MGT 300 Exam 1 review

Which of the following occurs most likely due to confirmation bias?

A manager believes his actions are correct and ignores evidence that proves that his actions are incorrect

Which of the following acronyms represents the "Big Five" personality dimensions?

CANOE

Lawrence stole a clock from his workplace. Which of the following refers to Lawrence's activity?

Counterproductive work behavior (CWB)

Which of the following statements is true about emotions in the workplace?

Emotions are directed toward someone or something

Which of the following theories of motivation is based on the idea that work effort is directed toward behaviors that people believe will lead to desired outcomes?

Expectancy theory

Which of the follow reflects the difference between emotions and attitudes?

Experiencing something versus judging something

Maslow's needs hierarchy theory states that people are motivated by only one need at a time.

False

organizations are defined as groups of people who work interdependently toward some purpose.

From an organizational behavior perspective, organizations are defined as groups of people who work interdependently toward some purpose.

Which of these statements represents the feelings dimension of attitudes?

I don't like how my boss treats his employees

Which of the following statements is true about organizational behavior?

It encompasses the study of how organizations interact with their external environments

Which of the following statements was NOT considered by the needs hierarchy theory?

Needs are strongly influenced by each individual's self-concept

Organizational behavior knowledge:

Organizational behavior (OB) helps us make sense of and predict the world in which we live. We use OB theories to question our personal beliefs and assumptions and to adopt more accurate models of workplace behavior.

Which of the following is a major criticism of Maslow's needs hierarchy theory?

People do not progress through the hierarchy as the theory predicts

Which of the following statements about the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) is true?

Research suggests that it is more useful in improving self-awareness for career development than for selecting job applicants

Which of the following typically results in a loss of intellectual capital in an organization?

The organization sells one of its divisions, and its employees now work for another organization

Which of the following is an effect of emotions?

They put us into a state of readiness

Which of the following is a example of selective attention

You notice that two employees are arguing loudly in a company's library.

valaues

are relatively stable, evaluative beliefs that guide our preferences for outcomes or courses of action in a variety of situations.

After working for weeks on a difficult proposal for a client, Kevin learns that the client has accepted the proposal and will award the contract to Kevin's firm. When Kevin hears this from his boss, he yelps "Yahoo!" and automatically thrusts his fisted hand in the air.The acceptance of Kevin's proposal would be considered his:

attitude object

The _____ process involves perceiving whether an observed behavior or event is caused mainly by characteristics of a person or by the environment.

attribution

Electronika International is a fast-growing small company specializing in consumer electronics. Managers at Electronika International are exploring the idea of using the "Big Five" personality dimensions in hiring and improving work-related behaviors and job performance. When hiring new employees, e-commerce managers should look for people who have a high level of _____, which is the most valuable "Big Five" personality dimension for predicting job performance.

conscientiousness

Customer service representatives (CSRs) often conceal their frustration when serving an irritating customer. This behavior from the CSRs is an example of:

emotional labor

A typical employee is highly engaged with his or her organization.

false

According to the halo effect, a supervisor's initial expectations influence your behavior so that you are more likely to act consistently with those expectations in consequent encounters.

false

Emotional labor refers to any physical work that makes employees feel angry that they must perform this kind of work.

false

Employees experience less stress from emotional labor when they practice surface acting rather than deep acting

false

Motivation is an external force on a person that causes him or her to engage in specific behaviors.

false

Persistence is the amount of effort allocated to a goal

false

Today, many organizational behavior experts agree that the best indicator of a company's effectiveness is how well it achieves its stated objectives.

false

The distributive justice principle of ethical decision making advocates that benefits should be distributed among people irrespective of their abilities and similarities.

false`

Self-efficacy refers to the extent to which people like, respect, and are satisfied with themselves.

falsw

The perspective that effective organizations incorporate several workplace practices that leverage the potential of human capital is called:

high-performance work practices (HPWPs)

knowledge aquisition

includes extracting information and ideas from the external environment as well as through insight. One knowledge acquisition strategy is environmental scanning, such as actively monitoring customer trends and competitor activities.

