MGT 4375 CH5

Which of the following are the needs identified by Clayton Alderfer in his ERG theory of motivation? Multiple select question. Existence needs Relatedness needs Safety and security needs Growth needs Physiological needs

Existence needs Relatedness needs Growth needs

____ denotes an employee's perception of how hard it will be to perform an assignment or task successfully. Instrumentality Expectancy Actualization Valence

Expectancy

Identify a similarity between Maslow's needs hierarchy and Alderfer's ERG theory of motivation. Both hold that the presence of hygiene factors and motivators results in efficiency. Both state that satisfied needs continue to motivate people. Both agree that individual needs are arranged hierarchically. Both have the same view on how people move through the different sets of needs.

Both agree that individual needs are arranged hierarchically.

Identify the most important components of expectancy theory. Multiple select question. Hierarchy Expectancy Instrumentality Outcomes Valence Equity

Expectancy Instrumentality Outcomes Valence

Which theory of motivation explains how individuals' perceptions of how fairly they are treated in social exchanges at work can influence their motivation? Needs-hierarchy theory Equity theory Goal-setting theory Expectancy theory

Equity theory

Identify the various needs listed in Abraham Maslow's needs-hierarchy theory. Esteem needs Distribution needs Self-actualization needs Information needs Physiological needs

Esteem needs Self-actualization needs Physiological needs

Identify the components of expectancy theory that pertain to an employee's preference for specific results. Desired outcomes Complacency Instrumentality Valence

Desired outcomes Valence

_____ is the perceived fairness of how rewards and resources are allocated in an organization. Restorative justice Informational justice Distributive justice Interpersonal justice

Distributive justice

_____ is a theory of motivation that suggests employees are more likely to be motivated when they believe that their efforts will result in successful performance and desired outcomes and rewards. Multiple choice question. Trait theory Classical design theory Attribution theory Expectancy theory

Expectancy theory

Perceptions of interpersonal justice are lower when employees are treated in a respectful and dignified manner. True or false

False

Identify the attributes of goal setting identified by Dr. Edwin A. Locke. Goal effectiveness Goal specificity Goal fairness Goal difficulty Goal commitment Goal intensity

Goal specificity Goal difficulty Goal commitment Goal intensity

____ proposes that people value fairness as a means of obtaining such desired intrinsic outcomes as self-esteem. Expectancy theory Equity theory Self-interest theory Group value theory

Group value theory

Identify the organizational approaches that would create a sense of informational justice among employees. Multiple select question. Authorities send out brief e-mails announcing major changes with little justification. Information about the financial condition of an organization is provided to employees frequently. Organizational decisions are explained to employees in a reasonable and thorough manner. Managers keep a single channel of communication open during turbulent times.

Information about the financial condition of an organization is provided to employees frequently. Organizational decisions are explained to employees in a reasonable and thorough manner.

_____ refers to judgments made by employees about whether they feel fairly treated by their supervisors and other authorities in the organization. Interpersonal justice Procedural justice Informational justice Distributive justice

Interpersonal justice

Identify a feature of a psychological contract between an individual and an organization. It never takes precedence over an employment agreement. It is an implied agreement between the individual and the organization. It acts as a formal agreement between two or more individuals. It is a written agreement between the individual and the organization.

It is an implied agreement between the individual and the organization.

In the context of the theories that explain why procedural justice works, identify a true statement about self-interest theory. Individuals rarely aim to achieve self-actualization. Individuals rarely aim to satisfy existence needs. It proposes that people want fair procedures to obtain desired intrinsic outcomes. It suggests that people want fair procedures to realize desired extrinsic outcomes.

It suggests that people want fair procedures to realize desired extrinsic outcomes.

In the context of the theories that explain why procedural justice works, identify a true statement about self-interest theory. Individuals rarely aim to achieve self-actualization. It proposes that people want fair procedures to obtain desired intrinsic outcomes. Individuals rarely aim to satisfy existence needs. It suggests that people want fair procedures to realize desired extrinsic outcomes.

It suggests that people want fair procedures to realize desired extrinsic outcomes.

