MHR FINAL (QUIZ QUESTIONS)
Departmentalization options include all of the following EXCEPT ________. A. Unity of command B. Geogrphic C. Service D. Functional E. Customer
A. Unity of command
The Hawthorne Studies focused on group behavior where productivity increased as a result of________. A. leadership B. evironmental conditions C. group dynamics D. flexible benefits E. flextime
C. group dynamics
Faultlines could be a problem in ________ groups. A. small B. self-led C. large D. tightly organized E. diverse
E. diverse
Which of the following statements is true regarding an organization's culture? A. A dominant culture expresses the core values shared by a majority of theorganization's members. B. Organizational culture is evaluative rather than descriptive. C. Dominant cultures and subcultures rarely share any core values. D. A weak culture reduces employee turnover. E. Large organizations rarely have subcultures.
A. A dominant culture expresses the core values shared by a majority of theorganization's members.
Which of the following is NOT a transactional leadership trait? A. Intellectual stimulation B. Laissez-faire C. Management by exception (active) D. Contingent reward E. Management by exception (passive)
A. Intellectual stimulation
Which of the following would LEAST likely help a U.S. manager exhibit cultural sensitivity? A. Being aware of one's actions B. Avoiding discussions of efficiency C. Considering others' backgrounds D. Considering others' perspectives E. Avoiding discussions of religion
B. Avoiding discussions of efficiency
Which one of the following acts as an informal communication link between two parties? A. Mediator B. Conciliator C. Arbitrator D. Negotiator E. Counselor
B. Conciliator
Entrenched culture falls under what type of cultural liability? A. Barriers to acquisition and merger B. Institutionalization C. Barriers to change D. Barriers to diversity E. Toxicity
C. Barriers to change
What type of team primarily relies on computers to connect physically dispersed members for the purpose of accomplishing a common goal? A. Functional B. Self-managed C. Virtual D. Problem solving E. Cross-functional
C. Virtual
Teams are a good fit in countries that score high in ________. A. feminism B. power distance C. collectivism D. individualism E. uncertainty avoidance
C. collectivism
Which of the following emotions can be beneficial for a negotiator to show to achieveconcessions? A. Anxiety B. Neutral emotion C. Happiness D. Anger E. Surprise
D. Anger
Team composition includes which of the following? A. Adequate resources B. Specific goals C. Conflict levels D. Social loafing E. Allocation of roles
E. Allocation of roles
According to the text, power is less likely to affect someone negatively if that person has what type of personality? A. Neurotic B. Judging C. Sympathetic D. Aggressive E. Anxious
E. Anxious
Which theories of leadership imply that we can determine leadership effectiveness by leaderconduct, and perhaps train people to be leaders? A. Educational B. Situational C. Contingency D. Trait E. Behavioral
E. Behavioral
Which of the following is NOT an example of a workshop that can help build team players? A. Policy development B. Negotiation C. Problem solving D. Conflict management E. Communication
A. Policy development
Which of the following occurs when people within organizations use influence to distort the facts and gain support for their personal interests? A. Politicking B. Self-promotion C. Defensive behavior D. Impression management E. Group maneuvering
A. Politicking
Leader-member exchange theory focuses on what? A. Relationships B. Raising follower readiness levels C. Goal-setting D. Situational considerations E. Exchanging rewards or goals of value between participants
A. Relationships
Which of the following is a key feature of servant leadership? A. Servant leaders focus on opportunities to help followers grow and develop. B. All cultures picture servant leaders in front of a group, giving orders to followers. C. Servant leaders use power to achieve ends. D. In servant leadership, the focus is on the leader's self-interests. E. Servant leadership is closely related to the trait of narcissism.
A. Servant leaders focus on opportunities to help followers grow and develop.
Team process includes which of the following? A. Team efficacy B. Team diversity C. Adequate resources D. Climate of trust E. Abilities
A. Team efficacy
What is the primary focus of trait theories of leadership? A. The personal qualities and characteristics that lead to leader emergence and leader effectiveness. B. The decision processes of leaders. C. The qualities that give a leader greater power. D. The extent to which leaders influence followers. E. The relationship that leaders create with their followers.
