MGMT - Chapter 15 - Managing Employee Motivation and Performance
According to the ERG theory of motivation a. more than one level of needs can operate simultaneously. b. employees are primarily motivated by money. c. satisfaction is contingent on hygiene factors. d. few people are motivated by a need for achievement. e. motivation is a function of how much we want something and how likely we think we are to get it.
ANS: A
According to the expectancy model, performance is a result of a. valence. b. the need for achievement, affiliation, and power. c. the strength of hygiene and motivation factors. d. the need for existence, relatedness, and growth. e. individual effort, ability, and environmental forces.
ANS: A
Brittany compares her salary to Neal's and finds that her salary is higher than his. According to equity theory, Brittany should a. remember to compare her inputs to Neal's. b. be motivated, because she makes more money. c. be unmotivated, because she is being rewarded too highly. d. be motivated, because Neal is not valued by the firm as much as she is. e. None of these choices.
ANS: A
Catching someone being good and then praising them is an example of a. positive reinforcement. b. avoidance. c. extinction. d. punishment. e. restitution.
ANS: A
Chelsea thinks about her job while at home, and she continually volunteers to do most of the work for the entire project group in her department. These characteristics indicate a strong need for a. achievement. b. affiliation. c. security. d. esteem. e. power.
ANS: A
Cliff works for the New York Department of Transportation. He perceives that his union's contract is so strong he can't be fired and the only way he will get promoted is if the person above him dies or retires. He has a. low effort-to-performance expectancy and low performance-to-outcome expectancy. b. low effort-to-performance expectancy and high performance-to-outcome expectancy. c. high effort-to-performance expectancy and low performance-to-outcome expectancy. d. high effort-to-performance expectancy and high performance-to-outcome expectancy. e. zero valence.
ANS: A
Edwin is delighted that his boss has promised a hefty bonus to whomever gets the most customers to sign up for lawn-mowing service. According to expectancy theory, Edwin's delight a. the outcome valence. b. the effort-to-performance expectancy. c. the performance-to-reward expectancy. d. the outcome. e. none of these choices.
ANS: A
Giving prestigious job titles would be a way to satisfy people's need for a. esteem. b. belongingness. c. self-actualization. d. safety. e. equity.
ANS: A
In most police forces, promotion to a higher grade comes after the officer has passed an examination. If Micah were unable to pass this examination after four tries, it is reasonable that he would decide that his friendships with the people he currently works with are more important than his promotion. He would have replaced ____ needs with ____ needs. a. growth; relatedness b. existence; growth c. relatedness; growth d. relatedness; existence e. growth; existence
ANS: A
José wants to be given a job to do and then be left alone to do it. He tends to set moderately difficult goals for himself and to really get involved in his work. He also has a strong need for knowing how he is doing. José has a high need for a. achievement. b. affiliation. c. power. d. security. e. esteem.
ANS: A
Monthly pay is an example of a. fixed-interval. b. fixed-ratio. c. variable-interval. d. variable-ratio. e. infinite-ratio.
ANS: A
Once a year Homer tells his wife he loves her. If his feelings change, he will let her know. Homer uses a ____ schedule of reinforcement. a. fixed-interval b. fixed-ratio c. variable-interval d. variable-ratio e. fixed-variable
ANS: A
Robyn sells real estate for a large franchised organization. She likes the fact that she is allowed to set her own work goals, make decisions, and solve problems having to do with the houses that her customers are buying and selling. The real estate company for which Robyn works uses ____ to enhance employee motivation. a. empowerment b. autonomy c. self-relevance d. employees' need for affiliation e. employees' need for self-actualization
ANS: A
Sexual harassment policies and laws spell out the consequences for violation of the rules. What kind of reinforcement procedure is this? a. Avoidance b. Extinction c. Positive reinforcement d. Punishment e. Retribution
ANS: A
Song, the new low-fare carrier of Delta Air Lines, announced an agreement with designer Kate Spade to design flight attendant uniforms. Song is attempting to meet flight attendants' ____ needs. a. esteem b. physiological c. belongingness d. security e. self-actualization
ANS: A
Stock options granted only to the top performers provide an incentive for the behavior to continue and for others to aspire to that level. This is an example of a. positive reinforcement. b. extinction. c. avoidance. d. retribution. e. denial.
