MGs 3520- chapter 7-

A company that builds stakeholder coalitions to influence government is using which strategy? (chap 8)

Constituency-building.

A corporate political strategy does not: (chap 8)

Determine the legal limits allowed for campaign financing.

The commitments of the Convention on Biological Diversity include: (chap 9)

Developing national conservation strategies.

Total social regulation costs are: (chap 7)

Significantly higher than total economic regulation costs.

Reregulation is: (chap 7)

The increase or expansion of government regulation.

Those who oppose business involvement with politics argue that managers do not have enough expertise to participate. (chap 8)

True

When the market fails to adjust for the full costs of a firm's behavior, this is called: (chap 7)

market failure

A Super PAC is a financial-incentive political strategy tool. (chap 8)

true

Cost-benefit analysis is often used to determine the costs of regulation. (chap 7)

true

Expert witnesses provide testimony to legislators for businesses or business groups. (chap 8)

true

In non-democratic countries, the power of government may derive from a monarchy, military dictatorship, or religious authority. (chap 7)

true

Firms in the chemical industry, which must contend with frequently changing environmental regulations and the risk of dangerous accidents, usually have: (chap 8)

A sophisticated political strategy.

The antitrust enforcement agencies in the United States have the legal authority to: (chap 7)

Block anticompetitive mergers in the U.S.

An example of codes of environmental conduct that have been developed by and for specific industries include: (chap 9)

Both of these answers are correct: The Equator Principles; and The Forest Stewardship Principles.

When companies develop a reputation for environmental excellence, and they produce and deliver products and services designed to attract environmentally aware customers, this is called: (chap 10)

Brand differentiation.

An organization that produces net zero emissions of greenhouse gases is achieving: (chap 9)

Carbon neutrality.

Deregulation has occurred in the following industries: (chap 7)

Commercial airlines, railroads, and financial institutions.

Which political action strategy seeks to gain support from other affected organizations to better influence policymakers? (chap 8)

Constituency-building strategy.

In a survey of 105 companies in 2017, the most frequent public affairs tactic was related to: (chap 8)

Federal government relations.

Patterns of government taxing and spending that are intended to stimulate or support the economy are: (chap 7)

Fiscal policies.

Participants in the Montreal Protocol agreed that by 2030 they would phase out: (chap 9)

HCFCs.

Expert witness testimony is often collected: (chap 8)

In Congressional hearings.

Public policy tools involve a combination of: (chap 7)

Incentives and penaltie

The annual EPA report Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) is an example of which environmental policy type? (chap 10)

Information disclosure.

Arable land is accurately described by which statement? (chap 9)

It is a renewable resource.

The process of firms buying and selling the right to pollute is an example of which type of environmental regulation? (chap 10)

Market-based.

Sustainable development through technology cooperation is best illustrated by: (chap 9)

Microsoft provided the Jane Goodall Institute with animal tracking tools.

A firm in the pollution prevention stage of the corporate environmental responsibility model is best described by which statement? (chap 10)

Minimizing or eliminating waste before it is created.

Policies that affect the supply, demand, and value of a nation's currency are: (chap 7)

Monetary policies.

An example of an economic regulatory agency is: (chap 7)

National Labor Relations Board.

Which of these activities is not considered to be a marine ecosystem threat? (chap 9)

Ocean alkalinity.

Which of the following statements is not true about the population? (chap 9)

Over the next century, population growth is expected to be greatest in developed nations.

To help control political favoritism, there have been global efforts to: (chap 8)

Promote fairness in the electoral process.

Which of these factors has accelerated the current ecological crisis? (chap 9)

Rapid industrialization.

The most successful global businesses in coming years will be those companies that: (chap 9)

Recognize the imperative for sustainable development as an opportunity both for competitive advantage and ethical action.

In Japan's pluralistic public policy process, who are the major participants? (chap 8)

Representatives of big business, agriculture, and labor.

Rapid economic development is often accompanied by: (chap 9)

Rising incomes, bringing higher rates of both consumption and waste.

Natural capital refers to the world's: (chap 9)

Supply of geology, soil, air, water, and all living things.