Eastern University performs a daily computer search through newspaper articles to identify any articles about the university or its faculty members. University administrators use this information to receive feedback about how the public reacts to university activities. In the context of organizational learning processes, searching for newspaper articles and other external writing about the organization is mainly a form of:

knowledge acquisition

Paula is dissatisfied with her boss for not supporting her work or recognizing her job performance. In spite of these problems, Paula does not complain and does not intend to move elsewhere. Instead, she maintains her level of work effort and hopes the company will eventually correct these problems. According to the exit-voice-loyalty-neglect (EVLN) model, Paula's response is:

loyalty

If Jill wants to increase P-to-O expectancies, she should ______.

measure job performance accurately.

Electronika International is a fast-growing small company specializing in consumer electronics. Managers at Electronika International are exploring the idea of using the "Big Five" personality dimensions in hiring and improving work-related behaviors and job performance. Electronika managers must pay attention to _____ personality dimension when hiring new employees because it characterizes people with high levels of anxiety, hostility, depression, and self-consciousness.

neuroticism

Organizational behavior views organizations as

open systems

Mental models cause us to:

party rely on perceptual group to make sense of things

Which of the following refers to the process of receiving information about and making sense of the world around us?

perception

open systems

perspective views organizations as complex organisms that "live" within an external environment

Jill is a manager at a call center that recently received a lot of complaints from its customers. Her supervisor, Robert, asked her to increase the morale of her subordinates because he believed that this would result in better customer service, which in turn would increase repeat business and decrease customer complaints. Jill has decided to use the expectancy theory model to motivate her employees. If Jill wants to increase the E-to-P expectancies of her employees, she should _____.

provide coaching to employees who lack self-confidence.

International Manufacturing & Trading (IMT) is a medium-sized U.S. company rapidly expanding in the Asian and Far East markets. The company decides to open a manufacturing plant in Japan, Taiwan, and Malaysia. IMT will send key top managers from the U.S. office and will hire the lower-level managers and employees from the local markets. IMT managers realize that there will be some cultural differences. IMT managers should know that employees from cultures with a high power distance are more likely to:

readily accept the high status of people in the organization

Employees who receive a fixed amount of pay each week and feel underrewarded are most likely to

reduce their work effort

Generally, brands placed on the upper shelves of supermarkets receive greater attention than those on the lower shelves. This is an example of ______.

selective attention

Employee engagement is often described in terms of

self-efficacy

Joanie is an engineer at an architectural firm. She is very proud of this fact and often defines herself in terms of her work to family and friends. She is very skilled at her job and confident in that fact, but often has trouble adapting to challenging duties and environmental conditions. Although Joanie occasionally has trouble adapting to new conditions and job tasks, she believes she can do almost anything and always maintains a "can do" attitude. This is known as:

self-efficacy

Which of the following is external to an individual but still affects his or her behavior and performance?

situational factors

According to equity theory:

the selection of the comparison other varies from one person to the next

Stable, evaluative beliefs about what is important in a variety of situations are:

the values of an organization

A person's need hierarchy changes over time.

true

An important feature of an effective transformation process is how well the internal subsystems coordinate with each other.

true

Confirmation bias causes us to screen out information that is contrary to our values and assumptions.

true

Emotional intelligence refers to a set of abilities to perceive and express emotion, assimilate emotion in through, understand and reason with emotion, and regulate emotion in oneself and others.

true

Emotions are the primary source of individual motivation.

true

Social identity is a comparative process, and the comparison begins with categorical thinking.

true

The MARS model identifies the four main factors that influence individual behavior--motivation, ability, role perceptions, and situational factors.

true

The open systems perspective emphasizes that organizations maintain a good fit by actively managing their external environment.

true