ANS: A
The ____ theory of motivation specifically addresses the issues on which job enrichment focuses. a. two-factor b. expectancy c. reinforcement d. equity e. ERG
ANS: A
The ____ theory says motivation is a function of how much we want something and how likely we think we are to get it. a. expectancy b. equity c. reinforcement d. two-factor e. ERG
ANS: A
Tyler told Emily to improve public opinion. The goal that Emily was given lacks goal a. specificity. b. acceptance. c. conformity. d. congruity. e. difficulty.
ANS: A
Wal-Mart rewards high performers with the chance to model or choose a family member to model, for their sales flyers. Wal-Mart is attempting to meet associate's ____ needs. a. esteem b. physiological c. belongingness d. security e. self-actualization
ANS: A
When a supervisor withholds aversive outcomes so long as her subordinates behave as they should, she is using a. avoidance. b. extinction. c. positive reinforcement. d. punishment. e. retribution.
ANS: A
Which historical approach to motivation is based on scientific management and takes an economic incentive approach to motivation? a. Traditional b. Human relations c. Human resources d. Content e. Process
ANS: A
Which of the following schedules of reinforcement are time-based schedules? a. Fixed-interval and variable-interval b. Fixed-ratio and variable-ratio c. Fixed-ratio and variable-interval d. Fixed-interval and variable-ratio e. Variable-interval and variable-ratio
ANS: A
Your boss is notorious for firing people for trivial matters. Your boss uses ____ to influence the behavior of others. a. punishment b. extinction c. avoidance d. retribution e. denial
ANS: A
A credit-card company hires telemarketers to call customers to try to entice them to sign up for a new credit card. The telemarketers receive a bonus for every fourth application the company receives. This is an example of which type of reinforcement schedule? a. Continuous b. Fixed-ratio c. Fixed-interval d. Variable-ratio e. Variable-interval
ANS: B
A disadvantage of ____ is the time and effort needed to coordinate between employees. a. variable work schedules b. job sharing c. telecommuting d. flexible work schedules and telecommuting e. compressed work schedules
ANS: B
According to the ____ approach to motivation, the illusion of employee involvement and importance is sufficient to satisfy workers' basic social needs and result in higher motivation to perform. a. traditional b. human relations c. human resources d. content e. process
ANS: B
According to the text, performance is basically determined by a. intelligence, environmental influences, and ability. b. ability, motivation, and environment. c. motivation, experience, and subordinates. d. inner drives, psychological needs, and motivation. e. motivation, intelligence, and ability.
ANS: B
Adam felt neutral toward his Management class after the first week. However, after he made an A on this first exam, he said the class was great. This is an example of which of the following? a. Satisfaction leads to performance b. Performance leads to satisfaction c. Expectancy leads to high performance d. Intrinsic rewards lead to performance e. Satisfaction leads to intrinsic rewards
ANS: B
Dave Miller tells new employees that so long as they do what they are told, he will pretty much leave them alone. But if they get out of line, he will not hesitate for one minute to impose the contractual disciplinary procedure. What kind of reinforcement does Miller's approach represent? a. Positive reinforcement b. Avoidance c. Extinction d. Punishment e. Distortion
ANS: B
Edward frequently misplaces his keys at work. His colleagues refuse to help him look for them. What kind of reinforcement are the colleagues using? a. Avoidance b. Extinction c. Positive reinforcement d. Punishment e. Distortion
ANS: B
Goal-directed effort is a function of four goal attributes. Which of the following is NOT one of those attributes? a. Difficulty b. Equity c. Specificity d. Acceptance e. Commitment
ANS: B
Nate perceives that no matter how much he studies he won't do as well as Carol on the test. What makes it worse is Carol doesn't even study. According to equity theory, Nate will a. study harder. b. lower his goal. c. tell Carol to study. d. study with Carol. e. None of these choices
ANS: B
Palash notices that no matter how high or low his production, his boss does not give him any reward or punishment. Which of the following is true for Palash? a. His efforts are low. b. His performance-to-outcome expectancy is low. c. The sum of his outcome valences is high. d. His effort-to-performance expectancy is low. e. None of these choices.
