MGT 747 Exam 1
What are the two main political systems?
Democracy and Autocracy/Totalitarian/Authoritarian
Who are the Next 11 countries?
-Bangladesh -Egypt -Indonesia -Iran -Mexico -Nigeria -Pakistan -Philippines -South Korea -Turkey -Vietnam
What are the 3 influential thoughts on Eastern theories of ethics?
-Confucian/eastern -hindu -islamic
What are the two types of Western Ethical Theories?
-Consequentialism: the morality of an action should be judged solely by its consequences -Non-Consequentialism: judges the rightness or wrongness of an action based on the properties of the action, looks at the why of an action
Who are the Emerging 7 countries?
-china -india -brazil -mexico -russia -indonesia -turkey
What are the types of autocracies?
-communism: dominated by a single party/group of people, resources are taken and redistributed to others, ex: China -dictatorship: one main individual rules ex: Sudan
What are the two types of monarchies?
-constitutional: decision making is not w/ monarchy, Queen/King is just for name, the final say is still by the people ex: England -absolute: king/queen has final say, succession based on families ex: Saudia Arabia
What are the 4 Eastern Ethical Philosophies?
-duty -nature is supreme -humans are a part of nature -group needs > individual needs
What are the types of non-consequentialism?
-ethics of duties: an act is morally right if it fulfills the categorical imperative -ethics of rights: an act is morally right if it respects the natural rights of others -virtue ethics: an act is morally right if it allows the decision maker to lead a good life by following virtues
What is Hofstede's 6D model of Cultural Dimensions?
-individualism vs collectivism -high uncertainty avoidance vs low uncertainty avoidance -high power distance vs low power distance -masculinity vs femininity -long term orientation vs short term orientation -indulgence vs restraint
What are the 5 Basic Principles of International Law?
-international vs domestic law -Principle of sovereignty: gives full right and power of a governing body over itself w/o any interference from outside sources -Principles of Jurisdiction (nationality, territoriality, passive personality, protective, universality) -Doctrine of Comity: mutual respect for the laws in other countries -Act of State Doctrine: acts of other govs are considered valid by US courts even if such acts are illegal in the US
What are the four foundations on which laws are based?
-islamic law: from Muhammad and the Quran -socialist law: Karl Marx, taking care of everyone in the society, similar to communism -common law: from English law -civil/code law: comes from Roman law
What are the 6 aspects of culture?
-it is learned -it is shared -it is transgenerational -it is symbolic -it is patterned -it is adaptive
What are the Trompenaar's 7 Cultural Dimensions?
-particularism vs universalism -collectivism vs individualism -affective vs netural -ascription vs achievement -diffuse vs specific -synchronous time vs sequential time -outer directed vs inner directed
What are the 9 cultural dimensions of the GLOBE project?
-power distance -uncertainty avoidance -institutional collectivism -ingroup collectivism -gender egalitarism -assertiveness -future orientation -performance orientation -humane orientation
What are the types of democracies?
-representative: what USA has, people vote to elect officials -direct: rare to see today, ancient athens
What are the 3 components of the categorical imperative?
-the act should be performable by everyone with no harm to the society -respects human dignity -whether it can be endorsed by everyone
What are the types of communication flows?
-upward: transmission of info from subordinate to superior ex: providing feedback, asking a ? -downward: transmission of information from manager to subordinate ex: convey an order
What are the types of consequentialism?
-utilitarianism: an act is morally right if it results in the greatest good for the greatest number of people -egoism: an act is morally right if it is in the decision maker's best interest
What is a high context communication culture?
coded and implicit messages emphasis on relationship building and loyalty few rules pay attention to voice, gestures ex: Asia, India
What is outsourcing?
contracting out to external organizations the activities that were previously performed by your own firm
What is a low context communication culture?
information is exchanged explicitly direct messages disagreement is not personal ex: USA
Explain instrumental vs affective communication style
instrumental: role focused, goal oriented (usa) affective: relationship directed, process oriented
What is the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act?
it is illegal to influence foreign officials through personal payment or political contributions
What are 4 barriers to communication?
language communication style nonverbal perceptual
What are Power Blocs?
nations that come together or sign treaties that are agreements in a way that if one country is in trouble or goes to war w/ another country these countries in the treaty will help; ex: NATO
What are the mechanisms of globalization?
offshoring and outsourcing
What is nationality jurisdiction?
permits a country to exercise criminal jurisdiction over any of its nationals accused of criminal offenses in another state ex: if usa citizen bombs sudan, usa can exercise jurisdiction
Explain personal vs contextual communication style
personal: you see every individual as equal (usa) contextual: high power difference, formal, less pronouns usage
What are the levels of the CSR pyramid?
philanthropic responsibility ethical responsbility legal responsibility economic responsibility
What are the 3 types of nonverbal barriers?
proxemics: study of physical distance to convey a message chronemics: the way in which time is used in cultures chromatics: use of color to communicate messages
What are hyper norms?
respect for core human values ex: don't cheat and lie
What is an exacting communication style?
say neither more or less than what is required to communicate a message just using words found in low context cultures
What is culture?
shared knowledge about experiences and ways of life
What is territoriality jurisdiction?
states have exclusive authority to deal with the criminal issues arising w/i their territory ex: if usa citizen bombs sudan, sudan exercises jurisdiction
What is leapfrogging?
taking over someone else in an area you may not have been good at before
What is Corporate Social Responsibility?
the actions of a firm to benefit society beyond legal requirements and the direct interests of the firm
What is the World Trade Organization?
the global organization that oversees rules and regulations for international trade and investment.
What is communication?
the process of transferring meaning from sender to receiver
What is globalization?
the social, political, economic, cultural, and even technological integration among the different countries around the world
What is Ethics?
the study of morality and standards of conduct, socially constructed
What is an elaborate communication style?
the use of rich, expressive language many adjectives, proverbs, and metaphors
What is absolutism/ethical imperialism?
there is a single universal moral principle and they can only be expressed and understood in one way
What is noise?
things that interfere with a message
What is management?
traditional: the process of completing activities with and through other people. Priya: Process of helping people realize their best performance towards the achievement of the organizational goals.
What is a succinct communication style?
understatements, long pauses, and silences found in high context cultures
What is Moral Relativism?
what is ethical in one society may be wrong in another society and we should not assume that just because we think something is wrong others will agree with us
What is offshoring?
when some company activities take place at different or offshore locations rather than in the home country
What is Blockchain?
a system of recording information in a way that makes it difficult or impossible to change, hack, or cheat the system
What is ethical relativism?
"do as the romans do"
What are the stages in the negotiation process?
1. plan/prep 2. persuade 3. close/commit
What are the steps in the communication process?
1. sender Encodes message and uses a channel to send the message 2. receiver Decodes the message 3. receiver gives feedback to sender
Who are the BRICS nations?
Brazil Russia India China South Africa these nations together account for 42% of the world's population and 30% of the world GDP
What are robotics?
automated ways of doing things
What are values?
basic convictions people have about right vs wrong
What is the Nonaligned movement?
a forum of 120 developing world states that are not formally aligned w/ or against any major power bloc
What is AI and Machine learning?
being able to look at patterns of behavior and make inferences
