MGMT Ch. 2,3
A sign in the college bookstore states that students can return a textbook only if it is still shrink-wrapped and returned within the first 10 days of the semester. This is an example of a(n) _______. A.rule B.unstructured problem C.procedure D.policy E.nonprogrammed decision
A
Alicia is convinced that she can tell more about a job applicant in a 5-minute interview than through pre-employment tests or reference checks and insists that her gut instincts are never wrong. Alicia is using _______. A.intuitive decision making B.a linear thinking style C.rational decision making D.evidence-based management (EBMgt) E.heuristics
A
Andrew must buy a new office copier. He lists the features the copier must have, such as a built-in scanner, color copying, and an automatic document feeder, along with how much he can spend. Which step of the decision-making process does this represent? A.Identifying decision criteria B.Identifying the problem C.Selecting an alternative D.Developing alternatives E.Allocating weights to the criteria
A
The gap between an existing state and a desired state is referred to as _______. A.a problem B.heuristics C.bounded rationality D.a decision E.uncertainty
A
When managers develop the strategies for the organization for how it will compete successfully, they are engaged in ________. A. strategic management B. controlling C. SWOT analysis D. organizing E. environmental scanning
A.
More people will buy ground beef advertised as "80% lean" instead of "20% fat" even though the meaning is the same. Which decision-making bias does this reflect? A.Availability bias B.Framing bias C.Hindsight bias D.Confirmation bias E.Overconfidence bias
B
The office manager has to place another order for copy paper, so he checks the office supply company's website to see if either of his preferred brands is on sale before placing the order. This is an example of a(n) _______. A.unstructured problem B.programmed decision C.policy D.nonprogrammed decision E.nonlinear thinking style
B
A manager can make the most accurate decision under a situation of _______ because the outcome of every alternative is known. A.uncertainty B.risk C.certainty D.probability E.ambiguity
C
Cashiers at the supermarket are allowed to adjust the price of an item up to a maximum of $5.00 without getting the manager's approval. This would best be described as a(n) _______. A.unstructured problem B.rule C.policy D.procedure E.nonprogrammed decision
C
In order to make exchanges or returns at a clothing retailer, customer service representatives must follow an established series of steps, such as checking the receipt, inspecting the item for damage, and issuing a store credit. This is an example of a(n) _______. A.rule B.policy C.procedure D.unstructured problem E.nonprogrammed decision
C
What is the first step in the decision-making process? A.Analyze alternatives. B.Allocate weights to the decision criteria. C.Identify a problem. D.Develop alternatives. E.Identify decision criteria.
C
After looking at several copiers, Andrew decides to buy one. He knows other models might be available elsewhere, but he doesn't have time to keep looking, and the one he is buying seems to meet his needs. This is an example of _______. A.maximizing B.evidence-based management (EBMgt) C.design thinking D.satisficing E.escalation of commitment
D
Andrew goes to the office supply store and talks to a sales representative, who shows him several copiers that can meet his needs. Which step of the decision-making process does this represent? A.Selecting an alternative B.Identifying the problem C.Identifying decision criteria D.Developing alternatives E.Allocating weights to the criteria
D
Heidi is the marketing manager at a large winery. The expensive ad campaign she planned has flopped so far, but instead of scrapping it and trying something else, Heidi decides to invest more money in the campaign and run ads in even more publications. This is an example of ________. A.rational decision making B.a linear thinking style C.design thinking D.escalation of commitment E.satisficing
D
Instead of identifying and evaluating alternatives with logic and deductive reasoning, a manager using _______ would try to envision and entertain new and innovative solutions to a problem. A.bounded rationality B.big data C.linear thinking D.design thinking E.evidence-based management
D
Managers who use facts, logic, and rational thinking to guide their decisions and actions are using _______. A.a nonlinear thinking style B.the selective perception bias C.intuitive decision making D.a linear thinking style E.heuristics
D
The data-driven, systematic use of the best available facts and information to improve management practice is referred to as: A.bounded rationality B.nonlinear thinking C.design thinking D.evidence-based management (EBMgt) E.intuitive decision making
D
Whenever Gabriela needs to book a hotel room in an unfamiliar city, she always stays at a Marriott, because she's familiar with the brand. This is an example of ________. A.the randomness bias B.a procedure C.a rule D.a heuristic E.the hindsight bias
D
Which of the following managers is using big data in decision making? A.A customer service manager examines attendance data from the last 12 months. B.The department chair at a medium-sized university reviews enrollment data for the past 3 years to determine what classes to offer during the fall semester. C.A sales manager analyzes changes in sales as a result of an advertisement placed in the local newspaper. D.A large retailer uses software to adjust prices in real time for 70+ million items based on demand and inventory. E.A supermarket analyzes customer transactions to determine how many customers used cash, how many used credit cards, and how many wrote checks.