ANS: B
Robert wanted an inexpensive, fuel efficient car. He investigated buying a small gas motor car and a hybrid. He decided on the hybrid, even though it cost more. Now he reads about all electric cars and wonders if he made the right choice. He is currently in which step of the motivation process? a. Choosing a behavior that satisfies the need b. Determining future needs c. Searching for ways to satisfy the need d. Evaluating need satisfaction e. Recognizing a need
ANS: B
The ____ theory of motivation is based on the idea that employees compare their inputs and outcomes to some other person's to determine if they are being fairly treated. a. expectancy b. equity c. reinforcement d. hierarchy of needs e. two-factor
ANS: B
What need is evidenced by the fact that people buy life and health insurance and deposit money in savings accounts? a. Physiological b. Existence c. Self-actualization d. Relatedness e. Growth
ANS: B
When a supervisor refuses to smile at her employees who are clowning around during an important meeting, this is an example of a. punishment. b. extinction. c. avoidance. d. resentment. e. denial.
ANS: B
Which motivational theory suggests that people will rationalize away differences between rewards they and others receive? a. Hierarchy of needs b. Equity c. Expectancy d. Reinforcement e. Two-factor
ANS: B
Which of the following factors would MOST likely cause an employee to have a low effort-to-performance expectancy? a. The company keeps its pay schedules secret. b. The employee perceives his or her ability as low. c. Management increases standards for receiving a bonus when workers start increasing productivity. d. It is a well-known fact that the organization pays below industry standards. e. The employee feels that the organization's reward is not adequate.
ANS: B
Which of the following is NOT a process theory of motivation? a. Expectancy theory b. ERG theory c. Goal setting d. Equity theory e. Porter-Lawler extension
ANS: B
Which of the following is NOT one of the basic assumptions of expectancy theory? a. Individual differences as well as the environment influence motivation. b. Individuals observe their own behavior and decide whether it is motivated by internal or external factors. c. People are free to make choices about how to behave. d. People have a choice of behavioral alternatives. e. Different people march to different drummers.
ANS: B
Windmere allows its administrative employees to arrive anytime between 7:00 am and 9:00 am., and leave any time between 4:00 pm and 6:00 pm, as long as they work for eight consecutive hours. This arrangement is known as a. compressed time. b. flextime. c. merit time. d. work redesign. e. synergy.
ANS: B
You hear one of your subordinates say, "I really like my boss, the people we work with are great, and the pay is as good as you can expect, but I just can't get excited about coming to work in the morning." Which of the following theorists would say, "I told you so"? a. Maslow b. Herzberg c. McClelland d. Adams e. Fayol
ANS: B
A supervisor goes around at 9:00 a.m. every morning inspecting all of the facilities for which she is responsible. What schedule of reinforcement is she using? a. Continuous b. Fixed-ratio c. Fixed-interval d. Variable-ratio e. Variable-interval
ANS: C
According to equity theory, equity in a given situation depends on a. the amount of pay received for doing a job. b. the outcome/input ratios for an individual and some comparison other. c. a subjective evaluation of the outcome/input ratios for an individual and some comparison other. d. the amount of money an individual gets for doing a job relative to the amount a comparison other gets. e. the number of bonuses received each year
ANS: C
According to the ____ approach to motivation, employees want to contribute and are able to make genuine contributions to the organization. This philosophy guides most contemporary thinking about employee motivation. a. traditional b. human relations c. human resources d. content e. process
ANS: C
As it is used in expectancy theory, the term valence refers to a. a subjective probability estimate that effort will lead to performance. b. a subjective probability estimate that performance will lead to rewards. c. the value an individual places on outcomes. d. the product of the effort to performance and performance to reward expectancies. e. the overall level of individual motivation.
ANS: C
At the U.S. Air Force Academy, cadets receive demerits if they show up to class late, don't keep their rooms clean, and commit numerous other offenses. This is an example of a. positive reinforcement. b. punishment. c. avoidance. d. extinction. e. an extrinsic reward.
ANS: C
Bianca is a technical writer. She works at her company office one day per week and her home office four days. She is using which type of alternative work arrangement? a. Variable work schedules b. Job sharing c. Telecommuting d. Flexible work schedules and telecommuting e. Compressed work schedules
ANS: C
Ellen claims her job is so easy she goes to work to relax after a busy weekend. She says she'll never retire. Using Herzberg's theory of motivation a. Ellen needs to satisfy her actualization need. b. existence is the need most important to Ellen. c. hygiene factors are more important to Ellen than motivators. d. the need for affiliation motivates Ellen. e. Ellen has a high effort-to-performance expectancy level.
ANS: C
Flexible work schedules, the 4/40 workweek, job sharing, and home-based work are all examples of what the text calls a. work redesign plans. b. goal-setting theory issues. c. alternative work arrangements. d. behavior modification plans. e. organizational modifications.
