MGMT Exam 2

___ means that decision makers choose the first solution alternative that satisfies minimal decision criteria (good enough)

satisficing

the matrix organization violates the __ ___

scalar principle

The ___ of management is the number of employees reporting to a supervisor & determines how closely a supervisor can monitor subordinates

span

___ goals are reasonable yet highly ambitious goals that are so clear, compelling, & imaginative that they fire up employees & engender excellence

stretch

Ron, the general manager of a chain of fitness accessories, gave his employees the task of creating a breakthrough fitness device. This task was challenging yet clear,& it motivated his employees to innovate. This is an example of a ____ ___

stretch goal

The first why of the 5 Whys generally produces a ____ explanation & each subsequent why probes ___ into the causes of the problem & potential solutions

superficial & deeper

What type of goals applies primarily to middle management?

tactical goals

David, a middle-level manager, presents a detailed estimate of his team's budget & approximate number of resources required for the next year. David has most likely contributed to developing the company's ____ ____

tactical plan

recruiting is sometimes referred to as ___ ___

talent acquisition

A ___ structure of management has an overall narrow span & more hierarchical levels

tall

A __ ___ is a temporary team or committee designed to solve a problem involving several departments

task force

Employment ___ may include cognitive ability tests, physical ability tests, personality inventories, & other assessments

tests

The ___ ___ structure means that the firm subcontracts most of its major functions to separate companies & coordinates their activities from a small organization at headquarters

virtual network

___ & ____ surveys show what other organizations pay incumbents in selected jobs

wage & salary

The employees of Clevmark Inc., a software firm, are divided into separate teams, & each team performs only its designated set of tasks. When the company faces a new strategic issue, a separate team is created to deal with the specific function. This scenario best illustrates ____ ___

work specialization

to find a competitive edge within the specific business environment, Port suggests that companies adopt 1 of 3 strategies:

1. differentiation, 2. cost leadership, & 3. focus

what are the 3 critical innovation strategies for changing products & technologies?

1. exploration, 2. cooperation, 3. innovation roles

___-____ feedback uses multiple raters, including self-rating, as a way to increase awareness of strengths & weaknesses & guide employee development

360-degree

____ means that the people with authority & responsibility are subject to reporting & justifying task outcomes to those above them in the chain of command

Accountability

__ ___ requires that an employer take positive steps to guarantee equal employment opportunities for people within protected groups

Affirmative action

The ___ ____ organizes business along 2 dimensions- business growth rate & market share

BCG matrix

____ ____ focuses managers on an applicant's job skills & performance rather than educational credentials, appearance, or prior experience

Blind hiring

___ ___ may be used by companies that put a premium on innovativeness & problem solving

Brain teasers

____ uses a face-to-face interactive group to spontaneously suggest as many ideas as possible for solving a problem

Brainstorming

____ ____ refers to what sets an organization apart from others & provides it with a distinctive edge for meeting customer or client needs in the marketplace

Competitive advantage

____ refers to adjusting & synchronizing the diverse activities among different individuals & departments

Coordination

The goals set forth by the new management team are extremely ambitious and are placing seemingly insurmountable goals for the employees. Alyson and some other employees have resorted to stealing some ideas from another company and passing them off as their own. Which best describes how the company's approach is affecting the employees?

Creating a false sense of certainty

____ refers to the generation of novel ideas that might meet perceived needs or respond to opportunities for the organization

Creativity

____ forces provide motivation for change

Driving

___ ___ brings people together in an interactive group over a computer network

Electronic brainstorming

____ is the belief that one's own group & culture are inherently superior to other groups and cultures

Ethnocentrism

____ is the stage where ideas for new products & technologies are born

Exploration

____ interviewing tests job candidates' ability to handle problems, cope with change, think on their feet, & work well with others

Extreme

which act allows employees to switch health insurance plans when changing jobs & get the new coverage regardless of preexisting health conditions; prohibits group plans from dropping a sick employee?

Health Insurance Portability & Accountability Act (HIPAA)

___ is the degree to which an employee feels like an esteemed member of a group in which his or her uniqueness is highly appreciated

Inclusion

Managers do much of their recruiting today via the ____, including social media sites.