A. The personal qualities and characteristics that lead to leader emergence and leader effectiveness.
Which of the following is an individual factor that impacts levels of political behavior in an organization? A. Unclear performance evaluation system B. Reallocation of resources c D. Low trust E. Democratic decision making
A. Unclear performance evaluation system B. Reallocation of resources C. Organizational investment Your answer is correct. D. Low trust E. Democratic decision making
What does the least preferred coworker (LPC) questionnaire measure? A. Whether a person is task-oriented or relationship-oriented B. Levels of charisma C. Leader's ability to inspire followers to believe in them D. Team effort E. Follower willingness and readiness to be led
A. Whether a person is task-oriented or relationship-oriented
You would use a group rather than an individual for a project when ________. A. accuracy is important B. creativity isn't necessary C. there is a need to conform D. deadlines are short E. speed is important
A. accuracy is important
One weakness of group decision making is ________. A. conformity pressures B. more complete information C. increased diversity of views D. increased participation E. greater solution acceptance
A. conformity pressures
In a group, ________ occurs when individuals are pressured to conform to the group desires, thus squashing critical or differing perspectives. A. groupthink B. group polarization C. group norming D. brainstorming E. groupshift
A. groupthink
Solomon's company had been working to change suppliers for quite some time because thesupplier's rates just kept going up and up. The problem was that the specific parts he needed to make the product were carried by very few suppliers and no other part could be used instead to finish the product. The supplier's power over Solomon's company is based on________. A. nonsubstitutability B. supplier hostage C. initiating structure D. importance of the good E. scarcity
A. nonsubstitutability
In a workgroup, ________. A. skills are random and varied B. accountability is mutual C. goals are collective D. synergy is positive E. synergy is negative
A. skills are random and varied
Sean has been researching the value of teams and has decided the concept of teams makes sense. He has a group of employees in his division who all perform within the curriculum area and have a number of projects that need to be completed. What might be the best type of team for these employees? A. Self-managed B. Problem solving C. Virtual D. Cross-functional E. Multiteam
A. Self-managed
Which of the following statements is true regarding the effect that the size of the group has on the performance of the group? A. Compared to smaller groups, larger groups are better at fact finding. B. If the goal of the group is fact-finding, then smaller groups are more effective than larger groups. C. Larger groups are more productive than smaller groups. D. The size of the group does not affect the group's overall behavior. E. Evidence indicates that larger groups are faster at completing tasks than smaller ones.
A. Compared to smaller groups, larger groups are better at fact finding.
Which of the following most likely causes followers to engage in more organizational citizenship behaviors? A. Ingroup status B. Dependability C. High work ethic D. Trust E. Consistency
A. Ingroup status
Regina had just finished a situational leadership training course and was anxious to put her new knowledge to work as a manager. One of Regina's employees wanted to do a good job, but just didn't have the skills needed yet. What leadership focus would you recommend for Regina? A. Clear specific directions B. High task orientation C. Low relationship orientation D. Set penalties for not accomplishing the goals E. Participative leadership
B. High task orientation
Which one of the following would be considered a leadership neutralizer in a task-oriented leadership environment? A. Professionalism B. Indifference to rewards C. Highly structured tasks D. Cohesive work groups E. Explicit formalized goals
B. Indifference to rewards
What might be one of the outcomes of building trust between leaders and employees? A. Less need for information B. More taking of risks C. Less benevolence D. More goals to aim for E. Less need for groups
B. More taking of risks
Which of the following is NOT a key element relating to team performance? A. A climate of trust B. Significant individual performance incentives C. A reward system that reflects team contributions D. Effective leadership E. Adequate resources
B. Significant individual performance incentives
An example of an informal group would be ________. A. a strategic planning group B. a group of employees that regularly work out together C. a benefits planning group D. the employees in an accounting department E. a boy scout troop
B. a group of employees that regularly work out together
Political behavior ________. A. is never good for an organization B. is outside of normal job requirements C. always needs to be curtailed D. does not use any of the power bases E. is more common in certain types of organizations
B. is outside of normal job requirements
Fiedler's contingency leadership model assumes that ________. A. followers inherently want to be led B. leadership style is essentially fixed C. leadership style must be task-oriented in order to be effective D. the leader has the ability to change their leadership style at will E. leadership style must be people-oriented in order to be effective
B. leadership style is essentially fixed
Two or more interdependent teams that share a superordinate goal are known as ________. A. cross-functional teams B. multiteam systems C. problem solving teams D. self-managed teams E. uni-functional teams
B. multiteam systems
Problem-solving teams are most likely to ________. A. assume responsibility for the outcomes of a solution they implement B. provide recommendations after a discussion among members C. take on numerous supervisory responsibilities D. select their own members and evaluate each other's performance E. implement their ideas unilaterally
B. provide recommendations after a discussion among members
All of the following are characteristics of a servant leader EXCEPT ________. A. persuading B. setting reasonable goals C. accepting stewardship D. developing potential E. listening
B. setting reasonable goals
One of the dimensions discussed in the Fiedler Contingency Model is ________. A. situational issues B. task structure C. contingency plans D. goal-setting E. follower readiness
B. task structure
Which of the following refers to the extent that leaders are likely to define their roles and those of their subordinates when striving to attain goals? A. Employee orientation B. Production orientation C. Initiating structure D. Goal orientation E. Consideration
C. Initiating structure
Anita, a top manager at Z-Tech, has the formal authority to control and use Z-Tech resources because of her hierarchical position at the firm. Given this information, what type of power does Anita most likely have? A. Referent power B. Reward power C. Legitimate power D. Coercive power E. Expert power
C. Legitimate power
Employees exhibiting a ________ are more likely to engage in political behavior. A. narcissistic tendency B. low need for power C. Machiavellian personality D. Type A personality E. low need for achievement
C. Machiavellian personality
Which of the following is a senior employee who sponsors and supports a less-experienced employee? A. Protégé B. Intern C. Mentor D. Confidant E. Apprentice
C. Mentor
Which term refers to the ability to influence others for the purpose of enhancing your own objectives? A. Cultural skill B. Defensive behavior C. Political skill D. Manipulative skill E. Impression management
C. Political skill
The extensive use of work teams primarily benefits organizations by ________. A. generating neutral synergy among all employees of the team B. creating negative synergy through coordinated efforts C. generating a potential for creating greater outputs without increasing inputs. D. developing the various team members' skills such that they are random and varied E. eliminating the need for mutual accountability for results
