mgt. exam 2

True or False: Justice provides the behavioral evidence that employees need to determine trustworthiness.

True

True or False: people tend to be satisfied in teams in which there are effective interpersonal relationships.

True

Individualism/Collectivism

the degree to which a person believes that people should be self-sufficient and that loyalty to one's self is more important than loyalty to team or company

moral identity is....

the degree to which a person self-identifies as a moral person

Masculinity-Femininity

the degree to which a society values assertiveness and materialism

Definition of potency

the degree to which members believe the team can be effective across a variety of situations and tasks

programmed decisions are.....

decisions that become somewhat automatic because people's knowledge allows them to recognize and identify a situation and the course of action that needs to be taken

uncertainty avoidance

the degree to which societies are willing to tolerate uncertainty and risk

task interdependence refers to.....

the degree to which team members interact with and rely on other team members for the information, materials, and resources needed to accomplish work for the team

concentration of effect is....

the extent to which consequences of the act are focused

representativeness is.....

the tendency to assess the likelihood of an event by comparing it to a similar event and assuming it will be similar

each branch of a large regional credit union operates largely autonomously but is part of the same organization. this is an example of _________ interdependence

pooled

A sales rep who is given an unexpected bonus check for exceeding a quarterly sales quote experiences.....

positive reinforcement

forming, storming, norming, performing, adjourning is the formulation of a team in a.......

predictable sequence

Ability to focus is....

predicted by an employee's level of trust in authorities

ethics that is discussed in terms of how people ought to act is referred to ____________ ethics

prescriptive

Communications, activities, and interaction that occur within teams that contribute to their ultimate end goals are known as team.....

processes

Alicia has to order copier toner again, so she consults the online catalog of the company's office supply vendor to see if either of her preferred brands is on sale. This is an example of a ________ decision.

programmed

A relay race in which each runner must pass the baton to the next runner is an example of __________ interdependence

sequential

People in a culture that has a _______ focus tend to be most concerned with the past and present, not the future.

short-term oriented

short-term orientation vs. long-term orientation

short-term- goals that are more past and present oriented long-term- goals that are more future-oriented

adjectives that are associated with extraversion are...

sociable, assertive, and spirited

The basic concept of _________ theory is that we tend to define our self-concept at least in part by the groups to which we belong.

social identity

The expression "monkey see, monkey do" best describes....

social learning theory

A company's acknowledgement that it is accountable for its actions is referred to as corporate....

social responsibility

Mary thinking that men are poor listeners is an example of.....

stereotyping

During the _____________ stage of team development, team members may encounter team members with differing ideas and experience interpersonal conflict.

storming

according to research, there is a ___________ correlation between teamwork processes and team commitment.

strong positive

A team that is susceptible to "fault lines" typically has a high degree of

surface-level diversity

Mara has worked in her company's office for many years and over time has learned who the best people are to talk to when certain issues arise. This is an example of _______ knowledge.

tacit

examples of transportable teamwork competences are....

task coordination, goal setting, and conflict resolution

The degree to which team members interact with one another and rely on other team members for the information, materials, and resources needed to accomplish work for the team is referred to as....

task interdependence

A project team is a.....

team formed to solve a one-time problem or design a product or service

Interpersonal activities that help a team accomplish its work without accomplishing the work itself are referred to as _________ processes

team or teamwork

An action team is a.....

team that executes complex tasks in situations that are difficult or viewable by others

roles that seek to influence the quality of the team's social climates are known as ____________ roles

team-building

MBTI is useful in a.....

team-building context

A positive correlation between teamwork processes and teamwork performance suggests that....

teams with effective teamwork processes achieve higher levels of process gains

descriptive ethics is how people....

tend to act using various codes and principles

as trust increases, social exchange relationships develop....

that are based on vaguely defined obligations that are open-ended and long term in their repayment schedules

Reinforcement Theory says....

that research has continually demonstrated that people will exhibit specific behaviors if they are rewarded to do so

affect-based trust means....

that the trust depends on feelings toward the authority that go beyond any rational assessment

Whistle-blowing can be considered an especially ethical action for a person to take when...

the action leaves the person vulnerable to potential retaliation and the action exposes an illegal or immoral activity in an organization

magntitude of consequences is....

the anticipated level of impact of the outcome

benevolence.....

the belief that the authority wants to do good for the trustor, apart from any selfish or profit-centered motives

Team building is most likely to have positive effects when....

the clarification of role responsibilities is emphasized

an antecedent is....

the condition that precedes behavior (ex: manager sets specific and difficult goal)

selective perception

"you only see what you want to see"

Energizer

(Team Task Roles) -Motivates the team to strive to do better

what is necessary in order for true learning to occur?