Internet

Which of the following is an assumption underlying the political model of decision making?

It assumes that decisions are the result of bargaining and discussion among coalition memebers

In the context of Porter's competitive strategies, which of the following is an organizational characteristic typically associated with differentiation?

It involves rewarding employee innovation

___ ___ is a systematic process of gathering & interpreting information about the essential duties, tasks, & responsibilities & context of a job

Job analysis

___ ___ & ____ production is distinguished by standardized production runs

Large-batch & mass

___ authority means that people in management positions have the formal authority to direct & control immediate subordinates

Line

____ is a system whereby managers & employees define goals for every department, project, & person and use them to monitor subsequent performance

Management-by-objectives

_____ uses formal bargaining to win acceptance & approval of a desired change

Negotiation

_____ means that it defines how a decision maker should make decisions

Normative

which act establishes mandatory safety & health standards in organizations?

OSHA (Occupational Safety & Health Act)

___ innovation means extending the search for & commercialization of new ideas beyond the boundaries of the organization & even beyond the boundaries of the industry

Open

___ ___ is defined as the set of formal tasks assigned to individuals and departments, formal reporting relationships, including lines of authority, decision responsibility, number of hierarchical levels, & span of managers' control, & the design of systems to ensure effective coordination of employees across departments

Organization structure

___ ___ & ___ production produces goods in batches of one or a few products designed to customer specification

Small-batch & unit

___ ___ means learning informally from others by using social media tools

Social learning

____ authority is narrower & includes the right to advise, recommend, & counsel in the staff specialists' area of expertise

Staff

_____ are rigid, exaggerated, irrational beliefs associated with a particular group of people

Stereotypes

__ ___ effect refers to managers who often stick with a decision because they've invested a lot of resources in it, even though they'd be better off cutting their losses & moving on

Sunk cost

___ ___ begins with a questionnaire distributed to employees, the results of which are used to identify & solve problems

Survey feedback

T or F. Religious freedom acts allow certain businesses to refuse to serve gay people based on personal faith

T

___ ___ has emerged as a central topic of concern not only for human resource managers but for all managers

Talent management

___ ___ enhances the cohesiveness & success of organizational groups & teams

Team building

____ ___ ___ is especially important when change involves multiple departments or when resources are being reallocated

Top management support

___ is one of the most frequently used approaches to changing people's mind-sets

Training

___ makes people throughout the organization aware of problems & the need for change

Unfreezing

___ of command means that each employee is held accountable to only one supervisor

Unity

which act prohibits discrimination based on physical or mental disability & requires that employees be informed about affirmative action plans?

Vocational Rehabilitation Act

Under what circumstances is negotiation a particularly useful strategy in creating change?

When a group has power over implementation or a group will lose out in the change

what is a choice made from available alternatives?

a decision

what specifies the way in which an outcome will be achieved & can include the actions to be taken, the resources to be used, & the time frame for accomplishment

a plan

The innovation by ____ strategy recognizes that the cutting edge of innovation often happens with young, small, entrepreneurial companies rather than inside the walls of established firms

acquisition

the ___ mode is considered to be descriptive meaning that it describes how managers actually made decisions complex situations

administrative

An ___ approach means incorporating structures & processes that are appropriate for both the creative impulse & for the systematic implementation of innovations

ambidextrous

Managers with an ____ style like to consider complex solutions based on as much data as they can gather

analytical

The ___ form is used to collect information about the applicant's education, previous job experience, & other background characteristics

application

Innovative companies use a ____-___ approach, encouraging the flow of ideas from lower levels & making sure they get heard & acted upon by top executives

bottom-up

__ ____ means that people have limits, or boundaries, on how rational they can be

bounded rationality

what refers to how rapidly the entire industry is increasing?

