MGMT test 3

What type of business environment is a mechanistic organization best suited to?

-Better suited for more stable environments.

How does reengineering change task interdependence?

-Changes work by changing task interdependence.

What organizational design techniques are best suited to mechanistic organizations?

-Departmentalization, authority, and job design.

What organizational design techniques are best suited to organic organizations?

-Dynamic

What do organic organizations focus on?

-Focuses on intraorganizational process.

What is a staff function?

-Supports line activities.

Geographic Departmentalization:

-organizing work and workers into separate units responsible for doing business in particular geographic areas. *Advantages*: helps companies respond to different markets, reduces costs by locating unique resources closer to customers. *Disadvantages:* duplication of resources, difficult to coordinate departments.

Empowerment:

motivational feeling making workers feel competent and capable of self-determination. Leads to changes in the organizational process.

What three transfers occur with delegation of authority?

*3 Transfers:* -Transfer of full responisbility for the assignment to the subordinate. -Transfer of full authority over budgets, resources, and personnel. -Transfer of accountability.

What does unity of command refer to?

-A management priniciple that workers should report to just one boss.

What is an intraorganizational process?

-Activites within an organization that transform inuts into outputs valued by customers.

What is delegation of authority?

-Assignment of authority and responsibility to a subordinate to complete manager's tasks.

What are the characteristics of organic organizations? What type of business environment is a organic organization best suited to?

-Characterized by broadly defined jobs and responsibilities. Loosely defined, frequently changing roles; and decentralized authority and horizontal communication based on task knowledge. -Better suited to more dynamic environements.

What is an organizational process?

-Collection of activities that transform inputs into outputs values by customers.

What is a line function?

-Contributes in creating or selling the company's products.

What do mechanistic organizations focus on?

-Focuses on organizational structure

What is reengineering?

-Fundamental rethinking and radical design of business proceses to achieve dramatic improvements in critical measurments of performance, such as cost, quality, service, and speed.What is task interdependence? /-Level of collective action required to complete a piece of work.

What is job specialization?

-Job comprimises a smaller part of a larger task; easy to learn; low variety; high repetition; efficient and economical for organization but boring, repetitive and uninspiring for employee.

What are the three methods companies take capture the benefit of job specialization while minimizing employee dissatisfaction?

-Job rotation: periodically moving workers from one specialized job to another to give them more variety and the opportunity to use different skills. -job enlargement: increasing the number of different tasks that a worker performs within one particular job.-job enrichment: increasing the number of tasks in a particular job and giving workers the authortity and control to make meaningful decisions about their work.

What is decentratilization? What are the advantages of decentralizaiton??

-Location of a significant authority in the lower levels of the firm. -Workers closest to the problem authorized to make decisions to solve problems on their own. -Leads to faster decision making and more satisfied customers and employees.

What is centralization of authority?

-Location of maximum authority at the upper levels of the firm.

What form of departmentalization does not adhere to unity of command?

-Matrix organizations, in which employees have two bosses, automatically violate this principle.

What are the main components of the Job Characteristics Model?

-Redesign jobs -> using core job characteristics -> that result in critical psychological states -> that result in high internal work motivation (central concern).

What is standarization?

-Solving problems by appyling similar rules, procedures, and processes.

What is the primary reason companies create and use specialized job?

-Specialized jobs are very economical.

When and how does an ogranzation decide whethe to centralize or decentralize?

-Stay centralized where standardization is important and decentralize where standardization is unimportant.

What is departmentalization?

-Subdividing work and workers into separate organizational units responsible for completing particular tasks.

What is organizational authority?

-The right to give commands, take action, and make decisions to achieve organizational objectives.

What is the chain of command in an organizaiton?

-The vertical line of authority that clarifies who reports to whom throughout the organization.

What is organizational structure?

-Vertical and horizontal configuration of departments, authority, and jobs within a company.

Matrix Departmentalization:

-a hybrid organizational structure in which two or more forms of departmentalization, most often product and functional, are used together. *Advantages:* allows companies to efficiently manage large complex tasks, gives much more diverse set of expertise and experience. *Disadvantages:* high level of duplication, confusion and conflict between project bosses, requires much more management skill.

Functional Departmentalization:

-organizing work and workers into separate units responsible for particular business functions or areas of expertise. *Advantages:* allows work done by highly qualifies specialists, lowers costs by reducing duplication, makes communication and coordination easier. *Disadvantages:* cross-department coordination can be difficult, may lead to slower decision making.

Customer Departmentalization:

-organizing work and workers into separate units responsible for particular kinds of customers. *Advantages:* focuses organization on customer needs, allows companies to specialize products and services to customer needs. *Disadvantages:* duplication of resources, workers might please customers but hurt business.

Product Departmentalization:

-organizing work and workers into separate units responsible for producing particular products or services. *Advantages:* allows people to specialize in one area of expertise, makes it easier to assess performance, makes decision making faster. *Disadvantages:* duplication, coordination across different product departments.

What are the characteristics of mechanistic organizations?

Characterized by specialized jobs and responsibilities. Precisely defined, unchanging rols; and a rigid chain of command based on centralized authority and vertical communication.

How does empowering workers redesign intraorganizational processes?

Giving decision-making authority and responisbility to workers by providing resources needed to take effective decisions.

Staff authority:

right to advise others who are not subordinates in the chain of command.

Line authority:

right to command immediate subcordinates in the chain of command.

Reciprocal interdependence:

work completed by different jobs, or groups working together in a back and forth manner.

Pooled interdependence:

work completed by having each job or department independently contribute to the whole.

Sequential interdependence:

work completed in succession, with one group's or jobs outputs becoming the inputs for the next group or job.