fixed nature of the traits, self-efficacy is more flexible to use in training than the other traits, using core self-evaluations as one chracteristic works better than using the four traits
effective managers should address personality
they should be precise, scientific, should pay attention to emerging scientific data on how personality affects important work processes and outcomes
the ____________ option in thomas' framework involves acknowledging differences but not valuing or accepting them
tolerate
dimensions of conservation
tradition, conformity, security
2 items to apply to a contingency approach to management
you cannot rely on one best way, the most effective solution is based on the situation
our values are influenced by the values of our_______ and by the ________ we have as children
parents, experiences
personal attitudes are related to behaviors directed towards...
people, situations, objects
situation factors
are very important to your job performance
linguistic
learn and use spoken and unwritten languages
situation factors are very important to your job performance
true
agreeable
trusting, good natured, cooperative, softhearted
attribution theory
ability is an internal factor, attribution theory says behavior can be caused by external or internal influences, 3 dimensions of behavior vary independently in the creating attributions
an __________ and ________ perspective on diversity recognizes that an organization deals with culturally diverse markets and constituencies
access, legitimacy
recognition that the organizations markets and contituencies are culturally diverse is called ___________ and _________ perspective on diversity
access, legitimacy
people can use skills associated with practical intelligence to...
adapt to their environment, manage tasks, manage themselves and others
people can use the skills associated with practical intelligence to...
adapt to their environment, manage tasks, manage themselves and others
the phase of organizational socialization that occurs before an individual actually joins organization is _____________ socialization
anticipatory
the phase of organizational socialization that occurs before an individual actually joins organization is
anticipatory socializaiton
the __________ option in thomas' framework is based on the premise that eventually all people will learn to blend in or become the dominant group
assimilate
the fundamental_________ bias leads people to disregard environmental influences on behavior
attribution
emotional intelligence has been shown to...
be associated with increased well-being and satisfaction
cognitive
beliefs or ideas that one has about an object or situation
self efficacy...
can be increased, involves a person's beliefs about personal success, tends to manifest itself in actual performance
affirmative action programs
can be voluntary or mandatory
the ___________ and __________ phase of the organizational socialization process requires employees to master important tasks and roles and to adjust their work group's values and norms
change and acquisition
3 phases in daniel feldman's organizational socialization model are...
change and acquisition, anticipatory socialization, encounter
ways to reduce cognitive dissonance
change your attitude or behavior, find consonant elements that outweigh the dissonant ones, belittle the importance of the inconsistent behavior
second bipolar dimension ranges from openness to ________ to _________
change, conservation
companies with a _______ culture have an internal focus and value flexibility rather than stability and control
clan
innovation and operational outcomes are linked to characteristics associated with...
clan, adhocracy, and market cultures
components that influence overall attitudes
cognitive, behavioral, affective
the idea that culture facilitates collective ___________ is exemplified when southwest airlines employees all deliver customer service woth warmth, friendliness and individual pride
commitment
job design
complex jobs tend to enhance self efficacy
personality trait has the strongest and most positive effect on performance
conscientiousness
first bipolar dimension includes self- _________ and self- _________
enhancement, transcendence
what theory is based on the idea that managers must interact with the employees and monitor their perceptions of fair treatment
equity
explicitly stated values and norms that are preferred by an organization are called...
espoused values
situation with 2 choices, neither of which resolve the situation in an ethically acceptable manner is called...
ethical dilemma
a concern with identifying right and wrong behavior is referred to as...
ethics
espoused values represent aspirations that are __________ communicated to employees
explicitly
concept of equity ties directly to how _________ a person is treated at work
fairly
people with an external locus of control...
feel that their success is explained by environmental factors
affective
feelings or emotions that one has about an object or situation
attitudes and emotions are...
flexible and altered more easily
demographics are statistical measures of population qualities such as....