business growth rate

In the context of the BCG (Boston Consulting Group) matrix, the _____ exists in a mature, slow-growth industry but is a dominant business in the industry, with a large market share

cash cow

People who tend toward a ____ style like to consider a broad amount of information but are more socially oriented than those with an analytical style & like to talk to others about the problem & possible alternatives for solving it

conceptual

The third step is to finding the right people is to select from the applicants those persons believed to be the best potential ____ to the organization

contributors

Successful innovation requires expertise from several departments simultaneously, & failed innovation is often the result of failed ____

cooperation

Playyonic is a gaming console manufacturer that manufactures compact high-end gaming devices. None of Playyonic's competitors have been able to meet its standard. This is an example of Playyonic's ___ ____

core competence

A ___ ___ is an in-house training & education facility that offers broad-based learning opportunities

corporate university

__ ___ prepares organization, its managers & employees to cope with sudden catastrophic events

crisis planning

In addition to creating task forces, companies also set up ___-____ teams to further horizontal coordination

cross-functional

___ change pertains to the organization as a whole and is not easy

culture

Legazint organizes its staff into departments based on the type of clients the department deals with. These departments include federally incorporated organizations, partnerships, limited liability companies, & corporations. In the context of the approaches to structural design, Legazint most likely follows ____-___ division

customer-based

Greater change & uncertainty in the environment are usually associated with ____

decentralization

With _____, decision authority is pushed downward to lower organization levels

decentralization

__ planning means planning experts work with managers in major decisions or departments to develop their own goals & plans

decentralized

Victoria is a top executive working with the managers in the major divisions of a multinational corporation to develop their own goals. This is most likely an example of ____ _____

decentralized planning

___ ___ is a process of identifying problems & opportunities & then resolving them

decision making

The ___ style is used by people who prefer simple, clear-cut solutions to problems

directive

what refers to moving into new lines of business?

diversification

Heterogeneous teams & organizations increase the chances of getting a ___ ____ ____, which provides a broader & deeper base of ideas, opinions, & experiences for problem solving, creativity, & innovation

diversity of thought

If Barcelona is organized by restaurant, with everyone who works in a restaurant reporting to the same manager, it has a ____ structure

divisional

The ____ structure occurs when departments are grouped together based on similar organizational outputs

divisional

One distinct feature of service technology that directly influences structure is the need for __ to be close to the customer

employees

An ____ ___ is similar to a product brand, except that its aim is to make the organization seem like a highly desirable place to work

employer brand

Frequently, ___ recruiting is advantageous

external

The ___ ___: Some people think women might actually be better managers because their approach is more in tune with today's global & multicultural environment

female advantage

The best alternative solution is the one that best fits the overall goals & values of the organization & achieves the desired results using the ____ resources

fewest

Organizational development focuses on the _____ & ____ aspects of an organization

human & social

Managers around the world often cite ___ ___ as the top factor in maintaining competitive success

human capital

what is the economic value of the combined knowledge, experience, skills, & capabilities of employees?

human capital

The first step in finding the right people is ___ ___ ___—predicting the need for new employees

human resource planning

An ___ ____ is a person who sees the need for & champions productive change within the organization

idea champion

The final step in the change process is ___

implementation

Many organizations use ___ recruiting or promote-from-within policies to fill their high-level positions

internal

An ___ is an arrangement whereby an intern exchanges free or low-cost labor for the opportunity to explore whether a particular career is appealing or to gain valuable work experience in a particular field

internship

___ is the quick apprehension of a decision situation based on past experience but without conscious thought

intuition

In ___-___ pay, compensation is linked to the specific tasks & employee performance

job-based

The ____-____ intervention approach brings together participants from all parts of the organization to discuss problems or opportunities & plan for change

large-group

In the context of the chain of command, _____ departments perform tasks that reflect an organization's primary goal & mission.

line

A ____ is a higher-ranking organizational member who is committed to providing upward mobility & support to a protégé's professional career

mentor

An organization's _____ is at the top of its goal hierarchy

mission statement

Ethnocentric viewpoints produce a ____ that accepts only one way of doing things & one set of values & beliefs

monoculture

to create a sense of urgency, a ___ __ __ is a disparity between existing & desired performance levels

need for change

A ___-___ ____ provides financial resources from which individuals or teams can draw to develop new ideas, products, or businesses

new-venture fund

A ___-___ ___ is a unit separate from the rest of the organization that is responsible for developing & initiating a major innovation

new-venture team

With a _____ interview, the interviewer asks broad, open-ended questions & permits the applicant to talk freely

nondirective

__ ___ are made in response to situations that are unique, are poorly defined & largely unstructured, & have important consequences for the organization

nonprogrammed decisions

An ____ exists when managers see a potential accomplishment that exceeds specified current goals

opportunity

The ___-___ trend: Women are less likely than men to want to be executives

opt-out

The characteristics of vertical structure are portrayed in the __ ___, which is the visual representation of an organization's structure.