C. generating a potential for creating greater outputs without increasing inputs.
Which source of power relies on a fear of potential negative outcomes from non-compliance? A. Reward power B. Expert power C. Referent power D. Coercive power E. Legitimate power
D. Coercive power
Which term refers to the extent to which a person's relationships in the workplace are characterized by mutual trust and respect? A. Initiating structure B. Organization orientation C. Production orientation D. Consideration E. Employee orientation
D. Consideration
Which of the following power tactics is generally least effective? A. Rational persuasion B. Inspirational appeal C. Personal appeal D. Pressure E. Consultation
D. Pressure
When does role conflict occur? A. When compliance with the group is an attempt to understand who we are and how we fit into the world B. When compliance with group member expectations is easy C. When agreement exists regarding every individual's roles D. When compliance with one role requirement may make it difficult to comply with another E. When compliance with one role aids our performance in another role
D. When compliance with one role requirement may make it difficult to comply with another
Nathan was recently assigned to lead a team at his company in Brazil. Given his location, Nathan's leadership style would need to be high in ________. A. performance orientation B. initiating structure C. task orientation D. consideration E. autocratic manner
D. consideration
Role ________ is the way others believe you should act in a given context. A. clarity B. conflict C. reversal D. expectation E. perception
D. expectation
The punctuated equilibrium model addresses groups who ________. A. have limited opportunity for interaction B. have less than 4 members C. have more than 4 members D. have specific deadlines E. are task specific
D. have specific deadlines
If cohesiveness is high and performance norms are low, groups tend to have ________. A. inertia B. moderate productivity C. moderate to low productivity D. low productivity E. high productivity
D. low productivity
In a work team, ________. A. synergy is negative B. synergy is neutral C. accountability is individual D. skills are complimentary E. goals focus on shared information
D. skills are complimentary
What type of team consists of groups of employees who perform highly related or interdependent jobs and take on many of the responsibilities of their former supervisors? A. Goal-oriented B. Problem-solving C. Cross-functional D. Self-managed work E. Virtual
D. Self-managed work
The team effectiveness model classifies the key components of effective teams into three general categories: context, composition, and process. Which of the following is an element of the composition category? A. Adequate leadership B. Team efficacy C. Climate of trust D. Abilities of members E. Specific models
D. Abilities of members
Why do virtual teams need to be managed differently than face-to-face teams? A. Because they are easier to manage. B. Because they have little trust. C. They should be managed the same. D. Because there is no accountability. E. Because they do not interact along traditional patterns.
E. Because they do not interact along traditional patterns.
Which one of the following is a benefit to group decision making? A. Minimal need for buy in B. Saving time C. Similar backgrounds D. Less extensive analysis E. Depth of input
E. Depth of input
Which one of these is NOT a test to see if work is better done in a team? A. Are the group members interdependent? B. Does the work create a common purpose? C. Does the project benefit from collective responsibility? D. Can the work be done better by more than one person? E. Is a team more expensive than having an individual do it?
E. Is a team more expensive than having an individual do it?
What is the primary reason that a climate of trust is important to team success? A. It fosters coalitions among members. B. It enables performance to be measured. C. It prevents members from taking risks. D. It stalls cooperation among members. E. It reduces conflict during leadership shifts.
E. It reduces conflict during leadership shifts
Which of the following power tactics is being used when a manager indicates that a request corresponds with a corporate policy or rule? A. Inspirational appeals B. Exchange C. Consultation D. Rational persuasion E. Legitimacy
E. Legitimacy
Which leadership approach would be considered the most passive and ineffective in the full range of leadership model? A. Contingent reward B. Individualized consideration C. Inspirational motivation D. Idealized influence E. Management by exception
E. Management by exception
Which of the following represents the acceptable standards of behavior within a group that are shared by the group's members? A. Roles B. Status C. Conflicts D. Goals E. Norms
E. Norms
Raul is developing a team at work and wants to ensure that the team is as effective as possible. Which one of the following should Raul NOT worry about considering? A. Selecting those with good communication skills. B. Selecting those with good puzzle skills. C. Selecting those with good negotiation skills. D. Rewarding team performance. E. Selecting those with the desire to move up in the company.