- behavioral changes become permanent - changes in behavior are repeated over time

bounded rationality says we are likely to....

- boil down the problem to something that is easily understood - come up with a few solutions that tend to be straightforward, familiar, and similar to what is currently being done - evaluate each alternative as soon as we think of it - use distorted and inaccurate information during the evaluation process - pick the first acceptable alternative (satisfice)

Authorities who _________________, _______________________, and _________________ are considered benevolent.

- care for their employees - loyal to their employees - are concerned about employees' well-being

chart (expilcit knowledge)

- easily transferred through written or verbal communication - readily available to most - can be learned through books - always conscious and accessible information - general information

To be rational decision makers we should..

- identify the problem by thoroughly examining the situation and considering all interested parties - develop an exhaustive list of alternatives to consider as solutions - evaluate all of the alternatives simultaneously - use accurate information to evaluate alternatives - pick the alternative that maximizes value

What are 3 examples of teamwork processes?

- interpersonal processes - transition processes - action processes

Research shows that as people grow older they become _________ conscientious, ___________ agreeable, and ______ neurotic.

- more - more - less

chart (tacit knowledge)

- very difficult, if not impossible, to articulate to others - highly personal in nature - based on experience - sometimes holders don't even recognize that they possess it - typically job- ot situation-specific

these are ways in which communications themselves influence the communication process....

- when a communicator lacks the skills necessary for encoding a message - when a communicator sends a message that is unclear or open to misinterpretation - when emotions distort a sender's message

anchoring is....

The tendency to rely too heavily, or "anchor" on one trait or piece of information when making decisions, even when the anchor might be unreliable or irrelevant.

ratio bias effect

the tendency to judge the same probability of an unlikely event as lower when the probability is presented in the form of a ratio of smaller rather than of larger numbers

contrast is......

the tendency to judge things erroneously based on a reference that is near to them

framing is...

the tendency to make different decisions based on how a question or situation is phrased

recency is....

the tendency to weigh recent events more than earlier events

cognition based trust means....

the trust is rooted in rational assessment of the authority's trustworthiness

trust is defined as....

the willingness to be vulnerable to a trustee based on positive expectations about the trustee's actions and intentions

Alyssa believes that decisions should be made based upon facts and logic, not on emotions or other subjunctive factors. According to the MBTI, Alyssa would likely have a _________ orientation

thinking

Research shows that learning has a moderate correlation with _________ and a weak correlation with ____________.

-task performance - organizational commitment

Rank the levels of cross-training from the shallowest level to the deepest level.

1. personal clarification 2. positional modeling 3. positional rotation

the contingencies of reinforcement are...

4 specific consequences typically used by organizations to modify employee behavior

operant conditioning components

Antecedent --> Behavior --> Consequence

An example of fixed interval is....

At Anne's Design Shop, employees receive a paycheck on the 15th and the last day of every month

an example of variable ratio is....

At Mid-City Auto, the number of cars that agents need to sell during a quarter to earn a bonus often changes from quarter to quarter.

An example of variable interval is....

At Miller's Diner, the manager checks the cleanliness of the public restroom at random times during the day to make sure employees are keeping it clean.

The Big Five personality dimensions are

CANOE- conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness to experience, and extraversion

___________ interdependence demands the highest level of interaction and coordination among team members

Comprehensive

power distance

Degree to which societies accept the idea that inequalities in the power and well-being of their citizens are due to differences in individuals' physical and intellectual capabilities and heritage

Mission analysis means.....

Examining the team's tasks, challenges, and available resources

True or False: Companies that have a reputation as an organization that values learning tend to receive lower-quality job applicants.

False, they tend to receive higher-quality job applicants

MBTI

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, invented by Carl jung

judging vs.....

Perceiving

pooled interdependence is....