ANS: C
Generally speaking, politicians have a desire to influence the world around them by writing laws and changing things. This show a need for ____. a. achievement b. affiliation c. power d. security e. esteem
ANS: C
Growth as used in the ERG theory of motivation corresponds most closely to Maslow's a. physiological and safety needs. b. belongingness and self-esteem needs. c. self-actualization and the need for self-esteem. d. belongingness and need for the esteem of others. e. safety and belongingness needs.
ANS: C
Many high school administrators have been concerned about the attention given athletes and the fact that students who are high academic achievers have been ignored. As a result, some high schools have instituted a Renaissance Program. With this program, students are rewarded for good grades with close parking, free tickets to sporting events, free meals, and coupons from community businesses. Students who were not athletes are motivated to succeed. Renaissance Programs use a. alternative work arrangements. b. work redesign. c. behavior modification. d. attribution theory. e. two-factor theory of motivation.
ANS: C
One method commonly used to empower employees is a. focus groups. b. Delphi groups. c. work teams. d. organizational policies. e. matrix organizational structures.
ANS: C
One step in behavior modification is to determine what rewards subordinates desire most and to tie those desired rewards to desired performance. If participants ignore the unwanted behavior, then the behavior modification is centered around a. positive reinforcement and punishment. b. avoidance and punishment. c. positive reinforcement and extinction. d. avoidance and extinction. e. positive reinforcement and avoidance.
ANS: C
Oprah's Book Club includes millions of readers who not only enjoy reading but also are fulfilling their needs for a. esteem. b. power. c. affiliation. d. security. e. achievement.
ANS: C
Raj sells office-management software to people in the medical profession. His sales manager has advised Raj that one of his goals this year should be to increase the time he spends on after-the-sale service. Once Raj has sold the software, the customer buys upgrades from the manufacturer and will never again buy from Raj. Raj sees after-the-sale service as a poor use of time that could be used to sell. In terms of the goal-setting theory, the likelihood that Raj will achieve his sales manager's goal is low due to a lack of goal a. consistency and uniformity. b. congruity and consistency. c. acceptance and commitment. d. difficulty and acceptance. e. conformity and flexibility.
ANS: C
Research has shown that people with a strong need for ____ are likely to be superior performers, have good attendance records, and occupy supervisory positions. a. achievement b. affiliation c. power d. security e. esteem
ANS: C
Ron Cole enjoys many good friendships with the people he works with, but feels a real need to achieve great things in his job. He tries everything he can think of to get his boss to give him a meaningful project to work on and to gain some recognition for what he does, but to no avail. Finally, he concludes that he is wasting his time and reverts to nourishing his friendships with coworkers. What concept from the ERG theory of motivation would explain this renewed interest in friendships? a. Satisfaction-progression element b. Punishment cycle c. Frustration-regression element d. Equity-reduction element e. Expectancy-decline cycle
ANS: C
To make successful use of the equity theory, managers must remember that a. over rewarded employees perform best. b. under rewarded employees perform best. c. for rewards to motivate employees, employees must perceive them as being fair. d. employees must consider their inputs equal to the inputs of their comparison other. e. employees must consider their outcomes equal to the outcomes of their comparison other.
ANS: C
When a manager's efforts to discipline an employee for poor behavior seem to lead to an increase in that behavior, one could conclude that the manager is actually using a(n) ____ strategy. a. avoidance b. extinction c. positive reinforcement d. punishment e. retribution
ANS: C
Which kind of reinforcement involves providing a desired outcome in the presence of desirable behavior? a. Avoidance b. Extinction c. Positive d. Reward e. Punishment
ANS: C
Which of the following is an example of a positive reinforcer? a. Praise b. A pay raise c. A promotion d. A plaque e. All of these choices
ANS: C
Which of the following programs explicitly applies the concepts of reinforcement theory to motivation? a. Alternative work arrangements b. Work redesign c. Behavior modification d. Attribution theory e. Two-factor theory
ANS: C
Which of the following reinforcement schedules offers a worker the MOST incentive to do good work? a. Fixed-interval b. Fixed-ratio c. Variable-interval d. Variable-ratio e. All of these choices
ANS: C
Which of the following statements about the need for power is FALSE? a. People with high power needs tend to be high performers. b. People with high power needs tend to have good attendance records. c. Most supervisors do not have a high need for power. d. More successful managers have higher power needs than do less successful managers. e. The need for power is the desire to be influential and to control one's environment.