E. Selecting those with the desire to move up in the company.
Which of the following is the tendency for individuals to expend less effort when working collectively than alone? A. Social slacking B. Group slacking C. Group loafing D. Social laziness E. Social loafing
E. Social loafing
Helen is trying to decide whether she should simply have one of her assistant managers do a project or whether the project would be better suited to a team. Which one of the following would guide her to choosing a team? A. There is little interdependence required. B. The work is not complex. C. That there is a clear single purpose. D. The project needs to be completed fairly quickly. E. There is a need for different perspectives.
E. There is a need for different perspectives.
In the punctuated equilibrium group development model, at what point does a transition takeplace? A. When most of the time is gone B. Close to the beginning of the project C. During phase 2 D. During phase 1 E. When exactly half the time is gone
E. When exactly half the time is gone
According to research, all of the following traits are most likely associated with effective leadership EXCEPT high levels of ________. A. creativity B. openness to experience C. conscientiousness D. flexibility E. boldness
E. boldness
When cohesiveness is low and performance norms are high, groups tend to have ________. A. low productivity B. inertia C. moderate to low productivity D. high productivity E. moderate productivity
E. moderate productivity
Contingency theories focus on the ________ that impact leadership success. A. ethics and values B. follower variables C. elements of personality D. individual traits E. situational variables
E. situational variables
Personal investment in a group's accomplishments is also known as ________. A. group think B. group favoritism C. group roles D. punctuated equilibrium E. social identity theory
E. social identity theory
Which of the following is a strength of a matrix structure? A. Reduces bureaupathologies B. Facilitates coordination in units C. Focuses on one product or service D. Reduces costs E. Fosters power struggles, which aid creativity
A. Reduces bureaupathologies
A structure within which many of the business functions are outsources would be considered a________ structure. A. virtual B. bureaucratic C. mechanistic D. matrix E. organic
A. virtual
Which of the following is NOT a dimension of the OCP framework? A. Innovation B. Core values C. Decisiveness D. Reward emphasis E. Team orientation
B. Core values
Which term refers to voluntary actions that defy major organizational norms and threaten theorganization's well-being? A. Groupshift B. Deviant behavior C. Groupthink D. Conformity E. Status seeking
B. Deviant behavior
According to the text, the food shortage in countries like Zimbabwe represents what force forchange? A. Nature of the workforce B. Economic shock C. Social trends D. Competition E. Technology
B. Economic shock
According to the text, which of the following is a result of authentic leadership? A. Motivation B. Faith in the leader C. Conscientiousness D. Empathy E. Task focus
B. Faith in the leader
In which bargaining strategy is the goal to create a win-win solution? A. Automated bargaining B. Integrative bargaining C. Collective bargaining D. Distributive bargaining E. Game theory bargaining
B. Integrative bargaining
Which term best describes what happens when two or more parties decide how to allocate scarce resources such as time or money? A. Unionization B. Negotiation C. Integration D. Organization E. Mediation
B. Negotiation
Conflict that focuses on how a task should be accomplished is commonly known as what type of conflict? A. Task B. Process C. Dysfunctional D. Functional E. Relationship
B. Process
What is the final step in Kotter's eight-step plan for implementing change? A. Create a sense of urgency. B. Reinforcing changes by showing the link between new behaviors and organizational success. C. Create a new vision to direct the change. D. Communicating the change vision throughout the organization. E. Consolidate improvements, reassess changes, and make necessary adjustments.