When team members may work independently, and then this work is simply "piled up" to represent the group's output

projection bias

When we assume others share the same beliefs we do

a group is....

a collection of two or more people

To capitalize on the expertise of its employees in developing new products, a multinational consumer electronics company established groups of engineers in its various divisions to share knowledge, design methodologies, and design successes and failures. This is an example of .....

a community of practice

the best description of a management team is....

a group of executives who oversees the functioning of a company

A role is defined as....

a pattern of behavior that a person is expected to display in a given context

the 3 dimensions to trustworthiness are.....

ability, benevolence, and integrity

process loss is best described as.....

achieving less from the team than expected, based upon the capabilities of its individual members

Informational justice is fostered when.....

autheroities adhere to the justification rule (which mandates that authoirties expalin decision-making procedures sand outcomes in a comprehensive and reasonable manner) and truthfulness rule (requires that those communications be honest and candid)

behavior is the....

action performed by employee (ex: employee meets assigned goal)

The 3 factors that influence trust levels are disposition-based trust, cognition-based trust, and _____-based trust

affect

Corporate Social Responsibility is...

an approach to business that recognizes that companies have responsibilities that extend to being a good corporate citizen in the community

moral intent reflects....

an authority's degree of commitment to the moral course of action

definition of cohesion

an emotional attachment to other members of team and the team itself

typical performance reflects....

an employee's performance in the routine conditions that surround daily job tasks

Conditions that precede a particular behavior that influence its future occurrence are known as.....

antecedents

variable interval schedule

are designed to reinforce behavior at more random points in time

virtual teams

are teams in which the members are geographically dispersed, and interdependent activity occurs through electronic communications—primarily e-mail, instant messaging, and Web conferencing.

social learning theory

argues that people in organizations have the ability to learn through the observation of others

In order to determine whether distributive justice exists, employees consider....

assignments, promotions, and pay

an example of fixed ratio is....

at Rentals4You, agents get a bonus for every 5 apartments they show that are leased

according to kohlberg, moral development begins....

at the preconventional stage

interpersonal justice is fostered when....

authorities adhere to two particular rules (respect rule-pertains to whether authorities treat employees in a dignified and sincere manner and the properiety rule- reflects whether authorities refrain from making improper or offensive remarks)

prescriptive ethics is how people....

based on certain individual and situational characteristics

Individualistic roles are.....

behaviors that benefit the individual at the expense of the team

The fundamental attribution error is the tendency to....

believe that another person's behavior is due to internal factors

The idea that people are unable to reach the optimal decision due to a lack of ability, time, and resources to process all information and alternatives is called...

bounded rationality

According to Hofstede's dimensions of cultural values, a feminine culture values stereotypically female traits, such as.....

caring about quality of life

members have a common goal is a ___________ of a team

characteristic

Jaime was interviewing for a cashier position at the local supermarket. As part of the hiring process, she was required to take a personality test in which she was asked, "if you received an extra $1.00 in change when you purchase groceries, would you keep it?" it would appear that Jaime has taken a(n) ______________ test

clear purpose

A society that has a strong group orientation and emphasizes the interdependence of people would be categorized as having a high degree of.....

collectivism

A parallel team is a team.....

composed of members from various jobs who consult on various organizational issues

A team's success depends on the abilities of the "weakest link" of the team in which type of task?

conjunctive

The Big Five personality dimension that is characterized by a person's attention to detail, thoroughness, organization, and self-discipline is referred to as.....

conscientiousness

In the process of hiring a specialist, ability should be.....

considered early on

According to operant conditions, four specific consequences are used to modify behavior. These consequences are collectively referred to as....

contingencies of reinforcement

Providing positive reinforcement after every time an employee exhibits a desired behavior is known as....

continuous reinforcement

the schedules of reinforcement are....

continuous, fixed interval, variable interval, fixed ratio, and variable ratio

developing new, exciting ideas to work toward the final solution of a task is characteristic of...

creative behavior

examples of taskwork processes are....

creative behavior, decision making, and boundary spanning

The shared values, beliefs, motives, identities, and interpretations that result from common experiences of members of a society and are transmitted across generations are referred to as....

culture

In order to explore similarities in ___________, Project GLOBE groups countries together into country clusters, such as Anglo, Latin America, and Eastern Europe.

cultures

The committee is holding a status meeting tonight to review progress on the upcoming charity auction, but Kylee feels "out of the loop" because she has missed several committee meetings and isn't quite sure what she was supposed to accomplish before tonight. this is an example of a lack of......

decision informity

When employees make choices to solve a problem, they engage in......

decision making

As a general rule, as the extent of task interdependence __________, the time spent staying in touch with and coordinating with team members to finish tasks __________.

decreases; decreases

power distance refers to the......

degree that people are willing to accept an unequal distribution of power within a society or organization

orienter

determines the direction of the team's discussion (team task role)