_____ is defined as the process of incorporating personal achievement, recognition, challenge, responsibility, and growth opportunities into a person's job. Participative management Scientific management Job enrichment Organizational commitment

Job enrichment

Identify an example of procedural justice. The manager at Soks explains to those who get a small raise about how they can improve their performance next year. Jane's manager helps Jane and her team to get enough billable hours so that they will earn enough money. The manager's protege always receives the highest pay raise. Mike acquires as many clients as his colleague, and both receive similar bonuses.

Mike acquires as many clients as his colleague, and both receive similar bonuses.

_____ are best described as the deficiencies experienced by an individual at a particular point in time. Alternatives Boundaries Needs Conflicts

Needs

Identify the affective and behavioral reactions on which procedural justice has a positive impact. Multiple select question. Organizational commitment Task performance Extrinsic motivation Trust in oneself rather than in one's supervisor

Organizational commitment Task performance

____ focuses on employees' perceptions and judgments regarding the fairness of their organizations' decisions and procedures. An intrinsic reward Organizational justice A gain-sharing plan Expectancy theory

Organizational justice

Identify the components of motivation. Multiple select question. Persistence Intensity Distribution Direction Specificity

Persistence Intensity Direction

identify the components of organizational justice. Multiple select question. Procedural justice Advancement justice Interpersonal justice Distributive justice Security justice Informational justice

Procedural justice Interpersonal justice Distributive justice Informational justice

According to McClelland's needs theory of motivation, which of the following are learned needs obtained from culture? Multiple select question. The need for power The need for achievement The need for food and shelter The need for affiliation The need for fairness

The need for power The need for achievement The need for affiliation

Which of the following best describes informational justice in an organization? The perceived fairness of the communication that authorities provide to employees The perceived fairness of the recognition received by employees from authorities The perceived fairness of how resources and rewards are distributed throughout the organization The perceived fairness of the processes used by the organization to arrive at important decision

The perceived fairness of the communication that authorities provide to employees

Which of the following best describes the concept of procedural justice? The perceived fairness of the processes used by organizations to make resource and allocation decisions The perceived fairness of the communication provided to employees from authorities The perceived fairness of the treatment received by employees from their supervisors The perceived fairness of the recognition received by employees from authorities

The perceived fairness of the processes used by organizations to make resource and allocation decisions

Identify a feature of flexible or cafeteria benefits plans. They do not result in desirable performance outcomes. They allow employees to meet their changing requirements. They are offered by large enterprises but not by small or medium-sized firms. They result in more frustration, conflict, and stress than other benefits plans.

They allow employees to meet their changing requirements

In the context of Herzberg's two-factor theory, what are motivators? They are self-actualization needs that must be met. They are physiological needs that must be met. They are extrinsic conditions from the job context. They are intrinsic conditions related to a job.

They are intrinsic conditions related to a job.

Identify the true statements about needs. Multiple select question. They result from the behavioral responses of individuals. They make employees vulnerable to managers' motivational efforts. They are regarded as triggers of behavioral responses. They are invariably extrinsic rather than intrinsic in nature.

They make employees vulnerable to managers' motivational efforts. They are regarded as triggers of behavioral responses.

_____ refers to an individual's preferences for outcomes. Equity Valence Expectancy Instrumentality

Valence

_____ refers to an individual's preferences for outcomes. Equity Valence Instrumentality Expectancy

Valence

Identify the components of expectancy theory that pertain to an employee's preference for specific results. Complacency Instrumentality Valence Desired outcomes

Valence Desired outcomes

Sara's firm believes in rewarding its employees for high performance. When Sara does exceptionally well, she is offered a monetary reward. However, Sara would prefer to take an extra week of paid vacation instead. In this scenario, the monetary reward is an example of ______. low instrumentality a low expectancy outcome a negatively valent outcome high perception

a negatively valent outcome

According to Herzberg's two-factor theory of motivation, when hygiene factors are present, employees Blank______. are highly motivated to perform well find their jobs meaningful and fulfilling reach a stage where they are not dissatisfied with their jobs reach a point where they do not feel the need for more benefits

ach a stage where they are not dissatisfied with their jobs

Persons, teams, and groups attempt to accomplish goals through _____. instrumentality centralization cognitive dissonance actions and behavior

