MGT 300 - Ch.2
Which two management perspectives typically consider an organization to be a closed system? Check all that apply.
Management science perspective Classical management viewpoint
According to the systems viewpoint, what are three types of inputs?
Money Equipment People
_____ management focuses on managing the production and delivery of an organization's products or services more effectively.
Operations
What are the two branches of quantitative management?
Operations management Management science
What four disciplines are included in the behavioral science approach to management? (Choose all that apply.)
Sociology Anthropology Psychology Economics
Inputs, transformational processes, outputs, and feedback are the four parts of a(n) _____.
system
Complexity theory is an offshoot of the _____ viewpoint because it is the study of how multiple chaotic processes arise into pattern and order.
systems
The ______ viewpoint regards the organization as arrangements of interrelated parts that operate together to achieve a common purpose.
systems
Which of the following are true of a learning organization? (Select all that apply.)
It is able to modify its behavior to reflect new knowledge. It actively creates, acquires, and transfers knowledge within itself.
Systems that have continual interaction with their environment are known as _____ systems.
open
According to Gary Hamel, management should be viewed as a(n) _____ to which ongoing improvements and innovation can be made systematically.
process
Complexity theory:
recognizes that all complex systems are networks of many interdependent parts that interact according to certain simple rules is the study of how order and pattern arise from complicated, chaotic systems is used in strategic management and organizational studies seeks to understand how organizations adapt to their environments
Select all of the positive features of bureaucracy according to Max Weber.
specialists for complex tasks impersonality clear hierarchy formal rules and procedures merit-based careers
What are the three viewpoints of the contemporary perspective of management?
systems contingency quality-management
Issues with the classical viewpoint include that it: (select all that apply)
views humans as cogs in a machine is overly mechanistic fails to account for the importance of human needs
Maslow's hierarchy of needs resulted from the study of ______.
what motivates people to perform
A _______ organization actively creates, acquires, and transfers knowledge within itself and is able to modify its behavior to reflect new knowledge.
learning
Based on a systems viewpoint, the health science, finance, and journalism departments of a university are examples of ______.
subsystems
Within the systems viewpoint, what four things are considered parts of a system?
Inputs Transformational processes Feedback Outputs
According to the Hawthorne effect hypothesized by Mayo and colleagues, employees worked harder if they:
received added attention believed supervisors paid special attention to them thought managers cared about their welfare
The ability of a product or service to meet customer needs refers to _____.
quality
Which of these are aspects of W. Edwards Deming's beliefs about quality management?
quality comes from a steady focus on a firm's mission along with statistical measurement and reduction of variations in production processes. managers should stress teamwork and be helpful rather than simply give orders. managers should make employees feel comfortable about asking questions.
The strategy for minimizing errors at each stage of production is called _____.
quality control
Evidence-based management focuses on bringing _____ to the decision process.
rationality
The various parts that make up a complete system are commonly known as
subsystems
According to the systems perspective, transformational processes are responsible for turning
inputs into outputs.
In order to build a _____ organization, managers must build a commitment to learning, work to generate ideas with impact, and work to generalize ideas with impact.
learning
Management science is sometimes known as _____.
operations research
In terms of the systems viewpoint, profits and losses are types of _______.
outputs
Management science perspective Classical management viewpoint
outputs
By adopting the systems viewpoint, you can visualize your organization as a: (select all that apply)
part of the larger environment collection of subsystems
A company would rely on ISO 9000 to _____.
reduce manufacturing flaws
When Joseph Juran referred to the idea of "fitness for use," he was considering how a product would ______.
satisfy a customer's real needs
Theory Y managers view workers as: (select all that apply)
self-directed accepting of responsibility imaginative and creative
The Six Sigma approach relies on _____ to help improve manufacturing processes.
statistical analysis
According to the systems viewpoint, the part of a system that involves turning raw materials and knowledge into a new and different product or service is called _____.
transformational processes
Which of the following are components of total quality management (TQM)? (Select all that apply.)
Use accurate standards to identify and eliminate problems. Involve every employee. Emphasize continuous improvement. Use customer and employee feedback.
Which approach to management relies upon research in psychology, sociology, anthropology, and economics in order to develop theories about human behavior that can be used to provide practical tools for managers?
behavioral science
A characteristic of a(n) _____ system is that it receives very little feedback from outside sources.
closed
Which of the following are the key functions/roles managers must perform in order to create learning organizations?
work to generate ideas with impact work to generalize ideas with impact build a commitment to learning
Mary Parker Follett's ideas anticipated which modern management concepts?
worker empowerment self-managed teams interdepartmental teams
What are the types of outputs according to the systems viewpoint? (Check all that apply.)