Goal Specification means.....

developing and prioritizing objectives related to the team's mission and strategy

Strategy Formulation means....

developing courses of action and contingency plans

sequential interdependence

different tasks are done in a prescribed order, and the group is structured such that the members specialize in these tasks

adjectives that are associated with conscientiousness are.....

disciplined, organized, and responsible

A group of algebra students is working collaboratively on an in-class assignment. Oliver is considered an algebra "whiz," so he's quick to solve the problems, and the rest of the group is happy to go along with his answers. the assignment is an example of a ____________ task

disjunctive

The value in diversity problem-solving approach suggests that...

diverse teams have larger sets of information and points of view that the team can use

Behavioral modeling is when.....

employees observe the actions of others, learn from what they observe, and then repeat the observed behavior

Loretta is jokingly referred to as the "cheerleader" because she always helps motivate her team to complete tasks, even when the project seems dull or boring. What team task role does Loretta fill?

energizer

Thom is the marketing manager at a consumer products company. The expensive ad campaign he planned has flopped so far, but rather than scrap it and try something else, he decides to invest more money in the campaign and run ads in more publications. This is an example of....

escalation of commitment

the four-component model of ethical decision making argues that....

ethical behaviors result from a multistage sequence beginning with moral awareness, continuing on to moral judgment, then to moral intent, and ultimately to ethical behavior

Authorities are able to improve procedural justice when they abide by rules of....

fair process

thinking vs.......

feeling

which schedules of reinforcement rely on the passage of time?

fixed interval and variable interval

performance-prove orientation

focus on demonstrating their competence so that others think favorably of them

performance-avoid orientation

focus on demonstrating their competence so that others will not think poorly of them

there is little evidence that the MBTI is a useful tool...

for predicting the job satisfaction, motivation, performance, or commitment of employees across jobs

less linear model is....

forming and pattern creation --> inertia ---> process revision --> inertia

Jacques and his team are meeting to identify several ways to cut costs in order to make up the projected budget shortfall this financial quarter. This step of the rational decision-making model is known as....

generating a list of alternatives

Tom disagrees with the team's ideas for the new ad campaign, but he doesn't want to "make waves," so he keeps his thoughts to himself rather than risk an argument, which is an example of....

groupthink

adjectives that are associated with agreeableness are....

helpful, trusting, and cooperative

Simple, efficient, "rules of thumb" that allow us to make decisions more easily are known as....

heuristics

When employees have higher levels of trust in authorities, they have......

higher levels of task performance

definition of transactive memory

how specialized knowledge is distributed among team members

With ______________, team members receive rewards that are dependent on both their team's performance and how well they perform as individuals

hybrid outcome interdependence

adjectives that are associated with openness to experience are.....

imaginative, independent, and creative

with the increasing popularity of the internet, maintaining a company's reputation has become....

increasingly difficult

People who value personal freedom and self-sufficiency and who prioritize watching out for their own well-being and that of their close family members can be described as.....

individualistic

As a general rule, face-to-face communication has a higher level of ______________ because senders can convey meaning through verbal and nonverbal cues.

information richness

Providing an honest explanation to employees for a company decision that affects their employment is part of the dimension of justice called ___________.

informational

Project GLOBE divided collectivism into 2 groups: ingroup collectivism and ________ collectivism

institutional

Jotene doesn't believe that "luck happens"; she thinks you make your own luck in life. Based on this information, it appears that Joten has an _____________ locus of control.

internal

when people believe that they are treated with dignity and respect by parties involved in a decision-making process, they perceive ___________ justice

interpersonal

interactional juustice includes...

interpersonal justice and informational justice

less linear model of tewam development is....

interrupted by punctuated equilibrim, which forces process revision to occur

extraversion vs....

introversion

sensing vs.......

intuition

according to kohlberg's theory of moral development, moral development at the conventional stage.....

involves an emphasis on laws, rules, and orders that govern society

When an employee's experience increases their knowledge or skill, and it results in a relatively permanent change, they are said to experience.....

learning

research shows that the differences between experts and novices are a function of....

learning

the types of goal orientation are...

learning orientation, performance-prove orientation, and performance-avoid orientation

The purpose of a work team is to.....

make goods or offer services

Members of the budget committee at XYCAT Co. review and approve departmental budgets that are submitted by various department heads. This is an example of a ______________ team

management

MBTI is used to....