An example of a global regulation that mitigates the impact of jet fuel on the environment is: (chap 7)

The Aviation Plan

European Union regulators accused Uber of engaging in: (chap 7)

Unfair competition

An example of industrial ecology in practice is: (chap 9)

Using wastes from one process as raw materials for another process.

By promoting the use of clean cookstoves in developing nations, a global alliance hopes to reduce: (chap 9)

black carbon

Studies have shown that green marketing has been most successful at what level? (chap 10)

brand

A shared resource, such as land, air, or water, that a group of people uses collectively is a(n): (chap 9)

commons

Biodiversity refers to the number and variety of species that have become extinct. (chap 9)

false

Businesses believe they should avoid politics because the economic stakes are too high. (chap 8)

false

Businesses must wait for a public issue to arise before forming a political strategy. (chap 8)

false

Current sustainability managers believe that the most important determinant of their success is their subject-matter expertise. (chap 10)

false

Rain forest destruction is controversial because these environments are more valuable cut down than standing. (chap 9)

false

Stakeholder groups typically use far different tactics than businesses to influence government officials, elections, and regulation. (chap 8)

false

Hiring former government officials for positions in the corporate world is: (chap 8)

normally legal.

A cooperative government-business relationship on one issue does not guarantee cooperation on another issue. (chap 7)

true

According to the textbook, most public affairs departments are managed by someone in a vice president position. (chap 8)

true

Businesses that are frequent targets of public debate are more likely to develop a long-term political strategy. (chap 8)

true

Deforestation—cutting down and not replacing trees—contributes to global warming. (chap 9)

true

Economic regulations aim at modifying the normal operations of the free market and the forces of supply and demand. (chap 7)

true

Monetary policies refer to policies that affect the supply, demand, and value of the nation's currency. (chap 7)

true

The typical public affairs executive spends most of the day: (chap 8)

All of these answers are correct. - Coalition building. - Fund raising. - Direct lobbying.

To influence government policymakers' actions, an information strategy involves: (chap 8)

Business leaders speaking before government policymakers.

Which pattern of consumption is recommended to reduce humanity's global footprint? (chap 9)

Choosing less harmful products.

Since 2008, the total amount spent on lobbying activity has: (chap 8)

Decreased slightly.

With respect to fresh water, according to one estimate, if it were possible to eliminate pollution, capture all available fresh water, and distribute fresh water equitably: (chap 9)

Demand would exceed supply within a hundred years.

The amount of land and water a human population needs to produce the resources it consumes and to absorb its wastes given prevailing technology is called: (chap 9)

Ecological footprint.

Governments being asked to regulate driving distractions are examples of a public policy: (chap 7)

input

A thin layer of gas that protects the Earth from excessive ultraviolet radiation from the sun is: (chap 9)

ozone

Which of the following statements is not true with respect to acid rain? (chap 10)

Acid rain occurs when carbon dioxide combines with water vapor in the atmosphere.

When managers become personally involved in developing public policy, the firm is at what level of business political involvement? (chap 8)

Aggressive organizational involvement.

Public policies and government regulations are shaped by: (chap 8)

All of these answers are correct. - Government. -Special interest groups. -Business.

Companies that cultivate a vision of sustainability must adopt sophisticated strategic planning techniques to: (chap 10)

Allow their top manager to assess the full range of the firm's effects on the environment.

Government's role is to create and enforce laws that: (chap 7)

Balance the relationship between business and society.

Sustainable development: (chap 9)

Balances economic and environmental considerations.

Managers' understanding of government regulations is: (chap 7)

Both a domestic and international issue.

Proponents of business as a political participant argue: (chap 8)

Both of these answers are correct: - A pluralistic system invites many participants - business is a vital stakeholder of government.

The core idea(s) of sustainable development is (are): (chap 9)

Both of these answers are correct: Economic development must be accomplished sustainably; and poverty is an underlying cause of environmental degradation.

The Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA) is accurately described by which statement(s)? (chap 10)

Both of these answers are correct: It established a fund supported primarily by a tax on the petroleum and chemical companies; and the funds collected are used to clean up sites where the original polluter cannot be identified.

Which of the following represents a structural remedy for an antitrust violation? (chap 7)

Breaking up a monopoly.