actions and behavior

According to Abraham Maslow's theory of motivation, needs ______. are irrelevant to motivation must be satisfied to motivate must be acquired from culture are arranged in a hierarchy

are arranged in a hierarchy

Jake and Mike are two workers who have the same level of performance and productivity. Their manager needs to choose one of them for a promotion. But, to be fair, she decides to promote both of them as both are equally good. This scenario exemplifies _____. distributive justice procedural justice informational justice interpersonal justice

distributive justice

An effect of job enrichment is that ______. employees feel unmotivated and unproductive at work employees are given less challenging duties due to their low task efficiency employees are given more discretion and accountability when performing challenging work employees' relationships with co-workers suffer

employees are given more discretion and accountability when performing challenging work

The equity theory of motivation is based on the assumption that ______. social interaction is the strongest motivating factor employees do not compare their efforts with those of others in similar work situations employees are motivated by a desire to be fairly treated at work employees do not work in exchange for rewards from their organizations

employees are motivated by a desire to be fairly treated at work

According to Herzberg's two-factor theory of motivation, hygiene factors are _____. esteem needs intrinsic conditions related to a job physiological needs extrinsic conditions related to a job

extrinsic conditions related to a job

According to Herzberg's two-factor theory of motivation, hygiene factors are _____. extrinsic conditions related to a job esteem needs physiological needs intrinsic conditions related to a job

extrinsic conditions related to a job

According to Maslow's needs hierarchy, the lowest-level needs are the self-actualization needs, and the highest-level needs are the physiological needs. True OR false

false

Maslow's needs hierarchy and Alderfer's ERG theory agree on how individuals move through different sets of needs. True or false

false

Plans that permit employees to choose benefits that suit them and to make adjustments in those benefits are known as _____. employee-engagement plans gain-sharing benefits plans flexible or cafeteria benefits plans employee stock ownership plans

flexible or cafeteria benefits plans

A(n) _____ is a particular target that an individual is trying to achieve.

goal

Employees who believe that they can get a job done well have a ______. negative valence positive valence high expectancy low instrumentality

high expectancy

An employee's instrumentality will be high if ______. he or she believes that a specific task is difficult to accomplish hygiene factors are present in abundance existence needs are recognized and fulfilled his or her contributions are likely to be noticed and rewarded

his or her contributions are likely to be noticed and rewarded

One of the criticisms of McClelland's learned needs theory is that _____. his theory does not focus on the need for social interaction his theory claims that needs are temporarily acquired his utilization of projective psychological personality tests has been challenged to be unscientific his theory claims that the need for achievement cannot be learned

his utilization of projective psychological personality tests has been challenged to be unscientific

According to Herzberg's two-factor theory, ______ are directly related to the nature of a task or job and contribute to satisfaction when present. motivators hygiene elements decisions physiological needs

motivators

In order to ensure high instrumentality, managers should ____. decrease the number of hygiene factors to improve performance encourage employees to move up the needs hierarchy improve only intrinsic factors to increase motivation reward high performance in a timely way

reward high performance in a timely way

McClelland's learned needs theory has been criticized because _____. McClelland did not acknowledge that the need for achievement can be learned the theory states that needs once learned last forever the evidence that supports the theory has mainly been provided by McClelland or his colleagues McClelland did not use projective psychological personality tests

the evidence that supports the theory has mainly been provided by McClelland or his colleagues

McClelland's learned needs theory has been criticized because _____. the evidence that supports the theory has mainly been provided by McClelland or his colleagues McClelland did not acknowledge that the need for achievement can be learned McClelland did not use projective psychological personality tests the theory states that needs once learned last forever

the evidence that supports the theory has mainly been provided by McClelland or his colleagues

According to Dr. Edwin Locke, specific and difficult goals will produce high levels of performance in an individual if ______. the individual perceives overpayment inequity the individual perceives he or she is being treated unfairly the goals are accepted by the individual the goals are unconscious ones

the goals are accepted by the individual

The concept of distributive justice frequently deals with compensation and is closely related to equity theory. True or false

true