D
Which decision-making bias refers to a decision maker's tendency to assess how likely something is to happen or how closely it resembles other events or sets of events? A.Selective perception bias B.Anchoring effect C.Hindsight bias D.Representation bias E.Availability bias
D
Brandi's Bakery has received its first major commercial order, and the owner needs to determine if she can fill this order on her own or if she needs to hire an employee. This is an example of _______. A.a procedure B.certainty C.a programmed decision D.an unstructured problem E.satisficing
D
__________ refers to the concept that many managers lack the time and the ability to process all of the alternatives to solve a problem. A.Rational decision making B.Intuition C.Heuristics D.Bounded rationality E.Design thinking
D
Alberto is a manager who trusts his hunches when making decisions. He is more apt to follow his instincts than use facts or data. This is an example of _______. A.a linear thinking style B.the hindsight bias C.heuristics D.evidence-based management (EBMgt) E.a nonlinear thinking style
E
Factors that are important or relevant to resolving a problem are referred to as _______. A.rules B.heuristics C.big data D.decisions E.decision criteria
E
In making decisions, global managers need to consider the values, beliefs and attitudes of the people involved. Which guideline for effective decision making does this represent? A.Consider all available and viable options. B.Know when it's time to move on. C.Require only as much information and analysis as is necessary to resolve a particular dilemma. D.Decisions should not create conflicts of interest. E.Understand cultural differences.
E
The saying, "Throwing good money after bad," meaning that you continue to waste money on a losing proposition, best describes __________. A.design thinking B.intuitive decision making C.bounded rationality D.satisficing E.escalation of commitment
E
Gannon Enterprises is in the midst of a major strategic change. To lessen resistance from some of the senior managers who are opposed to the change, the company has offered early retirements so that the managers can avoid having to experience the change effort. Which technique for reducing resistance to change does this best describe? A. Facilitation and support B. Participation C. Manipulation and co-optation D. Coercion E. Negotiation
E.
A strategic business unit (SBU) of a major corporation has entered a new, high volume industry and has quickly captured a significant share of the market. According to the BCG (Boston Consulting Group) matrix, how would this SBU be categorized? A. Star B. Dog C. Cash cow D. Horse E. Question mark
a
An idea champion is best described as an ________. A. individual who actively and enthusiastically supports new ideas, builds support, overcomes resistance, and ensures that innovations are implemented B. individual who is not afraid of change but makes changes only when there is a compelling reason to do so C. individual who introduces new methods, ideas, or products D. individual with original ideas about what the future will be or what the future could be like E. individual who acts as a catalyst and assumes the responsibility for managing the organizational change process
a
Because of its sheer size and the volume of products it purchases from its vendors, Walmart can dictate the prices it will pay. Which of Porter's five competitive forces does this represent? A. Bargaining power of buyers B. Threat of substitutes C. Current rivalry D. Bargaining power of suppliers E. Threat of new entrants
a
JMY Technologies has experienced declining performance for the past six months. Top-level managers have determined that the problems are minor in nature and that a short-run renewal strategy is most appropriate. In order to stabilize operations, JMY will most likely implement a ________ strategy. A. retrenchment B. stability C. diversification D. turnaround E. growth
a
Under which of the following circumstances would manipulation and co-optation be an appropriate technique for managing resistance to change? A. When a powerful group's endorsement is needed B. When resistance is due to misinformation C. When resisters are fearful and anxiety-ridden D. When resistance comes from a powerful group but their endorsement is not needed E. When resisters have the expertise to make a contribution
a
Which of the following is considered a structural variable that positively impacts an organization's innovation? A. An organic-type structure B. Limited interunit communication C. Maximizing extreme time pressures D. Minimizing feedback E. Limited resources
a
An organization's skills and abilities in doing the work activities needed in its business are referred to as its ________. A. capabilities B. resources C. competitive advantage D. core competencies E. mission
a.