Being able to continue their activities indefinitely, without altering the carrying capacity of the Earth's ecosystem, is a characteristic of: (chap 10)

Ecologically sustainable organizations.

The idea that companies have a continuing responsibility for the environmental impact of their products or services, even after they are sold, is called: (chap 9)

Extended product responsibility.

Advocacy ads are also called: (chap 8)

Issue advertisements.

Which of the following is not true about water pollution? (chap 10)

It can be caused by biodegradable products.

The information strategy tool most used by business is: (chap 8)

Lobbying.

Ecologically sustainable organizations are accurately explained by which of these descriptions? (chap 10)

Making and transporting products using minimal energy.

Which stage of corporate environmental responsibility focuses on the full life cycle of a product? (chap 10)

Product stewardship stage.

Every environmental regulation must be initially evaluated for its costs and benefits in a process called: (chap 10)

Regulatory impact analysis.

When a firm solicits its stockholders for political contributions for a particular candidate by letter and then sends those contributions to the candidate on behalf of its stockholders, it is called: (chap 8)

bundling

A national health care policy is an example of an economic policy. (chap 7)

false

Environmental regulations stimulate some sectors of the economy by: (chap 10)

All of these answers are correct. - Creating jobs in industries like environmental consulting, asbestos abatement, and instrument manufacturing. - Compelling businesses to become more efficient by conserving energy. - Saving jobs in industries like fishing and tourism when natural areas are protected or restored.

Businesses promote an information strategy by inviting government leaders to: (chap 8)

All of these answers are correct. - Give speeches to employees. - Visit local plant facilities. - Attend company award ceremonies.

Supporters of advocacy advertisements believe that they: (chap 8)

Both of these answers are correct: Identify a company as an interested and active stakeholder; and can help mold public opinion on a particular policy issue.

By raising and lowering the interest rates at which private banks borrow money from the government, the Federal Reserve Bank: (chap 7)

Both of these answers are correct: Influences the size of the nation's money supply; and influences the value of the dollar.

Past decisions of the courts, the original basis for the U.S. legal system, are called: (chap 7)

Common laws.

Environmental regulations, such as energy conservation, depress the economy. (chap 10)

false

In Europe, unions are prohibited by law to be on businesses' administrative boards. (chap 7)

false

Land, even when properly cared for, is not a renewable resource. (chap 9)

false

Offshore wind turbines, genetic engineering, and energy-efficient homes are examples of smart consumption. (chap 9)

false

Public policy is a plan of action undertaken by business to influence the government. (chap 7)

false

When a manager directly employs a lobbyist to represent the company's political strategy, in Washington this is called aggressive organizational involvement in politics. (chap 8)

false

Determine the legal limits allowed for campaign financing. (chap 8)

true

Under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976, the government regulates hazardous waste from "cradle to grave." (chap 10)

true

Plants and animals living as a natural unified system are called an ecosystem. (chap 9)

true

Predatory pricing is a violation of antitrust laws. (chap 7)

true

Regulatory activity is often cyclical. (chap 7)

true

Sometimes businesspeople leave the private sector to take employment in government before returning to the corporate world. (chap 8)

true

Sometimes national leaders resist the notion of international regulation, seeking to control matters of commerce themselves within their own countries. (chap 7)

true

The Clean Air Act of 1990 incorporated the concept of tradable allowances as a key part of its approach to pollution reduction. (chap 10)

true

The emergence of public issues often encourages companies to monitor public concerns, respond to government proposals, and participate in the political process. (chap 8)

true

The first United States federal laws to protect the environment involved protecting navigable waterways. (chap 10)

true

The leading contributor to global warming is the burning of fossil fuels, which releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. (chap 9)

true

The world's natural resource base—the air, water, soil, minerals, and so forth—is essentially finite, or bounded. (chap 9)

true

The United Nations oversees all international agreements concerning regulations between nations. (chap 7)

false

In the United States, the federal government regulates which of the following major areas of environmental protection? (chap 10)

All of these answers are correct. - Air pollution. - Solid and hazardous waste. - Water pollution

New improved mining equipment that was found to increase cases of black lung disease because it generated higher levels of dust in the mines is an example of negative externalities. (chap 7)

true

Regulation cannot be applied to international business behavior. (chap 7)

false