MGT EXAM MC

In the context of the perception process, which of the following is a difference between organization and interpretation? A : Perceptual filters do not affect organization of information, whereas perceptual filters affect interpretation of information. B : Organization is the first step of the perception process, whereas interpretation is the last step of the perception process. C : Organization is the process of incorporating new information into ones existing knowledge, whereas interpretation is the process of attaching meaning to new knowledge. D : Organization is the process of noticing, or becoming aware of, particular stimuli, whereas interpretation is the process of attaching meaning to new knowledge.

: Organization is the process of incorporating new information into ones existing knowledge, whereas interpretation is the process of attaching meaning to new knowledge

: In the context of motivation, initiation of effort is concerned with the choices that people make in deciding where to put forth effort in their jobs.

false

: In the context of expectancy theory, which of the following is a difference between 14 / 23 expectancy and instrumentality? A : Unlike instrumentality, when expectancies are strong, employees figure that no matter what they do or how hard they work, they will not be able to perform their jobs successfully, so they do not work harder. B : Unlike expectancy, when instrumentality is weak, employees believe that improved performance will lead to better and more rewards, so they choose to work harder. C : Expectancy is the perceived relationship between effort and performance, whereas instrumentality is the perceived relationship between performance and rewards. D : Expectancy is the attractiveness or desirability of various rewards or outcomes, whereas instrumentality is the perceived relationship between effort and rewards.

Expectancy is the perceived relationship between effort and performance, whereas instrumentality is the perceived relationship between performance and rewards.

_____ is a mechanism for gathering information about performance deficiencies after they occur. A : Feedforward control B : Concurrent control C : Feedback control D : Adaptive control

Feedback Control

: Which of the following defines motivation? A : It is the abundance or shortage of critical organizational resources in an organizations external environment. B : It is the attractiveness or desirability of a reward or outcome. C : It is the set of forces that initiates, directs, and makes people persist in their efforts to accomplish a goal. D : It is the examination of ones own conscious thoughts and feelings.

It is the set of forces that initiates, directs, and makes people persist in their efforts to accomplish a goal.

: According to path-goal theory, which of the following is true? A : Leaders must be matched to the right leadership situation. B : Leader behavior must be a source of immediate or future satisfaction for followers. C : Leader behavior must duplicate the characteristics of followers work environments. D : Leaders are effective when the work groups they lead perform well

Leader behavior must be a source of immediate or future satisfaction for followers

In the context of the perception process, which of the following is a difference between attention and retention? A : Attention is the process of incorporating new information into our existing knowledge, whereas retention is the process of attaching meaning to new knowledge. B : Retention of information is not affected by perceptual filters, whereas attention to information is affected by perceptual filters. C : Retention is the process of memorizing information after we have perceived something, whereas attention is the process of noticing, or becoming aware of, particular stimuli. D : Attention is an involuntary process, whereas retention is a voluntary process.

Retention is the process of memorizing information after we have perceived something, whereas attention is the process of noticing, or becoming aware of, particular stimuli.

Which of the following is true of grapevines? A : Studies show that grapevines are highly inaccurate sources of information. B : They rarely involve any form of physical interaction and are discreet to a large extent. C : Research shows that grapevines are slower than formal communication channels. D : They arise out of informal communication networks such as the gossip or cluster chains.

They arise out of informal communication networks such as the gossip or cluster chains

Output control measures what managers and workers do. A : true B : false

false

Larry recently moved to Austin for a new job. He has been staying in an apartment alone ever since. He feels the need to make new friends and hence decides to join a recreational club. In the context of Maslows Hierarchy of Needs, this scenario best illustrates Larrys

belongingness needs

Which of the following is a similarity between feedback control and concurrent control? A : Both are based on beliefs that are shaped and negotiated by work groups. B : Both provide information about performance deficiencies by monitoring inputs rather than outputs. C : Both seek to prevent performance deficiencies before they occur. D : Both provide criticism on the basis of outcomes and results.

both provide critism on the basis of outcomes and results

Chace is a manager at Westwick Inc., an advertising company. He regularly holds meetings with his subordinates to track their work progress and address issues that they might be facing. This way, Chace tries to ensure that issues are identified early and work is completed on time. In this case, Chace is using _____. A : feedback control B : feedforward control C : concurrent control D : reactive contro

concurrent control

Juliana is a team leader at Spectra Inc., a publishing company. She works closely with writers and editors, monitors their performance, and rectifies mistakes when work is in progress. In this case, Juliana is using _____. A : feedback control B : feedforward control C : concurrent control D : reactive control

concurrent control

: _____ is the degree to which someone is organized, hardworking, responsible, persevering, thorough, and achievement oriented. A : Cordiality B : Agreeableness C : Extraversion D : Conscientiousness

conscientiousness

: Identify a step that managers can take to motivate employees using the expectancy theory. A : Reduce employees inputs B : Overreward employees C : Avoid publicizing the way in which pay decisions are made D : Empower employees to make decision

empower employees to make decisions

: Billy initially started playing golf as a hobby. As he began to get better at the sport, he wanted to REPRESENT his club in the championships so that he could get sponsorships and get recognized for his talent. In the context of Maslows Hierarchy of Needs, this scenario best illustrates Billys _____. A : belongingness needs B : physiological needs C : esteem needs D : safety need

esteem needs

Kathleen is elated after getting promoted to senior sales manager. She aims to get her next promotion by the end of the next fiscal year. She wants to gain more RECOGITION the organization and in the society. In the context of Maslows Hierarchy of Needs, this scenario best illustrates Kathleens ____

esteem needs

In the context of the communication process, _____ makes senders aware of possible miscommunications and enables them to continue communicating until the receiver understands the intended message. A : encoding B : attenuation C : retention D : feedback

