MGMT Ch 2

What percentage of businesses had implemented strategies for sustainable development in 2017?

60%

By adopting the systems viewpoint, you can visualize your organization as a

A collection of subsystems A part of the larger environment

Theory X and Theory Y focus on managers'

Attitudes

The _______ viewpoint places emphasis on the importance of understanding the actions of humans and the motivation and encouragement of employees toward achievement?

Behavioral

Which approach to management relies upon research in psycology, sociology, anthropology, and economics in order to develop theories about human behavior that can be used to provide practical tools for managers?

Behavioral science

Which individuals helped pioneer adminitstrative management theory?

Charles Clinton Spaulding Henri Fayol Max Weber

Which management perspectives typically consider an organization to be a closed system?

Classical management viewpoint Management science perspective

______ approaches to management include learning organizations, high-performance work practices, and sustainable development.

Contemporary

What management viewpoint asks the question, "What method is the best to use under these particular circumstances?"

Contingency

The original focus of the Hawthorne studies was the:

Effects of lighting levels on work productivity

Renata is using the systems perspective to analyze her company. Which of these should be included in her analysis?

Equipment

What are Taylor's principles of scientific management?

Evaluate a task by scientifically studying each part of it (not by using old rule-of-thumb methods). This leads to the establishment of realistic performance goals for a job. Carefully select workers with the right abilities for the task. Give workers the training and incentives to do the task with the proper work methods. Use scientific principles to plan the work methods and ease the way for workers to do their jobs.

______ management encourages managers to make facts and logic the foundation of their approach to decison-making.

Evidence-based

Mary Parker Follett felt that managers should act as ______ rather than dictators.

Facilitators

Tyrone is reviewing customer response forms and learns that while some people like the company's new outerwear designs, the majority of customers do not. Which part of a system is Tyrone using to get his information?

Feedback

What are primary concerns of shared value and sustainable development?

Global equilibrium Social impacts Environmental effects

Who is known as the "father of industrial psychology" because of his revolutionary ideas on studying human behavior in workplaces?

Hugo Munsterberg

Maslow and McGregor focused on the study of ______ as it relates to increasing worker productivity.

Human relations

Which of the following statements are true about the classical perspective of management?

It emphasized finding ways to manage work more efficiently. It assumed that people were rational. It had two branches- scientific and

What are issues with the classical viewpoint?

It fails to account for the importance of human needs. It is overly mechanistic. It views humans as cogs in a machine.

What statement regarding a closed system in accurate?

It has little interaction with its environment

Which of the follwoing are true about complexity theory?

It is the study of how order and pattern arise from complicated, chaotic systems. It is used in strategic management and organizational studies. It seeks to understand how organizations adapt to their environements. It recognizes that all complex systems are networks of many independent parts that interact according to certain simple rules.

The scientific approach to management emerged in the early 20th century when companies wished to increase worker productivity to counteract ______.

Labor shortages

What are the contemporary approaches to management?

Learning organizations High-performance work practices Shared value and sustinable development

The classical viewpoint of management emphasizes ways to ______.

Manage work more efficiently

Peter Drucker is credited with providing the first modern handbook on the subject of ______.

Management

When Mary Parker Follett referred to the use of "communities" within an organization, she meant that

Managers and subordinates should work together to solve issues

Identify the two theorists who contributed the most to the human relations movement.

Maslow and McGregor

One issue with the classical viewpoint is that it tends to view humans as cogs in a machine, thereby rendering it overly _____.

Mechanistic

_______ management focuses on managing the production and delivery of an organization's products or services more effectively.

Operations

What are the branches of quantitative management?

Operations management Evidence-based management

According to the systems viewpoint, what are types of inputs?

People Information Equipment Materials Money

Maslow's hierarchy of human needs proposes that people are motivated by which needs?

Physiological, safety, love, esteem, and self-actualization

According to Henri Fayol, what are the major functions of management?

Planning Organizing Leading Controlling

What four disciplines are included in the behavioral science approach to management?

Psychology Sociology Anthropology Economics

The application of quantitative techniques, such as statistics and computer simulations, to management is called _____ management.

Quantitative

According to the Hawthorne effect hypothesized by Mayo and colleagues, when did employees work harder?