measure personalities and evaluates individuals on the basis of four types of preferences

what aspects of team composition are crucial in influencing team functioning and effectiveness?

member ability, team diversity, and team size

Peforming

members are comfortable working within their roles, and the team makes progress towards goals

reciprocal interdependence

members are specialized to perform specific tasks, and members interact with a subset of other members to complete the team's work

adjourning

members experience anxiety and other emotions as they disengage and ultimately separate from the team

comprehensive interdependence

members have a great deal of discretion in terms of what they do and with whom they interact in the course of the collaboration involved in accomplishing the team's work

forming

members orient themselves by trying to understand their boundaries in the team

norming

members realize that they need to work together to accomplish team goals, and consequently, they begin to cooperate with one another

storming

members remain committed to ideas they bring with them to the team

what typically occurs with increasing levels of task interdependence?

members spend increasing amounts of time coordinating their activities

Conscientiousness has a ________________ effect on performance

moderate positive

Research conducted in a wide variety of team settings has shown that teamwork processes have a __________ relationship with team performance.

moderate positive

adjectives that are associated with neuroticism are....

moody, insecure, and anxious

The degree to which people pay attention to moral issues is referred to as their....

moral attentiveness

When authorities recognize that a moral issue exists, they demonstrate.....

moral awareness

The elements of the four-component model of ethical decision making are.....

moral awareness, moral judgment, moral intent, and ethical behavior

When authorities determine whether their course of action is ethical or unethical, they exercise.....

moral judgment

economic exchange relationships are based on....

narrowly defined, quid pro quo obligation that are specified in advance and have an explicit repayment schedule

Which Big Five personality trait is associated with feelings of anxiety, insecurity, or self-consciousness?

neuroticism

Russ heads up to a virtual team with members in India, Ireland, and Taiwan. During the last conference call, he was frustrated by the static and echo on the telephone line. This is an example of ________ in the communication process model

noise

positive reinforcement

occurs when a positive outcome follows a desired behavior; the most common type of reinforcement

punishment

occurs when an unwanted outcome follows an unwanted behavior

negative reinforcement

occurs when an unwanted outcome is removed following a desired behavior; designed to increase desired behaviors

extinction

occurs when there is the removal of a consequence following an unwanted behavior

self-serving bias

occurs when we attribute our own failures to external factors and our own successes to internal factors (consensus, distinctiveness, and consistency)

a team consists.....

of 2 or more people who work independently over some time period to accomplish common goals related to some task-oriented purposes (deeper dependence on team members than in groups and interactions occur with a specific task-related purpose in mind)

interests are expressions.....

of personality that influence behaviors through preferences for certain environments and activities

transportable teamwork competencies are a type.....

of team training involving developing general competencies related to teamwork activities that can be used any given context (these skills, knowledge, and abilities)

devil's advocate

offers challenges to the team's status quo (team task role)

Tasha loves to travel, especially internationally. She's always eager to see new places, try new things, and learn abut different cultures. Which Big Five personality dimension does this illustrate?

openness to experience

In order to improve quality at a manufacturing firm, managers put together a team composed of members of various departments to meet on a part-time basis to analyze and discuss issues of product quality and make recommendations for change. this is an example of a __________ team.

parallel

The hospital's Grievance Committee is made up of members from various departments and is responsible for reviewing patient grievances and making recommendations to promptly resolve those complaints. This committee id an example of a _________ team.

parallel

fundamental attribution error

people have a tendency to judge others' behaviors as due to internal factors

Procedural justice is....

perceived fairness of the process used in reaching decisions

Lloyd's new product development team ids finally "hitting on all cylinders." Its members are working together smoothly, trust each other, and are mutually committed to the objectives of the teams. Lloyd's team appears to be in the _________ stage of team development.

performing

Procedural Technician (team task role)

performs routine tasks needed to keep progress moving

Initiator-contributor

proposes new ideas (team task role)

Docking an employee's pay because the employee came in late to work is an example of......

punishment

In the communication process model, the message must be decoded or interpreted by the.....

receiver

In a marketing firm, ideas for a new marketing campaign must be sent back and forth between graphic designers and business development representatives several times for input, feedback, and changes before finally being published. This is an example of _________ interdependence

reciprocal

traits are....

recurring regularities or trends in people's responses to their environment

team building roles

refer to behaviors that influence the quality of the team's social climate

team task roles

refers to behaviors that directly facilitate the accomplishment of team tasks

fixed-ratio schedule

reinforce behaviors after a certain number of them have been exhibited

consequence is the....