At Mary Kay cosmetics, an annual awards ceremony is held where beauty consultants are dressed glamorously and received awards for sales goal achievements.. What element of organizational culture does this represent? a. rituals b. stories c. ethic d. language e. material artifacts and symbols
a.
RGH Enterprises is able to produce a wide line of garden tools and sells a high volume, and thus can capitalize on economies of scale and charge lower prices than its competitors. RGH Enterprises is using the ________ strategy. A. cost leadership B. differentiation C. stuck in the middle D. retrenchment E. focus
a.
Which of the following examines the number of components in an organization's environment and the extent of the organization's knowledge about those components? a. environmental complexity b. environmental uncertainty c. the demographic environment d. the economic environment e. organizational culture
a.
A major appliance manufacturer that has been purchasing electronic controls from a supplier makes the decision to design and develop the controls in-house. From the supplier's perspective, which of Porter's five competitive forces does this represent? A. Bargaining power of suppliers B. Threat of new entrants C. Threat of substitutes D. Current rivalry E. Bargaining power of buyers
b
An electronics firm develops a control for an appliance manufacturer, and its contract states that, if the appliance manufacturer terminates the contract early, it must reimburse the electronics firm for $2 million in development costs. Which of Porter's five competitive forces does this represent? A. Threat of substitutes B. Bargaining power of suppliers C. Threat of new entrants D. Bargaining power of buyers E. Current rivalry
b
Before bringing the new computer system online, HD Marketing formed a committee of employees from each of the major departments impacted by the change and asked for their input, suggestions, and assistance. Which technique for reducing resistance to change does this best describe? A. Manipulation and co-optation B. Participation C. Coercion D. Negotiation E. Facilitation and support
b
Caitlyn has always been a hard-driving, competitive person. She walks fast, talks fast, eats fast, and gets angry fast. Caitlyn would likely be described as exhibiting what type of personality? A. Type B personality B. Type A personality C. Melancholic D. Type Z personality E. Sanguine
b
Jamie is frustrated with the group project in her management class. Her team hasn't met to figure out who will do which portion of the project, and no timelines have been established. This situation best illustrates ________. A. stress B. role ambiguity C. role reversal D. role conflict E. role overload
b
Laura is a new physician in a busy clinic. She wants to spend enough time with her patients to fully understand their health concerns. However, she is required to see 30 patients per day, so she can spend no more than 10dash-15 minutes with each one. Laura is frustrated and is experiencing ________. A. role ambiguity B. role conflict C. role overload D. a workdash-family conflict E. a challenge stressor
b
Pasta Pronto is planning to grow by adding a location and increasing its delivery radius. What type of strategy is Pasta Pronto using? A. A stability strategy B. Concentration C. A renewal strategy D. Vertical integration E. Horizontal integration
b
Which metaphor about organizational change assumes that change consists of occasional disruptions that must be dealt with, but then things can continue under the new changed situation? A. The white-water rapids metaphor B. The calm waters metaphor C. Lewin's Force Field Analysis D. The organization as a shipwreck E. The organization as a blueprint
b
________ is/are pressures created by other employees. A. Task demands B. Interpersonal demands C. Organizational leadership D. Karoshi E. Role demands
b
According to the Boston Consulting Group (BCG) matrix, a question mark has ________ market share and ________ anticipated growth rate. A. intermediate; high B. low; high C. high; low D. low; low E. high; high
b.