Recieved added attention They thought that managers cared about their welfare The supervisors paid special attention to them

What are the two branches of the classical viewpoint of management?

Scientific and administrative

Theory Y managers view workers as which of the following?

Self-directed Accepting of responsiblity Imaginative and creative

Mary Parker Follett would agree with today's concept of

Self-managed teams

The management approach of _____ was one of the first to recognize that enriching the lives of organizational and community family was just as important as a company making a profit.

Spaulding

In which ways did Munsterberg suggest that psychologists could contribute to industry?

Study jobs and determine which people are best suited to specific jobs. Identify the psychological conditions under which employees do their best work. Devise management strategies to influence employees to follow management's interests.

Henri Fayol is credited with being the first person to _____ management behavior.

Systematize

Administrative management is concerned with managing:

The total organization

Which of the following are the major parts of creating learning organizations?

Transfer knowledge Modify behavior to use knowledge Create and acquire knowledge

T or F: Frederick Taylor is associated with the scientific management approach to management.

True

What organization launched the PRME?

United Nations

Which of these statements represent ideas that Peter Drucker introduced in his book "The Principles of Management"?

Workers should be treated as assets. The corporation could be considered a human community. There is "no business without a customer". Institutionalized management practices are preferable to chraismatic cult leaders.

A supervisor who considers employees to be irresponsible and resistant to change would be characterized as a Theory ______ manager.

X

If you believe your employees are capable of taking on responsibility with sufficient self-direction and self-control, you are a Theory _______ manager.

Y

McGregor developed Theory X and Theory Y based on the realization that managers should _____.

be aware of their attitudes towards employees

What is the focus of PRME?

business education

According to the ___ viewpoint, a management problem should be handled according to the individual and the environmental situation.

contingency

In terms of the systems viewpoint, _____ is information about the reaction of the environment to the outputs that affects the inputs.

feedback

In order to follow Mary Parker Follett's concept of integration, a company should

hold meetings between managers and workers to solve problems in a mutually beneficial way

Scientific management is the study of work methods to improve the productivity of ______.

individual workers

James has a small bakery specializing in gourmet brownies. Based on the systems viewpoint, the flour, sugar, yeast, and eggs he uses in baking would be considered _______, whereas the decorated brownies he sells to customers would be considered _______.

inputs and outputs

According to the systems perspective, transformational processes are responsible for turning

inputs into outputs

A system is a set of _____ parts that operate together to achieve a common purpose.

interrelated

A learning organization

is able to modify its behavior to reflect new knowledge actively creats, acquires, and transfers knowleddge within itself

Theory X managers view workers as

lacking ambition

A ______ organization actively creates, acquires, and transfers knowledge within itself and is able to modify its behavior to reflect new knowledge.

learning

In order to build a _____ organization, managers must build a commitment to learning, work to generate ideas with impact, and work to generalize ideas with impact.

learning

Operations management focuses on

managing the production and delivery of an organization's products or services more effectively

Charles Clinton Spaulding, one of the pioneering theorists of administrative management, proposed eight _____ of management based in part on his childhood experiences working at his father's fields.

necessities

Systems that have continual interaction with their environment are known as _____ systems.

open

In terms of the systems viewpoint, profits and losses are types of

outputs

Evidence-based management focuses on bringing ______ to the decision process.

rationality

Organizations that prioritize creating shared value are not only concerned with their shareholders but also with their

stakeholders

Shared value and _____ development consider environmental and social effects of business as well as profit.

sustainable

An open system fosters the idea that two or more forces combined create an effect that is greater than the sum of their individual effects. This is known as

synergy

A set of interrelated parts that operate together to achieve a common purpose is called a(n)

system

Complexity theory is an offshoot of the ______ viewpoint because it is the study of how multiple chaotic processes arise into pattern and order.

systems

The ______ viewpoint regards the organization as arrangements of interrelated parts that operate together to achieve a common purpose.

systems

The behavioral management viewpoint emphasized

the importance of understanding human behavior and motivating employees to achieve

According to the systems viewpoint, the part of a system that involves turning raw materials and knowledge into a new and different product or service is called _____.

transformational processes

Maslow's hierarchy of needs resulted from a study of

what motivates people to perform