MGMT Study Guide

Transferring employee training to the workplace

A major problem of training programs is

A high focus on adaptability

A mechanistic structure can be characterized by all of the following EXCEPT

Subtitutability

A subunit's ____________________ is the extent to which others inside or outside of the organization can also perform its responsibilities.

contract

A team __________ is a written agreement among team members establishing ground rules about the team's processes, roles, and responsibilities.

Avoidant

A(n) __________ conflict culture strives to preserve order and control and/or to maintain harmony and interpersonal relationships.

1, 9

According to the Leadership Grid, a manager who is not concerned about production but exhibits high concern for people would be a ____ manager on the grid.

control

According to the continuous change process model, in the measurement, evaluation, and ____________________ phase, top management assesses the degree to which the change is having the desired effect.

Interest in the problem

According to the continuum of leadership behavior proposed by Tannenbaum and Schmidt, managerial characteristics include all of the following EXCEPT

large groups do not set many rules or regulations.

All of the following are true of large groups EXCEPT

Transactional leader

Carlos is a leader who has led his company by closely evaluating performance. Carlos can be best described as a(n)

Maintaining ethical leadership.

Strategic leadership includes all of the following EXCEPT

Cohesiveness

Successfully reaching goals often increases the __________ of a group because people are proud to be identified with a winner and to be thought of as competent and successful.

Division of Labor

____________________ of ____________________ refers to the way the organization's work is separated into different jobs to be done by different people.

Noncoercive

As a process, leadership is the use of __________ influence to direct and coordinate the activities of group members toward goal accomplishment.

Escalate

Conflict has a tendency to ________, which occurs when one party involved in a conflict first uses an aggressive tactic or begins using more aggressive tactics than the other party.

substantive

Conflicts of interest can occur over ________ issues, which include time, money, and physical resources.

Specialization

Division of Labor is also referred to as

low, increases

Effective project teams tend to have _______ levels of relationship conflict that ______ toward the end of the project.

Leadership neutralizer.

Gary was a relatively new and inexperienced leader assigned to an experienced work group with long-standing performance norms and strong group cohesiveness. The norms and cohesiveness of the group were so strong that nothing Gary did to change things had much effect. This situation is known as a(n)

Unit production

Halo runs a tattoo parlor. Customers who place orders have unique words or images inked permanently into their skin. This is an example of

The decision may be based on personal compatibility and subordinate competence.

How does a supervisor initiate in-group or out-group relationships with subordinates?

Culture, no matter how good the strategy is

If a business strategy and corporate culture are pulling in two different directions, the __________ will win __________.

Unfreezing

In Lewin's Process Model of change, the process by which people become aware of the need for change is called

Decentralization

In Tom's company, employees are given an opportunity to participate in decision-making related to policy development, which is known as

Regional headquarters structure

In a ____________, a headquarters is established in major geographical areas that works collaboratively with the product divisions to give the local units clearer operational goals and directions.

Liaison role

In which integrating mechanism is a manager or team member held formally accountable for communicating and coordinating with other groups?

Motivation and productivity

In which stage of group development do members develop norms of behavior?

Ruby gets more support from Jenelle than Jenelle's other subordinates do

Jenelle is Ruby's supervisor. Ruby often knows things Jenelle's other subordinates don't, and she gets the lion's share of special, more autonomous duties. According to the LMX model, which of the following is also likely to be true?

No, because once a culture is changed, it tends to stick

Johnny thinks that changing an organization's culture is like losing weight: It's difficult and it can be done, but the effect is usually temporary. Is Johnny correct?

Greater, more

Large organizations tend to have a _________ hierarchy and _________ specialization than small organizations.

More, more

Larger organizations tend to have ________ specialization and departmentalization and ______ rules than do smaller firms.

Both a process and a property.

Leadership is

Position

Legitimate, reward, and coercive power all contribute to __________ power.

Magnified

Making resources more scarce causes power differences across subunits to become

Taking advantage of the culture that is already there

Organization culture can be managed by

Artifacts

Origin stories, ceremonies, rituals, and dress codes are all examples of

Expectancy

Path-goal theory has its roots in the ____ theory of motivation.