B. Reinforcing changes by showing the link between new behaviors and organizational success.
Charismatic leadership exhibits which of the following traits? A. Excellent goal-setting B. Risk taking C. Ability to multi task D. Average leadership abilities E. Dogmatic perspectives
B. Risk taking
Which of the following refers to expected behavior attributed to someone holding a particular position in a group? A. Conformity B. Role C. Deviant behavior D. Status E. Norm
B. Role
Which force of change has primarily caused many firms to alter their product and marketing strategies to be more environmentally friendly? A. Legal requirements B. Social trends C. Demographic shifts D. Technological developments E. Financial trends
B. Social trends
In which stage of the conflict process do outcomes occur? A. Stage II B. Stage V C. Stage III D. Stage I E. Stage IV
B. Stage V
A sociogram is ________. A. a written communication B. a collection of social networks C. a formal organizational chart D. a text message E. posts on a social network
B. a collection of social networks
In terms of a unit's internal characteristics, dysfunctional conflict may result in ________. A. self-criticism B. a lack of new ideas C. new innovations D. debates between board members E. improved group function
B. a lack of new ideas
A change approach that closely mirrors the scientific approach would be ________. A. Lewin's three-step model B. action research C. Herzberg's two-factor model D. Kotter's eight-step model E. organizational development
B. action research
The mechanistic model of organizational design is synonymous with ________. A. organic models B. bureaucracies C. boundaryless organizations D. minimalist models E. procedural structures
B. bureaucracies
Top management has a major impact on the organization's culture by ________. A. making the best impression that they can during the encounter stage B. establishing norms that filter through the organization C. socializing all new employees D. hiring individuals who will maintain the culture E. determining the appropriate metamorphosis strategy for new hires
B. establishing norms that filter through the organization
As opposed to power, leadership requires ________. A. upward influence B. goal congruence C. dependence D. determination E. specific tactics to gain complianc
B. goal congruence
Organizations should be more organic when the environment is ________. A. high in complexity, high in scarcity, and less dynamic B. high in complexity, high in scarcity, and more dynamic C. low in complexity, high in scarcity, and less dynamic D. low in complexity, low in scarcity, and less dynamic E. high in complexity, low in scarcity, and more dynamic
B. high in complexity, high in scarcity, and more dynamic
A state of allostasis refers to ________. A. a process of finding resources B. shifting demands and resources C. a symbiotic relationship D. compatibility with homostasis E. a balanced equilibrium
B. shifting demands and resources
All of the following are organizational approaches to reducing stress EXCEPT ________. A. redesigning jobs B. social support networks C. employee involvement D. goal-setting E. selection and placement
B. social support networks
Which of the following is a contributing factor with regard to social loafing? A. Heavy workload B. Severe time constraints C. Work ethic D. Difficult task assignments E. Close monitoring of individual efforts by managers
C. Work ethic
Although people with power can behave in a self-serving manner, one study noted that this behavior diminished when ________ was introduced. A. effective communication B. an effective leader C. accountability D. situational consideration E. altruism
C. accountability
Which one of the big five traits has consistently been found to associate most with effectiveleadership? A. judging B. neuroticism C. extraversion D. openness to experience E. perceiving
C. extraversion
Which of the following statements is true regarding a bureaucracy? A. Bureaucracies are characterized by a low degree of formalization. B. Bureaucracies require innovative low-level managers. C. Bureaucracies function well under situations of high uncertainty. D. Bureaucracies can get by with less talented middle- and lower-level managers. E. Bureaucracies tend to result in the duplication of people and equipment.
D. Bureaucracies can get by with less talented middle- and lower-level managers.
Which term refers to who individuals and groups report? A. Specialization B. Span of control C. Departmentalization D. Chain of command E. Formalization
D. Chain of command
Which term refers to a process that begins when one party perceives that another party has or is about to negatively affect something the first party cares about? A. Dysfunction B. Incompatibility C. Collaboration D. Conflict E. Negotiation
D. Conflict
What is the third step of Kotter's eight-step change model? A. Communicate the change vision throughout the organization. B. Create a sense of urgency. C. Communicating the change vision throughout the organization. D. Create a new vision to direct the change. E. Form a coalition with enough power to lead the change.
D. Create a new vision to direct the change.
Which of the following does NOT have an impact on the choice of an organic versus mechanistic structure being the best fit for an organization? A. Cost minimization B. Environment C. Organization size D. Executive experience E. Technology
D. Executive experience
In both work groups and work teams which of the following exists? A. Limited behavioral expectations B. Uncoordinated logistics C. An absence of group dynamics D. Generation of ideas E. An absence of decision making
D. Generation of ideas
A strong organizational culture does which of the following? A. Varies widely in opinions about the culture B. Lowers agreement within the organization C. Eliminates the need for widely shared values D. Increases loyalty E. Reduces cohesiveness
D. Increases loyalty
Stage III of the conflict process includes which of the following? A. Behavior B. Potential opposition C. Outcomes D. Intentions E. Cognition and personalization
D. Intentions
Which one of the following would be a psychological symptom of stress? A. Loss of productivity B. Poor appetite C. Increased heart rate D. Irritability E. Headaches
D. Irritability
Which of the following is true of the simple structure? A. It is expensive to operate. B. Accountability is often difficult to determine. C. It is characterized by low risk. D. It becomes increasingly inadequate as an organization grows. E. It is common in large businesses.