result that occurs after behavior (ex: employees receive a bonus)

fixed-interval schedule

rewarded after a certain period of time, and the length of time between reinforcement periods stay the same

The tendency for people to interpret their environment based on their own expectations, experience, and attitudes is known as.....

selective perception

temporal immediacy is.....

the interval between when the act occurs and its consequences

explicit knowledge is......

the kind of information you're likely to think about when you picture someone sitting down at a desk to learn and information that's relatively easily communicated and a large part of what companies teach during training sessions

Definition of mental models

the level of common understanding among team members regarding the teams and its tasks

probability of effect is....

the likelihood that the act will occur or cause harm

A taskwork process in which team members independently generate ideas, present those ideas to the group, and then independently rank-order the ideas generated is known as....

the nominal group technique

Justice reflects.....

the perceived fairness of an authority's decision making

distributive justice reflects....

the perceived fairness of decision-making outcomes

procedural justice reflects....

the perceived fairness of decision-making processes

Informational justice reflects....

the perceived fairness of the communications provided to employees from authorities

interpersonal justice reflects....

the perceived fairness of the treatment received by employees from authorities

integrity......

the perception that the authority adheres to a set of values and principles that the trustor finds acceptable

moral judgment reflects....

the process people use to determine whether a particular course of action is unethical or ethical

prescriptive ethics is....

the scientific study of how people tend to act when presented with a moral problem or dilemna

continuous reinforcement is....

the simplest schedule and happens when a specific consequence follows each and every occurrence of a desired behavior

ability.....

the skills, competencies, and areas of expertise that enable an authority to be successful in some specific area

what is the purpose of cross-training?

to enable team members to develop shared mental models of what is involved in each of the team roles and how those roles fit together to form a system

Personality refers.....

to the structures and propensities inside people that explain their characteristic patterns of thought, emotion, and behavior

A group of new customer-service employees undergo a full-day orientation program in which they learn company policies, procedures, and how to operate the computer system. this is an example of.....

training

Team building is.....

training that is intended to facilitate the development of team processes relates to goal setting, interpersonal relations, problem solving, and role clarification

coordinator

tries to coordinate activities among team members (team task role)

Solange grew up in a large city and developed a fear of strangers. She sometimes worries about her boyfriend, Paul, who always seems ready to help out people he doesn't know who ask for help. It would appear that Solange has lower ________ than Paul.

trust propensity

The characteristics or attributes of a person that inspire our trust are known as that person's.....

trustworthiness

The extent to which a culture can handle uncertainty and lack of clarity is referred to as.....

uncertainty avoidance

when desired behaviors are reinforced at arbitrary points in time, reinforcement is being given on a ___________ schedule

variable interval

the types of reinforcement schedules are....

variable interval, variable ratio, fixed interval, and fixed ratio

The Big 5 model are.....

variations of 5 broad dimensions or "factors" that can be used to summarize our personalities

The likelihood that the members of a team can work together effectively into the future is referred to as team....

viability

Using the MBTI as any kind of hiring or selection tool doesn't appear to be....

warranted

tacit knowledge is.....

what employees can typically learn only through experience and not easily communicated, but could very well be the most important aspect of what we learn in organizations

nonprogrammed decisions happens....

when a situation arises that is new, complex, and not recognized

moral awareness occurs....

when an authority recognizes that a moral issue exists in a situation or that an ethical code or principle is relevant to the circumstance

procedural justice is fostered....

when authorities adhere to rules of fair-process (voice, correctability) and when they adhere to 4 rules that serve to create equal employment opportunities (consistency, bias suppression, representativeness, and accuracy)

Satisficing results

when decision makers select the first acceptable alternative considered

Avaialbility bias

when people tend to base their judgments on information that is easier to recall

learning orientation

where building competence is deemed more important than demonstrating competence

The process through which former or current employees expose illegal or immoral actions by their organization is called....

whistle-blowing

Instead of having assembly lines in which workers repeatedly perform single, specialized tasks, such as sewing zippers or attaching buttons, a clothing manufacturer forms teams of 8 to 10 workers who are responsible for producing entire garments. This is an example of a ________ team.

work

this situation best represents a variable ratio schedule of reinforcement

you continue to feed quarters into a slot machine, not knowing when it's going to pay off

disposition based trust means....

your personality traits include a general propensity to trust others