Leader must get job assignments approved by someone else.

Position power is considered to be low when the

diversity

Research has supported the idea that pro-__________ cultures are related to lower turnover among blacks, whites, and Hispanics.

Values conflict

Some employees feel that an organization should be focused on profits while others believe it should focus on doing the maximum good for the maximum number of people. What type of conflict is occurring here?

The way inputs are transformed into outputs

Technological change focuses on

job, employee

The University of Michigan studies identified the __________-centered and __________-centered forms of leader behavior.

shotgun

The _________ upward influence style, which uses the most influence and emphasizes assertiveness and bargaining, is associated with the highest levels of job tension and personal stress.

radical

The airplane is an example of a __________ innovation.

Profit motives

The changes that are occurring in organizations include all of the following EXCEPT

Enacted

__________ values and norms are the values and norms that employees exhibit based on their observations of what actually goes on in the organization.

More administrative levels

When there is a small span of control, there is likely to be

Charisma

___________ is a form of interpersonal attraction that inspires support and acceptance.

Transactional

___________ leadership is most similar to management.

Community of practice

_________ structure refers to smaller organizations with low standardization, total centralization, and mostly one-on-one communication.

Prebureaucratic

_________ structure refers to smaller organizations with low standardization, total centralization, and mostly one-on-one communication.

Incremental

__________ innovation continues the technical improvement and extends the applications of other innovations.

Referent

__________ power exists when subordinates behave as the manager does and wants because they seek his or her approval.

Determine what behaviors were associated with effective leadership.

The goal of the behavioral approach to the study of leadership was to

stresses the importance of variable relationships between supervisors and their subordinates.

The leader-member exchange model (LMX)

Resists change

The positivity or negativity of a culture reflects the degree to which the culture

Selection of task redesigns as a potential intervention

The second step in the integrative framework for the implementation of task redesign is

Resists change

The strength or weakness of a culture reflects the degree to which the culture

Coercive

The threat to transfer someone to a branch office in an undesirable location can be interpreted as a form of ___________ power.

team performance and top management support

The two essential issues that must not be overlooked when implementing teams are

Subordinate participation in decision making

Vroom's decision tree approach to leadership focuses on which aspect of leader behavior?

Teams make sense for that organization

What is the best reason to create teams in an organization?

A leader behaves in the same way that he or she wants subordinates to behave.

What is the reasoning behind role modeling?

The dialectical method

Which method is being used when multiple groups discuss issues separately and then discuss them together to better synthesize different viewpoints into a common framework?

Being told that they are empowered

Which of the following is NOT a source of empowerment for employees?

Automating an assembly line to increase production

Which of the following is NOT considered an example of organization development?

Threatened power

Which of the following organizational sources of resistance occurs when decision-making authority is redistributed?

Incremental

Which of the following types of innovation is the most common?

Controlling decision parameters

Which political tactic entails trying to influence decisions before they are made?

Self-monitoring

Which term refers to having a high concern with others' perceptions and adjusting one's behavior to fit the situation?

Referent and expert

Which two types of power are always appropriate, but not always effective?

Regional Headquarters Structure

Which type of multinational organizational structure is best when a balance of global integration and local responsiveness is needed?

Distributive negotiation

Which type of negotiation occurs when any gain to one party is offset by an equivalent loss to the other?

Bureaucratic structure

Which type of organizational structure places a greater importance on employees higher in the structure, as reflected by centralized decision making and a strict chain of command?

Referent

Which type of power does NOT rely on external motivation and obligatory compliance?

Continuous production

Which type of production requires low levels of supervision because machines do most of the work?

Most past leadership research involved only white males.

Why might some leadership theories be less applicable in today's diverse workforce?

Coercive

____ power exists when a person has the ability to punish or harm someone else.

Negotiation

________ is a process in which two or more parties make offers, counteroffers, and concessions in order to reach an agreement.

Organic

_________ organizations are flexible and decentralized, have open communication channels, and focus on adaptability in helping employees accomplish their goals.