In a survey of senior executives, over half said that the most important driver of innovation for companies was_____. a. management support b. a supportive corporate culture c. intolerance for playfulness d. high bonuses for successful innovation e. intolerance for debate
b.
In terms of an internal/external analysis, the use of obsolete technology in an outdated facility would be considered a(n) ________. A. opportunity B. weakness C. strength D. resource E. threat
b.
The degree of change and complexity in an organization's environment is referred to as _______. a. environmental complexity b. environmental uncertainty c. organizational culture d. workplace spirituality e. the economic environment
b.
The orientation program at a software company consists of a full-day session in which new employees are introduced to the company, its products and policies, and are assigned a senior employee who serves as their mentor. This process of helping new employees learn about and adapt to the organization's culture is known as ________. a. indoctrination b. socialization c. acculturation d. fraternization e. assimilation
b.
The shared social knowledge within an organization regarding the values, traditions, and principles of its employees is referred to as its ________. a. external environment b. organizational culture c. vision d. mission statement e. organizational structure
b.
The _______ view of management asserts that managers are directly responsible for the success and/or failure of an organization. a. contingency b. omnipotent c. classical d. authoritarian e. symbolic
b.
Which of the following is NOT true of strategic management? A. Strategic management can make a difference in how well an organization performs. B. The economic viability of the organization's business model is seldom a factor in the strategic management process. C. Organizations that use strategic management have higher levels of performance. D. The strategic management process helps companies cope with uncertainty. E. Both business organizations and not-for-profit organizations use strategic management.
b.
in terms of an internal/external analysis, loyal employees, low turnover, and a well-trained workforce would be examples of a ________. A. opportunity B. strength C. weakness D. threat E. capability
b.
which of the following is a true statement about the anticipated diversity of the workforce over the next 10 years? a. African-Americans are expected to be the fastest growing segment of the workforce b. the percentage of Hispanic-Americans in the population and the workforce is expected to increase c. the number of older workers in the workforce is expected to decline dramatically d. as baby boomers retire, the average age of the workers is expected to decline e. the fast growing segment of the workforce over the next 10 years is expected to be Asian-Americans.
b.
A major appliance manufacturer that has been purchasing electronic controls from a supplier makes the decision to design and develop the controls in-house. What type of corporate strategy does this represent? A. Horizontal integration B. A renewal strategy C. Vertical integration D. Concentration E. A stability strategy
c
An organization that grows using ________ expands by focusing on its primary line of business and increasing the number of products offered or markets served in its primary business. A. horizontal integration B. a renewal strategy C. concentration D. a stability strategy E. vertical integration
c
The focus of ________ is to minimize or eliminate dysfunctional conflict that exists between groups by changing the attitudes, stereotypes, and perceptions that groups have about each other. A. process consultation B. sensitivity training C. intergroup development D. team building E. survey feedback
c
Which of the following corporate strategies would be described as a status quo strategy? A. Renewal strategy B. Turnaround strategy C. Stability strategy D. Growth strategy E. Retrenchment strategy
c
Which of the following corporate strategies would be used by an organization to address declining performance? A. Growth strategy B. Stability strategy C. Renewal strategy D. Functional strategy E. First mover strategy
c
Which of the following is true of creativity? A. A creative organization will naturally be innovative. B. Creativity and innovation are synonymous. C. A creative organization develops unique ways of working or novel solutions to problems. D. Creativity is enough by itself without innovation. E. A creative organization is characterized by its ability to generate new ideas that are implemented into new products, processes, and procedures designed to be useful.
c
A strategic business unit (SBU) of a major corporation has high market share in its industry, but the growth rate of the industry is expected to be stagnant over the long run. According to the BCG matrix, how would this SBU be categorized? A. Dog B. Question mark C. Cash cow D. Horse E. Star
c.