D. It becomes increasingly inadequate as an organization grows.
Which of the following is true of distributive bargaining? A. It is rarely used in labor negotiations. B. It focuses on long-term relationships. C. It involves high information sharing. D. It operates under zero-sum conditions. E. It attempts to create a win-win situation
D. It operates under zero-sum conditions.
The concepts of initiating structure and consideration, as they apply to leadership theory, originated from studies conducted at ________. A. Boston University B. Purdue University C. Harvard University D. Ohio State E. Stanford University
D. Ohio State
According to the text, in terms of cross-culture negotiation, which Big Five personality trait might be most important? A. Conscientiousness B. Agreeableness C. Extroversion D. Openness E. Neuroticism
D. Openness
Of the following, which power tactic is most effective when an audience is highly invested in the result of a decision? A. Personal appeals B. Ingratiation C. Pressure D. Rational persuasion E. Coalitions
D. Rational persuasion
Which of the following power tactics involves using logic and facts to prove that a request is reasonable? A. Consultation B. Exchange C. Inspirational appeals D. Rational persuasion E. Personal appeals
D. Rational persuasion
Which type of power base generates compliance because of its positive benefits? A. Legitimate power B. Referent power C. Coercive power D. Reward power E. Expert power
D. Reward power
Which of the following is typically a characteristic of the mechanistic model of organization? A. Decentralized management B. Low specialization C. Low formalization D. Rigid departmentalization E. Low span of control
D. Rigid departmentalization
In bargaining, the area between the target point and the resistance point is known as the________. A. mid-point B. zero sum C. range of distribution D. aspiration range E. optimal range
D. aspiration range
All of the following are true about culture EXCEPT ________. A. culture acts as a social glue B. culture conveys a sense of identity C. culture helps employees make sense of the organization D. culture stems from middle management E. culture defines boundaries
D. culture stems from middle management
Cultural factors that shape an organization's structure are known as ________. A. adaptors B. touchpoints C. matrix factors D. institutions E. force fields
D. institutions
In terms of an organization's culture, the size of executive offices and the types of cars top executives are given are examples of ________. A. stories B. corporate philosophy C. visual language D. symbols E. rituals
D. symbols
What personality trait appears to be associated with positive negotiation outcomes? A. Neuroticism B. Anxiety C. Introversion D. Self-efficacy E. Agreeableness
D. Self-efficacy
In a negotiation, which emotion exhibited by a counterpart might gain the negotiator additionalconcessions? A. Disappointment B. Neuroticism C. Sadness D. Ambivalence E. Happiness
D. Ambivalence
One main benefit of a virtual structure is ________. A. the ability to be in flux B. increased political behavior C. that it is well suited to creative entrepreneurs D. that it breaks down geographical boundaries E. flexibility
E. flexibility
A strong organizational culture ________. A. limits stability B. creates competition problems C. has many subcultures D. has only minimal financial impact E. has widely shared values
E. has widely shared values
Creating team players includes all of the following EXCEPT ________. A. rewarding team behavior B. including purposeful team training C. training on cognitive aspects D. encouraging camaraderie E. hiring the most skilled workers
E. hiring the most skilled workers
Workplace spirituality focuses on ________. A. religious ceremonies B. rituals C. rites D. theology E. nourishing the inner life of a person
E. nourishing the inner life of a person
A repetitive sequence of activities that helps to reinforce values within an organization is known as a ________. A. process B. coping strategy C. philosophy D. symbol E. ritual
E. ritual
In the case of distributive bargaining, the ________ point represents the goal that a person is seeking to achieve from the negotiation. A. focal B. acceptance C. distribution D. resistance E. target
E. target
The team effectiveness model classifies the key components of effective teams into three general categories: context, composition, and process. Which of the following is an element of the process and states category? A. Conflict B. Adequate resources C. Diversity of members D. Allocation of roles E. Size of team
A. Conflict
In the punctuated equilibrium model, what action occurs immediately after the first meeting of the group, which sets the direction? A. Inertia and slower progress B. A second phase of inertia C. Accelerated activity D. Major changes E. A transition to the half way point
A. Inertia and slower progress
Who developed an eight-step model to manage organizational change that includes forming a coalition with enough power to lead a change? A. John Kotter B. David McClelland C. Kurt Lewin D. Douglas McGregor E. Abraham Maslow
A. John Kotter
Which one of the following focuses on reasoning and persuasion in a negotiation? A. Mediator B. Counselor C. Arbitrator D. Negotiator E. Conciliator
A. Mediator
Which of the following is an individual factor that impacts levels of political behavior in anorganization? A. Perceived job alternatives B. Declining resources C. Type B personality D. Opportunity for promotions E. Organizational downsizing
A. Perceived job alternatives
Which of the following actions most likely decreases employee motivation for risk taking andinnovation? A. Rewarding the lack of failure rather than the accomplishment of success B. Offering long management tenures C. Using an organic structure D. Encouraging experimentation E. Increasing interaction across department lines
A. Rewarding the lack of failure rather than the accomplishment of success
What might be a reason a firm would downsize? A. So they can focus on core competencies and changing customer preferences B. Flexibility C. To create structural matches D. Improved communication E. So that they can focus on profits