gender, race, age
a firm with a __________ culture has an internal focus, which produces a more formalized and structured work environment and values stability and control over flexibility
hierarchy
behavioral
how one intends or expects to act toward someone or something
culture provides employees with an organizational
identity
thoughts or beliefs that are automatically activated from memory without our conscious awareness are examples of
implicit cognition
the ___________/____________ option in thomas' framework has the goal to either increase or decrease the number of diverse people at all levels of the firm
include/exclude
relationship management
influence, developing others, change catalyst
potential constraints during problem solving
lack of time, insufficient funds, lack of info
naturalistic
live in harmony with the environment
a relatively stable personality characteristic that describes how much personal responsibility you take for your behavior and its consequences is...
locus of control
4 components of core self-evaluations
locus of control, emotional stability, self-efficacy, self-esteem
proper ___________ can create a sense of oneness and membership in a firm and thus significantly influence the protege's career
mentoring
organizational identity, collective commitment, social system stability and sense-making device are the 4 functions of _______________ culture
organizational
individual behavior that is discretionary and not part of a formal reward system and promotes the effective performance of the firm is called
organizational citizenship behavior
if an employee values achievement and an employer rewards people for accomplishing goals, the employee is more likely to experience...
organizational commitment
barriers to implementing successful diversity programs
prejudice, inaccurate stereotypes, ethnocentrism
a person with a __________ personality is someone who is relatively unconstrained by situational forces and who affects environmental change
proactive
the definition of a ________ is when our desired outcomes do not match the actual situation
problem
giving recruits a realistic idea of what lies ahead by presenting both positive and negative aspects of the job
realistic job preview
behaviors shown by research to improve intelligence
reasoning, constructive thinking, problem solving
_________ a problem means opting for a solution that is satisfactory but not the most ideal
resolving
planned and unplanned activities and ceremonies that are used to celebrate important events or achievements are called....
rites and rituals
positive outcomes of job ________ include motivation and job involvement
satisfaction
OB goes beyond common sense
true
knowing which OB tools to use and under what circumstnaces is referred to as
a contingency approach to managing people
________ __________ has a positive association with behavioral outcomes like job performance and OCB
job satisfaction
__________ ___________ has a negative association with negative behaviors like CWB and turnover
job satisfaction
weaknesses of common sense
lack of rigor, too much dependence on hindsight, lack of objectivity
the process of forming and maintaining an intensive and lasting developmental relationship between a variety of developers and a junior person is called...
mentoring
extroversion
outgoing, talkative, social, assertive
self menagement
training linked to goal setting, action planning and self motivation increases self-efficacy
an individual's overall thoughts and feelings about quitting are called...
withdrawal cognitions
benefits of high emotional intelligence
greater lever of teamwork, increased creativity, ability to apply positive emotions to work
training and development
guided experiences improve employee self-efficacy
the extent to which an individual identifies with an organization and commits to its goals is called
organizational commitment
set of implicit assumptions that a group holds and that determines how it perceives, thinks about, and reacts to its various environment is called....
organizational culture
areas of OB that have been shown to have a powerful influence on ethical conduct at work
organizational culture, decision making, leader behavior
idea that good treatment inspires good work is the basic premise of....
perceived organizational support
the ability to solve everyday problems by utilizing knowledge gained from experievne in order to purposefully adapt to, shape and select environments is called
practical intelligence
someone's intention to engage in a given behavior is a strong ________ of that behavior
predictor
example of a person factor
preference to work independently
perceived ________ has a number of consequences for health and negative association with employee engagement
stress
the _________ option in thomas' framework means that differences are squelched or discourage
suppress
firms can foster employee engagement to combat employee
turnover
one's tendency to blame another person's behavior on that person's personal characteristics as opposed to situational influences is known as ___________ __________ bias
fundamental attribution
only when a firm's favorable treatment is voluntary rather than mandated by an external constraint will it be seen as....
organizational support
perceived __________ _________ motivates employees to work hard and commit to the organization
organizational support
attitude toward the behavior
the degree to which a person has a favorable or unfavorable evaluation of the behavior in question
hiring people who fit within a firm's culture is a good way to tackle the problem of employee _________
turnover
intrapersonal
understand and regulate oneself
interpersonal
understand, connect and work with others
bodily
using one's mind and body to coordinate physical movement
________ impact behavior no matter what the context
values
actions in pursuit of some _______ have consequences that conflict with others
values
the competing __________ framework was first developed by researchers trying to classify different ways to assess organizational effectiveness
values