organization chart

In ____ interviews, the candidate meets with several interviewers who take turns asking questions

panel

Progress was slow as projects moved through department after department. When a new owner purchased the company, the company was reorganized, & she now works on a team that is made up of software engineers, finance people, marketing, & customer relations. Productivity & reaction time to customer needs increased dramatically. What structure was Hester now a part of under the new ownership?

permanent teams

The fear of __ ___ is perhaps the biggest obstacle to organizational change

personal loss

the ___ model is useful for making nonprogrammed decisions where 1. conditions are uncertain, 2. information is limited, & 3. there are manager conflicts about what goals to pursue or what course of action to take

political

a ____ change is a change in the organization's product or service output

product

___-____ means combining intuitive & analytical thought

quasi-rationality

___ ___ is a planned, systematic process of change, uses behavioral science knowledge & techniques, & improves an organization's health & effectiveness

Organization development (OD)

___ ____ is the adoption of a new idea or behavior by an organization

Organizational change

which act imposes a fee on firms with 50 or more employees if the government subsidizes their employees' health care coverage; prevents insurers from denying coverage based on preexisting conditions or charging women more than men?

Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA)

___ change concerns just a few employees

People

___ is the lack of information about future events & represents a fear of the unknown

Uncertainty

___ ____ occurs when a person is not aware of the bias in his or her favorable & unfavorable assessments, actions, & decisions toward members of specific groups

Unconscious bias

The __ ___ __ is an unbroken line of authority that links all employees in an organization and shows who reports to whom

chain of command

___ is when goal to be achieved or problem to be solved is unclear, alternatives difficult to define, & information about outcomes is unavailable

ambiguity

The ___ ___ is an OD specialist who performs a systematic diagnosis of the organization & identifies work-related problems & implements a specific plan for training managers & employees

change agent

the __model of decision making is based on rational economic assumptions & manager's beliefs about what ideal decision making schedule (ideal mode)

classical

____ management involves talking to customers & other managers, addressing conflicts between managers, & breaking down barriers between departments

coalition

a ___ is an informal alliance among managers who support a specific goal

coalition

__ ____ is the process of forming alliances among managers

coalition building (closely resembles the real environment)

Under the matching model, the company's needs are to employee _____ as the employees' needs are to company _____

conrtibutions; inducements

____-based decision making means a commitment to make more informed & intelligent decisions based on the best available facts & evidence

Evidence

use ___-___ ____ to create a sense of urgency

force-field analysis

In a ____ structure, activities are grouped together by common function from the bottom to the top of the organization

functional

An alternative for assigning divisional responsibility is to group company activities by __ ___ or customer group

geographic region

The ___ ___ is an invisible barrier that exists for women & minorities that limits their upward mobility in organizations

glass ceiling

when engaging in rigorous debate brainstorming, it is good to avoid ____ (the tendency of people in groups to suppress contrary opinions)

groupthink

In the ___ ___, a manager gives an employee the same rating on all dimensions, even if his or her performance is good on some dimensions & poor on others

halo effect

A key skill in the global economy is ___ ____ to create an organization in which people's differences are leveraged for maximum performance while conflict is minimized

managing diversity

what defines whether the business unit has larger or smaller share than competitors?

market share

Manufacturing large numbers of like items, such as the iPhone, over an extended period of time is an example of what type of production?

mass production

With the ___ ___, the organization & the individual attempt to match the needs, interests, & values that they offer each other

matching model

The ____ approach combines aspects of both functional & divisional structures simultaneously, in the same part of the organization

matrix

As confusing as some might find it, she answers to two separate managers. While it's rare, she occasionally has to resolve conflicting information that comes from two different directions. She's working in what type of structural design?