A. So they can focus on core competencies and changing customer preferences
Which structure removes vertical and horizontal boundaries? A. Team B. Virtual C. Departmental D. Matrix E. Circular
A. Team
Negative and dysfunctional values in a corporation fall under what type of cultural liability? A. Toxicity B. Barriers to diversity C. Barriers to change D. Institutionalization E. Spirituality
A. Toxicity
Which term refers to the extent to which tasks in an organization are subdivided into separatejobs? A. Work specialization B. Formalization C. Departmentalization D. Span of control E. Centralization
A. Work specialization
Spotify uses a unique system of ________. A. agile matrices B. virtual structures C. circular structures D. team structures E. bureaucratic structures
A. agile matrices
The most effective way to build trust in a negotiation is to ________. A. behave honestly B. defend your position C. be forceful D. repeat the points E. bring in additional insight
A. behave honestly
Repeated negotiations can do all of the following EXCEPT ________. A. build distributive approaches B. move negotiations toward what is good for the whole C. build trust D. build integrative approaches E. offer an opportunity to return favors
A. build distributive approaches
A systematic effort to make an organization leaner and more flexible is best described as________. A. downsizing B. restructuring C. value processing D. core analysis E. mechanisti
A. downsizing
Loci of conflict includes intragroup conflict, intergroup conflict, and ________ conflict. A. dyadic B. task C. complicating D. relationship E. process
A. dyadic
A structure that groups specialties or tasks would be referred to as a ________ structure. A. functional B. divisional C. simple D. bureaucratic E. matrix
A. functional
All of the following are potential negative impacts of work overspecialization EXCEPT________. A. poor communication B. poor quality C. fatigue D. stress E. boredom
A. poor communication
Idea champions display characteristics included in ________ leadership. A. transformational B. laissez-faire C. transactional D. autocratic E. management by objectives
A. transformational
Creating effective teams involves ________. A. hiring people with the potential to fit in B. hiring from within C. hiring within a specified payscale D. hiring the best talent no matter what E. hiring those willing to work hard
A. hiring people with the potential to fit in
The general dependence postulate argues that ____________________. A. power is a function of dependence and need B. the greater B's dependence on A, the more power A has over B C. the greater A's dependence on B, the more power A has over B D. the greater A's dependence on B, the less power B has. E. the greater B's independence, the more power A has over B
B. the greater B's dependence on A, the more power A has over B
What type of team is made up of employees from about the same hierarchical level but different work areas who come together to accomplish a task? A. Goal-oriented B. Cross-functional C. Problem solving D. Self-managed E. Virtual
B. Cross-functional
Which force for change would be represented by the COVID-19 global pandemic? A. Social trends B. World politics C. Nature of the workforce D. Competition E. Technology
B. World politics
What might be a drawback of a narrow span of control? A. The organization increases flexibility. B. The organization saves money. C. Communication is more complex. D. The organization speeds up decision making. E. The organization is more efficient.
C. Communication is more complex.
When it comes to leaders in top management teams, which personality trait was found to associate with effectiveness in terms of driving organizational performance? A. Openness to experience B. Perception C. Conscientiousness D. Neuroticism E. Extraversion
C. Conscientiousness
Which source of power stems from having unique skills or knowledge? A. Reward power B. Coercive power C. Expert power D. Referent power E. Legitimate power
C. Expert power
Which of the following is true of a narrow span of control? A. Narrow spans are more efficient in terms of costs. B. Employee performance suffers. C. It is expensive because it creates more layers of management. D. It speeds decision making. E. Horizontal communication is more complex.
C. It is expensive because it creates more layers of management.
The simple structure organizational design features which of the following? A. High level of work specialization B. Narrow spans of control C. Little formalization D. High degree of departmentalization E. Decentralized authority
C. Little formalization
Which of the following types of organizational designs combines two forms ofdepartmentalization, functional and product? A. Virtual structure B. Boundaryless structure C. Matrix structure D. Simple structure E. Bureaucracy
C. Matrix structure
Which term refers to the thoughts that employees have about the work environment within theorganization? A. Institutionalization B. Organizational development C. Organizational climate D. Corporate culture E. Organizational culture
C. Organizational climate
Which type of resistance to change is easiest for management to address? A. Overt and implicit B. Implicit and deferred C. Overt and immediate D. Overt and deferred E. Implicit and immediate
C. Overt and immediate
Stage I of the conflict process includes which of the following? A. Cognition and personalization B. Behavior C. Potential opposition D. Intentions E. Outcomes
C. Potential opposition
The worldview of ethical business that endorses the supremacy of anonymous market forces focuses on valuing what? A. Familiar relationships B. Social relationships C. Profit maximization D. Rigid hiring practices E. Social environment
C. Profit maximization
Which of the following does NOT foster a more ethical culture? A. Rewarding ethical behavior B. Communicating expectations C. Promoting those with the highest sales D. Providing ethics training E. Being a visible role model
C. Promoting those with the highest sales
A positive culture does which of the following? A. Emphasizes getting rid of dead wood within the organization B. Limits outside activities to keep everyone focused C. Rewards more than punishes D. Requires a spiritual culture E. Sees the position as a job that needs to be done