ANS: C
Which of the following statements describes a problem that managers who use punishment and extinction may experience? a. Both methods involve the use of avoidance. b. Both methods involve the use of fixed-interval reinforcement schedules, which are the least effective schedules. c. Both methods fail to prescribe the desired behavior. d. Both methods are process theories of motivation. e. Both methods depend on the target's perception of equity.
ANS: C
A construction worker injured on the job is on convalescent time-off for five weeks. She misses the people. She can't wait to get back to work. This is a(n) ____ need. a. achievement b. esteem c. self-respect d. affiliation e. security
ANS: D
A manager has been told that she will get a $50,000 bonus if her team meets their quota. She has also been informed that she will be fired if she does not get her team above last year's total. Which motivation theory is her boss most likely using? a. Equity theory b. Maslow's needs hierarchy c. Herzberg's two-factor theory d. Expectancy theory e. ERG theory
ANS: D
A manager who provides reinforcement on a periodic basis, regardless of performance, is using a ____ schedule. a. variable-interval b. variable-fixed c. fixed-ratio d. fixed-interval e. variable-ratio
ANS: D
According to Herzberg's two-factor theory of motivation, which of the following is a motivator? a. Pay b. Working conditions c. Hygiene factors d. An opportunity to show what you can do e. A quality supervisor
ANS: D
Al just graduated from college with a 3.86 GPA in finance. Last summer he had an internship at a federal reserve bank and received glowing performance reports. He has just gone to work for a Wall Street investment banking firm noted for providing its people with all the tools they need to succeed and then letting them sink or swim. Moore is determined to rise rapidly in the organization. From this information, Al's ____ should be high. a. situational self-relevance b. drive c. need d. performance e. expectancy
ANS: D
Ana is a police detective in a metropolitan police force. She believes that she is just as good a detective as her male counterparts. Because she is female, many of her counterparts assume that she will type up their reports as well as her own. She has been doing this typing for a while and is increasingly feeling under rewarded for her efforts. In terms of ____, she will more than likely decrease her inputs by refusing to do typing for other detectives. a. the expectancy theory b. the hierarchy of needs c. Herzberg's theory d. the equity theory e. the human relations approach to motivation
ANS: D
Fairway Green Inc. has added a lucrative retirement plan for its employees that includes medical benefits for retirees. These benefits target which level of need in Maslow's hierarchy a. esteem. b. physiological. c. belongingness. d. security. e. self-actualization.
ANS: D
If you want to increase the probability that a behavior will recur, which of the following types of reinforcement will get the desired results? a. Positive reinforcement and extinction b. Avoidance and extinction c. Punishment and positive reinforcement d. Avoidance and positive reinforcement e. Punishment and extinction
ANS: D
If you want to maintain an employee's behavior at a high level with minimum fluctuations in the level of the behavior, which of the following schedules of reinforcement would be most successful? (Disregard the possible difficulty of using such a schedule in the workplace.) a. Continuous b. Fixed-ratio c. Fixed-interval d. Variable-ratio e. Variable-interval
ANS: D
Quality control inspectors often randomly select items from an assembly line for inspection. For example, they may take the twelfth, seventeenth, forty-fourth, and sixtieth items. What reinforcement schedule are they using? (Assume that the items are unevenly spaced.) a. Continuous b. Fixed-ratio c. Fixed-interval d. Variable-ratio e. Variable-interval
ANS: D
Raphael went to law school, passed his state bar exam, and decided to become a pastry chef. According to expectancy theory, practicing law had a. high positive valence. b. a high need for achievement. c. a need for self-actualization. d. high negative valence. e. a high intrinsic self-relevance
ANS: D
The need to have a safe physical and emotional environment is a(n) ____ need. a. esteem b. physiological c. psychological d. security e. social
ANS: D
This week Alberto is paid $150 for every 15 units he assembles. Next week he will get $150 for every 18 and the week after $150 for every 20, but he doesn't know that yet. This is an example of a(n) ____ schedule. a. fixed-interval b. interval-ratio c. fixed-ratio d. variable-ratio e. fixed-variable
ANS: D
Unions nearly always bargain for retirement packages and comprehensive medical plans. Recently, they have begun negotiating for advanced notice of plant closings. What need level from Maslow's hierarchy do these demands represent? a. Esteem b. Physiological c. Belongingness d. Security e. Self-actualization
ANS: D
Which of the following describes how managers should use the expectancy model? a. They should recognize that employees have different needs. b. They should try to understand each employee's key needs. c. They should help employees determine how to satisfy their needs through performance. d. They should be aware that employees would be motivated to change something if they do not experience high expectancy levels. e. All of these choices
ANS: D
Which of the following perspectives on motivation concerns what motivates people as opposed to how they are motivated? a. Traditional b. Human relations c. Human resources d. Content e. Process
ANS: D
Your employees have been appropriately engaging in a particular behavior for several years and have been positively reinforced for doing so. A change in the law now makes this behavior unacceptable. What should you do? a. Punish the behavior until it disappears. b. Use extinction to get rid of the behavior. c. Use punishment to get rid of the undesirable behavior and then positively reinforce the desired behavior. d. Combine extinction of the unacceptable behavior with positive reinforcement of the desired behavior. e. Use avoidance toward the undesirable behavior and positive reinforcement of the desired behavior.