matrix approach

Sheree coordinates the efforts of designers, editors, typesetters, proofreaders, & members of other departments. However, she is not considered a member of any of these departments. Sheree's role is most likely as a ____ ___

project manager

Hannah has invested in a business unit in a new & rapidly growing industry that has a small market share. In the context of the BCG (Boston Consulting Group) matrix, Hannah has most likely invested in a ____ ____

question mark

Which of the following is the first step in the managerial decision-making process?

recognition of decision requirement

The second step to finding the right people is to use ___ procedures to communicate with potential applicants

recruiting

___ is when decision has clear-cute goals & good information is available but future outcomes that are ties to each alternative are subject to chance of loss or failure

risk

what are inherited characteristics of SWOT analysis that might inhibit or restrict the organizations performance?

weaknesses

In times of crisis or risk of company failure, authority may be ____ at the top

centralized

To take the long-term view & to see the big picture, including the organization & the competitive environment, & consider how they fit together is an example of ___ thinking

strategic thinking

Organizing is important because it follows ____

strategy

a ___ is a plan of action that describes resource allocation & activities for dealing with environment, achieving a competitive advantage, & attaining the organizations goal

strategy

what are the positive internal characteristics of SWOT analysis that the organization can exploit to achieve its goals?

strengths

what is the degree to which machinery is involved in the production to the exclusion of people?

technical complexity

GM's decision to continue to manage eight brands, despite flagging sales and customer loss, is most strongly an example of what bias?

perpetuating the status quo

The ___ ____ is a question-asking method used to explore the root cause underlying a particular problem

5 Whys

__-___ review is a disciplined procedure whereby managers invest time in reviewing the results of decisions on a regular basis & learn from them

After-action

____ is the deployment of organizational resources to achieve strategic goals

Organizing

____ forces are the various barriers to change

Restraining

Performance ____ refers to observing & assessing employee performance, recording the assessment, & providing feedback to the employee

appraisal

___ is when all information a decision maker needs is fully available

certainty (programmed decisions)

A ___ structure has a wide span, is horizontally dispersed, & has fewer hierarchical levels

flat

The horizontal linkage model is particularly useful when _____ is critical

speed

___ means that decision authority is located near the top of the organization

Centralization

____ describes when managers use their formal power to force employees to change

Coercion

____ means teaching people broader skills that not only are useful in their present jobs but also prepare them for greater responsibilities in future jobs

Development

__ ____ groups are based on social identity, such as gender or race, & are organized within companies to focus on concerns of employees from that group

Employee affinity

___ ____ is when managers & organizations often continue to invest time & money in a solution even when there is strong evidence that it is not appropriate

Escalating commitment

____ is the belief that groups & subcultures are inherently equal

Ethnorelativism

___ involves users & potential resisters in designing the change

Participation

___-___-____ means tying at least part of compensation to employee effort & performance

Pay-for-performance

the matrix approach has ___ lines of authority

dual

In ___-___ pay systems, employees with higher skill levels receive higher pay than those with lower skill levels

skill-based

First and foremost, goals need to be _____

specific & measurable

____ bias occurs when we allow initial impressions, statistics, & estimates to act as anchors to our subsequent thoughts & judgments

Anchoring

___ is the formal & legitimate right of a manager to make decisions, issue orders, & allocate resources to achieve organizationally desired outcomes

Authority

What are Porter's Five Forces?

Buyer power Supplier power Threat of substitute products or services Threat of new entrants competitive intensity

____ occurs when individuals experiment with new behavior & learn new skills to be used in the workplace

Changing (sometimes known as intervention)

The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) created by the __ __ __ of 1964 initiates investigations in response to complaints concerning discrimination

Civil Rights Act

____ means a joint effort between people from two or more departments to produce outcomes that meet a common goal or shared purpose & that are typically greater than what could be achieved working alone

Collaboration

___ & ____ are used when solid information about the change is needed by users & others who may resist implementation

Communication & education

____ refers to all monetary payments & all goods or commodities used in lieu of money to reward employees

Compensation

___ bias is when a manager puts too much value on evidence that is consistent with a favored belief or viewpoint & discounts evidence that contradicts it

Confirmation

which act requires continued health insurance coverage (paid by employee) following termination?

Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (COBRA)

___ ___ production mechanizes the entire workflow

Continuous process

__-____ teams consist of employees from various functional departments who are responsible to meet as a team & resolve mutual problems

Cross-functional

____ refers to using the Internet to let hundreds of thousands of people contribute to the innovation process

Crowdsourcing

____ styles refer to significant differences in the ways in which individual managers may approach problems & make decisions concerning them

Decision

___ is the process that managers use to transfer authority & responsibility to positions below them in the hierarchy

Delegation

_____ is the basis for grouping positions into departments & departments into the total organization

Departmentalization

_____ is the step in which managers analyze underlying causal factors associated with the decision situation

Diagnosis

____ occurs when hiring & promotion decisions are made based on criteria that are not job relevant

Discrimination

___ ___ refers to innovations in products or services that typically start small & end up completely replacing an existing product or service technology for producers & consumers

Disruptive innovation

___ is defined as all the ways in which people differ

Diversity

___ ___ ____ is the degree to which organizational tasks are subdivided into separate jobs

Division of labor

___ ___ ranking is controversial because it ranks employees against each other

Performance review

___ teams are groups of employees who are organized in a way similar to a formal department

Permanent

thinking "let's keep doing this because we always have done it" is an example of what?

Perpetuating the status quo

___ means that an organization accommodates several subcultures

Pluralism

___ is the tendency to view people who are different as being deficient

Prejudice

__-____ refers to the radical redesign of business processes to achieve dramatic improvements in cost, quality, service, & speed

Re-engineering

___ ____ ___ (RJPs) give applicants all pertinent & realistic information about the job & the organization

Realistic job previews

___ is defined as performing activities or practices that define the characteristics of applicants to whom selection procedures are ultimately applied

Recruiting

____ occurs when individuals acquire new attitudes or values & are rewarded for them by the organization

Refreezing

__ ___ is frequent, timely, problem-solving communication carried out through [employee] relationships of shared goals, shared knowledge, & mutual respect (also the very fabric & culture of the organization)

Relational coordination

___ is the duty to perform the task or activity as assigned

Responsibility

___ ____ is the willingness to undertake risk with the opportunity of gaining an increased payoff

Risk propensity

When managers look at current trends, visualize the future, and think about what could be, rather than looking only at history and thinking about what has been, they are most likely using ____ ___

Scenario Building

__ ___ is characterized by intangible output & direct contact with customers

Service technology

____ occurs when a rater places an employee into a class or category based on one or a few traits or characteristics

Stereotyping

____ defines what to do; ____ defines how to do it

Strategy & organizing

___ interviews use a set of standardized questions that are asked of every applicant so comparisons can easily be made

Structured

___ is typically used to refer to teaching people how to perform tasks related to their present jobs

Training

___ & ___ programs represent a planned effort by an organization to facilitate employees' learning of job-related skills & behaviors

Training & development

The ____ style is often adopted by managers who have a deep concern for others as individuals & involves one-on-one discussions

behavioral

The ___ ___ ___ ___ method helps overcome performance evaluation errors

behaviorally anchored rating scale (BARS)

Anastasia started a project three years ago while riding high on the success of several other projects that had earned her a name within the company & accelerated her career path. Using her early successes as free rein to move forward with some risky decisions, she found after three years that her decisions were not paying off. Which of the following biases does Anastasia exhibit in this scenario?

being overconfident

Although salary is an important component, ___ are equally important

benefits

a __ __ has a large share of a market that is growing only slightly, provides the organization with large amounts of cash but Market is not growing significantly, & the cash is used to meet the financial demands of the organization in other areas

cash cow

A job ___ is a summary of the specific tasks, duties, & responsibilities

description

She assigned Steve, the vice president of the company, the task of challenging each & every assumption and assertion made by the group. In the given scenario, Steve played the role of a _____ ____

devils advocate

In the context of the BCG (Boston Consulting Group) matrix, the _____ is a poor performer that has only a small share of a slow-growth market.