Employee satisfaction Finished products
The quality-management viewpoint includes which concepts? (select all that apply)
Quality control Total quality management Quality assurance
Maslow's hierarchy of human needs proposes that people are motivated by which of the following needs? (Select all that apply.)
Self-actualization Love Physiological Esteem Safety
_____ management stresses continuous improvement, employee involvement, learning from customers and employees, and accurate standards for identifying and eliminating problems.
Total quality
Management science is important because it
advocates for the use of rational, science-based techniques and mathematical models to improve decision making and strategic planning.
Two ways for a company to guarantee the quality of a product are quality control and quality ___________.
assurance
Within the quality management viewpoint, quality _______ focuses on the performance of workers and urges employees to strive for "zero defects" in the production of goods and services.
assurance
The _____ perspective on management consists of the systems, contingency, and quality-management viewpoints.
contemporary
Which of these are Taylor's principles of scientific management?
use scientific principles to plan the work methods and ease the way for their workers to do their jobs rely on known "rule-of-thumb" methods to accomplish a task carefully select workers with the right abilities for the task evaluate a task by scientifically studying each part of it
Which statement regarding a closed system is accurate?
It has little interaction with its environment.
An open system fosters the idea that two or more forces combined create an effect that is greater than the sum of their individual effects. This is known as _____.
Synergy
A set of interrelated parts that operate together to achieve a common purpose is called a(n) _____.
System
McGregor developed Theory X and Theory Y based on the realization that managers should _____.
be aware of their attitudes toward employees
Which management viewpoint asks the question, "What method is the best to use under these particular circumstances?"
contigency
According to the ___ viewpoint, a management problem should be handled according to the individual and the environmental situation.
contingency
The ______ viewpoint emphasizes
infusing concepts of quality throughout the whole organization in a way that will deliver quality products and services to customers.
James has a small bakery specializing in gourmet brownies. Based on the systems viewpoint, the flour, sugar, yeast, and eggs he uses in baking would be considered _______, whereas the decorated brownies he sells to customers would be considered _______.
inputs; outputs
Select all of the true statements regarding Gary Hamel's thoughts on management:
management innovation is essential to future organizational success we must look at management as a process, and then make improvements and innovation ongoing and systematic much of management theory is dated and doesn't fit the current realities of organizational life
Operations management focuses on _____.
managing the production and delivery of an organization's products or services more effectively
Management science focuses on the use of _______ to aid in problem-solving and decision-making.
mathematics
The goal of quality assurance is _____.
no defects
Quality control and quality assurance are two strategies a company can use to ensure _____.
quality
Quality control, quality assurance, and total quality management are all part of the _____ management viewpoint.
quality
The application of quantitative techniques, such as statistics and computer simulations, to management is called _____ management.
quantitative
Which of the following statements are accurate regarding the importance of learning about a company's mission and vision statements before a job interview? (select all that apply)
these statements tell you what the company wants to achieve over time these statements tell you why the company exists you will be a better fit for a company if you support their mission and vision statements
If you believe your employees are capable of taking on responsibility with sufficient self-direction and self-control, you are a Theory ___ manager.
Y
Operations management: (select all that apply)
governs managers' decisions about how to increase productivity and efficiency plays an important role in managing the supply chain assists managers with decisions regarding how to achieve the highest quality goods and services
__ are the people, money, information, equipment, and materials required to produce an organization's goods or services.
inputs
A system is a set of _____ parts that operate together to achieve a common purpose.
interrelated
Quality control
is the strategy for minimizing errors by managing each stage of production
Theory X managers view workers as
lacking ambition
____ management encourages managers to make facts and logic the foundation of their approach to decision-making.
Evidence-based
Theory X and Theory Y focus on managers'
attitudes
Which of the following questions should you research in order to better understand a company before a job interview?
Who are the key players touted on the company's website? What do clients mention in their reviews of the company and its products/services? What are the company's mission and vision statements and do I support them? What does the company seem to value most, and how does it treat its employees? When was the company founded and how has it evolved over the years?
A supervisor who considers employees to be irresponsible and resistant to change would be characterized as a Theory _______ manager.
X
The original focus of the Hawthorne studies was the ______.
effects of lighting levels on worker productivity
Cheyenne has a small bakery specializing in gourmet cupcakes. In response to customer demand, she has added gluten-free cupcakes to her menu. This customer demand would be characterized as _____.
feedback
In terms of the systems viewpoint, _______ is information about the reaction of the environment to the outputs that affects the inputs.
feedback
Tyrone is reviewing customer response forms and learns that while some people like the company's new outerwear designs, the majority of customers do not. Which part of a system is Tyrone using to get his information?
feedback