How do manager responsibilities differ from non-managerial responsibilities? a. training is more important for the non-managerial employee because technical skills are key to their success b. because the lines between management responsibility and non-managerial responsibility have blurred in recent years, there is very little difference between the two c. Managers must coordinate and oversee the work of non-managerial employees d. managers make all of the decisions within the workplace, and non-managerial workers simply follow directions. e. non-managerial employees can turn to a manager to deal with problems, while middle managers must deal with problems alone.
c.
In Kurt Lewin's three-step change process, organizations are pushed toward change by ________. A. restraining forces B. organizational development C. driving forces D. stress E. refreezing
c.
Lockheed Martin's slogan is, "We never forget who we're working for." This is an example of how the company uses _______ to reinforce its organizational culture. a. ethics b. material artifacts and symbols c. language d. rituals e. stories
c.
Randy is conducting market research to assess the feasibility of introducing a new product. He wants to determine the values, attitudes, lifestyles, and tastes of the target market. Which component of the external environment is Randy assessing? a. technological b. political/legal c. sociocultural d. economic e. demographic
c.
Sansio's motto is, "Think Customer first." Based on this motto, what kind of organizational culture is the company fostering? a. sustainability culture b. diversity culture c. customer-responsive culture d. innovative culture e. safety culture
c.
Which of the following best illustrates a company with a strong organizational culture? a. there is limited connection between the espoused values of the organization and the behavior of its employees b. shared values within the organization are limited to the top executives c. organizational goals and values are clear and widely accepted d. employees have varied opinions about the organization's mission and values e. employees have limited knowledge about the company's history or its founders
c.
Which of the following generational cohorts is referred to as the iGeneration? a. Gen X b. Gen Y c. Post-millennials d. Baby Boomers e. millennials
c.
Which of the following groups would be considered to be an internal stakeholder of an organization? a. suppliers b. community c. employees d. customers e. government
c.
Which of the following is the second step of the strategic management process? A. Performing an internal analysis B. Formulating strategies C. Doing an external analysis D. Identifying the organization's current mission, goals, and strategies E. Implementing strategies
c.
Zappos has a monthly ceremony in which it recognizes a member of its development content team with a "Super Awesome Description Award." This is an example of which element of organizational culture? a. stories b. languages c. rituals d. ethics e. material artifacts and symbols
c.
Although the merger between Gray Enterprises and Horack Manufacturing is expected to be a "win-win" that will increase both companies' market share and save jobs, employees are fearful because they don't know what to expect. Which technique would be most useful in overcoming their resistance to change? A. Negotiation B. Coercion C. Manipulation and co-optation D. Facilitation and support E. Participation
d
Barbara's Bridals does not want to be "all things to all people." The company serves a niche market of plus-sized brides who want to purchase high-end, designer wedding gowns. Barbara's Bridals is pursuing a ________ strategy. A. cost leadership B. functional C. retrenchment D. focus E. stuck in the middle
d
In which type of organizational development (OD) does an outside consultant help the manager understand how interpersonal processes affect the way work is done? A. Survey feedback B. Team building C. Sensitivity training D. Process consultation E. Intergroup development
d
The metaphor about organizational change that assumes that change is normal and expected and managing it is a continual process is known as ________. A. the organization as a blueprint B. the organization as a shipwreck C. Lewin's Force Field Analysis D. the white-water rapids metaphor E. the calm waters metaphor
d
Which technique of reducing resistance to change involves helping employees see the logic of the change effort? A. Coercion B. Manipulation and co-optation C. Negotiation D. Education and communication E. Facilitation and support
d
_______ is an adverse reaction that people have to excessive pressure placed on them from extraordinary demands, constraints, or opportunities. A. Burnout B. Role ambiguity C. Role strain D. Stress E. Role conflict
d
"My way or the highway" would best describe which technique to manage resistance to change? A. Negotiation B. Facilitation and support C. Participation D. Coercion E. Manipulation and co-optation
d
Tayler's company has announced that, due to the poor economy, it will lay off 20% of the workforce by the end of the month. This announcement is the ________ that creates ________. A. stress; burnout B. strain; stress C. stress; stressors D. stressor; stress E. role overload; stress
d
A New York City advertising firm hands out a "Heroic Failure" award to employees whose ad campaigns were epic failures. The award is intended to foster creativity by banishing the fear of failure. Based on this, what kind of culture does the organization have? a. sustainability culture b. customer responsive culture c. safety culture d. innovation culture e. diversity culture
d.