dog

job ____ refers to the process of determining the value or worth of jobs within an organization through an examination of job content

evaluation

Managers can use ___ ___ as a valuable HRM tool, regardless of whether the employee leaves voluntarily or is forced out

exit interviews

The bottom-up approach is to the _____ strategy as horizontal coordination mechanisms are to the _____ strategy.

exploration; cooperation

The __ ___ model shows that the research, manufacturing, & sales & marketing departments within an organization simultaneously contribute to new products & technologies

horizontal linkage

An ___ ___ is a mechanism that provides a safe harbor where ideas from employees throughout the company can be developed without interference from company bureaucracy or politics

idea incubator

The ____ stage involves the use of managerial, administrative, & persuasive abilities to ensure that the chosen alternative is carried out

implementation

A major advantage of the Six Thinking Hats technique is that ____

negative views do not overwhelm creativity

Boeing's decision to build the 707 after World War II would be considered a _____

nonprogrammed decision

Change—especially major change such as that associated with disruptive innovation—is __ ___

not easy

The most common type of training is ___-___-___ training (OJT), where an experienced employee is asked to train a new employee

on-the-job

Raj, a lower-level manager at a content writing firm, instructed his subordinate to complete 12 articles by the end of the week. This is most likely an example of a(n) ___ ____

operational goal

Goals that are precise and measurable and carried out by departments, work groups, and individuals are called ___ ___

operational goals

what can help with mergers & acquisitions, organizational decline/revitalization, & conflict management

organization development

A ___ occurs when organizational accomplishment is less than established goals

problem

In a food manufacturing company, the decision to reorder raw materials when inventories drop to a certain level is an example of

programmed decision

___ ___ are made in situations that have occurred often enough to enable decision rules to be developed & applied in the future

programmed decisions

A __ ____ is responsible for coordinating the activities of several departments for the completion of a specific project

project manager

Javier knows that there is an elegant solution, but the time & effort it will take to implement would push back the software release significantly, so he works with his team to come up with a faster, less elegant solution that can be implemented in time for the software to be released on schedule. What type of decision is Javier making?

satisfycing

The ___ principle refers to a clearly defined line of authority in the organization that includes all employees

scalar

__ ___ involves looking at current trends & discontinuities & visualizing future possibilities

scenario building

In the ___ process, employers assess applicants' characteristics in an attempt to determine the "fit" between the job & applicant characteristics

selection

Suits for discriminatory practices can cover a broad range of employee complaints & one issue of growing concern is ___ ___

sexual harassment

A ____ is a separate, small, informal, highly autonomous, & often secretive group that focuses on breakthrough ideas

skunkworks

what are the SMART basic components of an effective goal?

specific, measurable, attainable, relevant (needs to matter), & time (needs a time frame)

A job ___ outlines the knowledge, skills, education, physical abilities, & other characteristics needed to perform the job

specification

Kendra is a finance manager that frequently works with other departments to assist them in making certain payroll is handled correctly & proper forms are used for equipment purchases. In this scenario, Kendra is exhibiting ______ authority

staff

A human resource generalist has the _____ _____ to advise supervisors on how to handle employee disciplinary actions

staff authority

A broad statement of where an organization wants to be in the future and pertains to the organization as a whole, rather than to specific divisions or departments, is referred to as _______ ____

strategic goals

Kia, a top-level manager in a software firm, is allocating the company's resources to meet the organization's long-term goals & defining the organization's activities for the next five years. Kia is most likely contributing to developing the company's ____ __

strategic goals

With a ___-based structure, the entire organization is made up of horizontal teams that coordinate their work & work directly with customers to accomplish the organization's goals

team

The difference among the three manufacturing technologies is __ ___

technical complexity

A ____ change is a change in the organization's production process—how the organization does its work

technology

__ ___ are associated with conflicts over goals & decision alternatives, rapidly changing circumstances, fuzzy information, unclear links among decision elements, & inability to evaluate whether a proposed solution will work

wicked decisions

In the large-group intervention organization development model, information is

widely shared

Promotions from ___ provide people more challenging assignments, prescribe new responsibilities, & help employees grow by expanding & developing their abilities

within

Managers across the globe wrestle with many of the same diversity challenges as U.S. managers, especially concerning the progression of ___ into upper management positions

women