feedback

: Sabrina is a language trainer at a telecommunications company. Every time her trainees fail to achieve good grades in their practice exercises, she gives them assignments to work at home. In this case, Sabrina is using _____. A : feedback control B : feedforward control C : concurrent control D : reactive control

feedback control

Haylee is a communication specialist at Sunshine Works. She leads a team of 20 employees. Every time her employees underperform, she asks them to attend refresher training sessions. In this case, Haylee is using _____. A : feedback control B : feedforward control C : concurrent control D : reactive contro

feedback control

Jose is a school teacher. If his students score less than 50 percent on their class tests, he assigns them extra homework. Jose is using _____. A : feedback control B : feedforward control C : concurrent control D : reactive control

feedback control

Marco is a swimming coach at an elementary school. If his students fail to master a stroke, he compels them to practice for longer hours. In this case, Marco is using _____. A : feedback control B : feedforward control C : concurrent control D : reactive control

feedback control

Shawn is a manager at Jolez Solutions. Whenever employees underperform, he asks them 5 / 21 to work overtime for a few days. In this case, Shawn is using _____. A : feedback control B : feedforward control C : concurrent control D : reactive control

feedback control

Simon is the manager of the editorial department in a publishing company. Every time an editor in his team fails to fix the errors in the article he or she is working on, Simon assigns him or her extra work. In this case, Simon is using _____. A : feedback control B : feedforward control C : concurrent control D : reactive contro

feedback control

Agreeableness is the degree to which someone is _____. A : resolute and has a problem-solving attitude B : curious C : flexible and forgiving D : thorough, persevering, and achievement oriented

flexible and forgiving

: Rick is a machine operator in a plastic manufacturing company. He believes that if he performs better, he will receive more incentives. In the context of expectancy theory of motivation, this scenario best illustrates the factor of _____. A : instrumentality B : valence C : reinforcement D : affiliatio

instrumentality

In the context of the basic perception process, _____ is the process of attaching meaning to new knowledge. A : attention B : organization C : interpretation D : retention

interpretation

A disadvantage of feedback is that: A : it is too general to apply to most situations. B : it has no effect on organizational performance. C : it always comes after the fact. D : it monitors inputs rather than outputs.

it always comes after the fact

: _____ is the use of observable measures of worker behavior or outputs to assess performance and influence behavior. A : Bureaucratic control B : Objective control C : Normative control D : Concertive control

objective control

In the context of the basic perception process, _____ is the process of incorporating new information into your existing knowledge. A : attention B : retention C : organization D : interpretation

organization

Which of the following steps can managers take to use equity theory to motivate employees? A : Keeping inputs and outcomes constant B : Reducing outcomes C : Reducing employees inputs D : Fixing a referent as constant

reduce inputs

: Unlike output control, behavior control _____. A : is a type of normative control B : is often coupled with rewards and incentives C : gives managers and workers the freedom to behave as they see fit as long as they accomplish prespecified, measurable results D : regulates, guides, and measures how workers behave on the job

regulates, guides and measures how workers behave on the job

onathans employer does not provide health coverage for his family members. Therefore, he decides to purchase health insurance for his kids so that he does not have to pay for their vaccinations and doctor visits every time. In the context of Maslows Hierarchy of Needs, this scenario best illustrates Jonathans _____. A : belongingness needs B : safety needs C : esteem needs D : physiological needs

safety needs

: According to Maslow, which of the following is on the top of the hierarchy of needs? A : Self-actualization needs B : Physiological needs C : Self-esteem needs D : Safety needs

self actualization

At the peak of her career, Evelyn, a tennis champion, wanted to launch her own sports shoe brand. In the context of Maslows Hierarchy of Needs, this scenario best illustrates Evelyns _____. A : belongingness needs B : physiological needs C : self-actualization needs D : safety need

self actualization

Norman, a renowned painter, wants to open a new studio. He also wants to set up art exhibitions in different cities in the United States to display his artwork. In the context of Maslows Hierarchy of Needs, this scenario best illustrates Normans _____. A : belongingness needs B : self-actualization needs 5 / 23 C : physiological needs D : safety need

self actualization

Unlike feedback control, concurrent control _____. A : gathers information about performance deficiencies after they occur B : provides information about performance deficiencies by monitoring inputs rather than outputs C : shortens the delay between performance and feedback about the performance D : is a mechanism for gathering information and providing feedback about performance deficiencies before they occur

shortens the delay between performance and feedback of performance

: In the context of Fiedlers contingency theory, the term _____ refers to the degree to which a particular condition either permits or denies a leader the chance to influence the behavior of group members. A : situational favorableness B : individualized consideration C : initiating structure D : task structure

situational favorableness

The basic assumption of behavior control is that if one does the right things every day, then those things should lead to goal achievement.

true

in the context of Fiedlers contingency theory, Fiedler assumes that the favorableness of a situation for a leader depends on the degree to which the situation permits the leader to influence the behavior of group members.

true

In the context of equity theory, _____ occurs when a referents outcome/input (O/I) ratio is better than ones own O/I ratio. A : distributive justice B : overreward C : underreward D : procedural justice

underreward

According to expectancy theory, one of the factors that affects the conscious choices people make about their motivation is _____. A : equity B : valence 13 / 23 C : affiliation D : goal specificity

valence

Cynthia, a copy editor at a leading daily newspaper, wants one months leave from work. Because of tight deadlines, her supervisor attempts to persuade her to cancel her leave by offering her a pay hike. However, Cynthia declines his offer. In the context of expectancy theory of motivation, this scenario best illustrates the factor of _____.

valence