ANS: D
A supervisor is required to inspect plant facilities to determine that they are safe, clean, and functional. She often goes out on the floor two or three times a day; other days she does not go at all. What reinforcement schedule is she using? a. Continuous b. Fixed-ratio c. Fixed-interval d. Variable-ratio e. Variable-interval
ANS: E
According to the ____ theory, people will repeat those behaviors that bring desirable consequences and avoid those that fail to bring desirable consequences or that bring aversive consequences. a. equity b. expectancy c. two-factor d. hierarchy of needs e. reinforcement
ANS: E
According to the expectancy theory, motivation determines a. effort-to-performance expectancy. b. performance-to-reward expectancy. c. effort-to-performance expectancy and performance-to-reward expectancy. d. effort-to-performance expectancy and valence of outcomes. e. effort-to-performance expectancy, performance- to-reward expectancy, and valence of outcomes.
ANS: E
Desired behavior is likely to be repeated as a result of a. positive reinforcement. b. avoidance. c. extinction. d. punishment. e. both positive reinforcement and avoidance.
ANS: E
If you want to reduce the likelihood that a behavior will recur, which of the following types of reinforcement will get the desired results? a. Avoidance and positive reinforcement b. Extinction and avoidance c. Positive reinforcement and extinction d. Punishment and avoidance e. Extinction and punishment
ANS: E
If, as a supervisor, you have no control over the pay raises, promotions, and rewards, what method of reinforcement are you able to use? a. Positive reinforcement b. Extinction c. Avoidance d. Punishment e. All of these choices
ANS: E
Jill enjoys a challenge. She never stagnates. If work is not providing enough growth, then she will train for a marathon. She is working on her ____ needs. a. esteem b. physiological satisfaction c. belongingness d. security e. achievement
ANS: E
Starbucks pays above-market price to farmers who grow coffee in an ecologically healthier way. Employees at Starbucks feel good working for a company that is an environmental leader. Starbucks is attempting to meet ____ needs. a. esteem b. physiological c. belongingness d. security e. self-actualization
ANS: E
The President of XYZ Corp. does not like to give bad news. However, his staff is not performing well and some changes need to be made. His chief of staff has the goal of improving staff coordination and performance. The goal has a. specificity. b. acceptance. c. conformity. d. congruity. e. difficulty.
ANS: E
The owners of XYZ Company believe that everyone in the company is equally likely to come up with the method needed to operationalize a plan. All are treated as equal. The management of XYZ is trying to create an environment in which employees will strive to satisfy their needs for a. esteem. b. physiological satisfaction. c. belongingness. d. security. e. self-actualization.
ANS: E
When the number of H1N1 flu cases in an elementary school reached 10%, classes were postponed. The school could not meet the ____ needs of students and faculty until the flu was gone. a. psychological b. security c. belongingness d. esteem e. physiological
ANS: E
Which of the following factors would NOT satisfy Maslow's physiological needs? a. Air b. Food c. Sex d. Shelter e. Positive self-image
ANS: E
Which of the following is an example of a content theory of motivation? a. Expectancy b. Equity c. Reinforcement d. Security e. Two-factor
ANS: E
Which of the following statements does NOT describe a common characteristic of people with a high need for achievement? a. They want immediate feedback. b. They assume personal responsibility. c. They set realistic goals. d. They are often preoccupied with their task. e. They make up one quarter of the U.S. population
ANS: E