A person who acts as a catalyst and assumes the responsibility for managing the change process is referred to as a(n) ________. A. idea champion B. change strategist C. innovator D. change agent E. visionary
d.
A small IT firm that is challenging larger competitors and changing the industry's rules of the game is engaged in ________. A.creativity B.sustaining innovation C.skunk works D.disruptive innovation E.process consultation
d.
According to the _______ view of management, managers have limited control and influence over the organization's success or failure. a. classical b. authoritarian c. contingency d. symbolic e. ominpotent
d.
At Aspen Electronics, the parking spots nearest the front door are reserved for the "Employee of the Month." Which aspect of organizational culture does this represent? a. rituals b. ethics c. language d. material artifacts and symbols e. stories
d.
One of GTO Industries' key suppliers is in the midst of a labor dispute and workers have gone on strike. In terms of an internal/external analysis, this would be an example of a(n) ________. A. strength B. weakness C. opportunity D. threat E. resource
d.
Target refers to its customers as "guests" and its employees as "team members." This is an example of how the company uses ________ to reinforce its organizational culture. a. rituals b. stories c. material artifacts and symbols d. language e. ethics
d.
Target refers to its customers as "guests" and its employees as "team members." This is an example of how the company uses ________ to reinforce its organizational culture. a. rituals b. stories c. material artifacts and symbols d. language e. ethics
d.
Which is the last step of Kurt Lewin's change process model? A. Changing B. Unfreezing C. Driving forces D. Refreezing E. Restraining forces
d.
Which of the following components of the external environment includes factors such as business cycle stages, interest rates, and inflation? a. technological b. political/legal c. global d. economic e. sociocultural
d.
Which of the following is LEAST likely a key component of an organization's culture? a. material artifacts and symbols b. stories c. rituals d. socialization e. language
d.
Which of the following would be considered an external force for change? A. Change in composition of workforce B. New organizational strategy C. New equipment D. Changing consumer needs and desires E. Changing employee attitudes
d.
Russ, a senior manager in an engineering firm, strongly believes that a manager decides his organization's future and has a plaque on his wall that reads, "I am the master of my fate." What view of management does this reflect? a. authoritarian b. contingency c. classical d. omnipotent e. symbolic
d.
What sets an organization apart from its competitors is known as its ________. A. business model B. core competencies C. functional strategy D. corporate strategy E. competitive advantage
e
In order to tailor a political candidate's message to the constituency in a particular area, her staff investigates the age, race, gender, income, and family composition. What aspect of the external environment is the staff investigating? a. Technological b. sociocultural c. economic d. political/legal e. demographic
e.
Jake is in the process of developing a strategic plan for his organization. He has just completed an analysis of the firm's resources and capabilities and has identified its strengths and weaknesses. According to the six-step strategic management process, which step has Jake performed? A. Formulating strategies B. Performing an external analysis C. Evaluating results D. Identifying the organization's current mission, goals, and strategies E. Doing an internal analysis
e.
No one at Zappos has private offices. Instead of cubicles, they have a free-flowing layout that they believe encourages collaboration. This is an example of how Zappos is using _______ to build organizational culture. a. language b. stories c. rituals d. ethics e. material artifacts and symbols
e.
When Steve Jobs created a separate and autonomous unit at Apple to develop the Macintosh computer, he was using ________. A.creative disruption B.frequent communication C.creativity D.disruptive technology E.skunk works
e.
SAP's motto is, "Your customers expect your entire operation to revolve around them." Based on this motto, what type of culture does SAP have? a. diversity culture b. sustainability culture c. innovation culture d. safety culture e. customer-responsive culture
e.