C. Rewards more than punishes
Which of the following is primarily an individual source of resistance to change? A. Group inertia B. Limited focus of change C. Security D. Structural inertia E. Threat to group expertise
C. Security
Which force for change relates to how consumers want more personalized experiences? A. Nature of the workforce B. Economic shocks C. Social trends D. Competition E. World politics
C. Social trends
In order to help sustain culture, which of the following is particularly important? A. Laws B. Rules C. Socializationmethods D. Process improvement E. Termination processes
C. Socializationmethods
In which stage of the conflict process do personal variables factor in? A. Stage IV B. Stage II C. Stage I D. Stage V E. Stage III
C. Stage I
Which method of learning about an organization's culture typically includes narratives about reactions to past mistakes, reductions in workforce, and organizational coping? A. Formal training B. Rituals C. Stories D. Symbols E. Language
C. Stories
What is the original source of culture in an organization? A. The board of directors B. The culture of the local community C. The founders D. The environment E. The executive team
C. The founders
Role perception is best defined as ________. A. a discrepancy between how you think you are supposed to act and how others believe you should act B. a person becoming aware of the significance of other group members C. our view of how we are supposed to act in a given situation D. the way others believe we should act in a given context E. acceptable standards of behavior shared by group members
C. our view of how we are supposed to act in a given situation
Stage V of the conflict process primarily includes ________. A. cognition and personalization B. behavior C. outcomes D. intentions E. potential opposition
C. outcomes
Power which has been turned into action by someone is described as ________. A. unproductive B. less likely to create issues C. politics D. dangerous E. harassment
C. politics
An extended voluntary leave is also known as a ________ A. sick leave accumulation B. vacation C. sabbatical D. wellness program E. time accrual
C. sabbatical
What is one impact of status on norms? A. High-status individuals are expected to stick to norms more than other group members. B. Low-status individuals are often given more freedom to deviate from norms than are other group members. C. High-status individuals may receive more freedom than other group members to deviate from norms. D. Status and norms are unrelated. E. Those in a minority status tend to be held less to the norms of the overall group.
C. High-status individuals may receive more freedom than other group members to deviate from norms.
In terms of a unit's internal characteristics, functional conflict is typically characterized by________. A. harmony B. resistance to change C. self-criticism D. chaos E. apathy
C. self-criticism
Which of the following is true? A. Organizational culture is an evaluative rather than descriptive term B. Organizational culture never changes C. Organizational culture is a descriptive rather than evaluative term D. Organizational culture s always changing E. Organizational culture is always driven by geographc location
C. Organizational culture is a descriptive rather than evaluative term
According to the text, one study noted that those who start with low status and then gain power ________. A. work harder to achieve power B. are less likely to abuse power C. are more likely to abuse power D. deal more effectively with power E. gain power faster than those of a higher status
C. are more likely to abuse power
In negotiation, BATNA is ________. A. the best alternative to a negative arrangment B. the bottom agreeable in a negotiated agreement C. the bottom acceptable threshold in a negotiated agreement D. the best alternative to a negotiated agreement E. the best alternative to a negotiated arrangement
D. the best alternative to a negotiated agreement
According to the text, an employee who has low identification with their organization may experience ________. A. limited feedback B. limited opportunities C. higher OCB D. social identity crisis E. decreased satisfaction
E. decreased satisfaction
Which term refers to individuals who tailor change to fit the preferences of organizational members in an attempt to reduce resistance? A. Early adopter B. Innovation manager C. Change process consultant D. Late mover E. Change agent
E. Change agent
A structure within which executives, managers, specialists, and workers are broken out is commonly known as what type of structure? A. Functional B. Departmental C. Matrix D. Virtual E. Circular
E. Circular
Which power tactic relies on the support of others to persuade an individual to comply? A. Ingratiation B. Personal appeal C. Exchange D. Pressure E. Coalition
E. Coalition
The Asch studies concentrated on what concept about norms? A. Reference groups B. Group calibration C. Emotions D. Socialization outside of work E. Conformity
E. Conformity
As opposed to leadership, power requires ________. A. goal congruence B. goal compatibility C. downward influence D. communication E. dependence
E. dependence
Which of the following statements is true regarding the establishment of the organizational culture and its effects on the organization? A. In a virtual organization, a strong culture can be established quickly and easily. B. The trend toward decentralized organizations makes it is easier to establish a strong culture. C. Strong cultures reduce the stability of the social system in an organization. D. Employees organized in teams always show greater allegiance to the values of the organization as a whole than to their team and its values. E. Culture acts as a control mechanism and guides the behavior of employees.
E. Culture acts as a control mechanism and guides the behavior of employees.
Which of the following is the second step in the negotiation process? A. Preparing and planning B. Clarifying and justifying C. Bargaining and problem solving D. Creating closure E. Defining ground rules
E. Defining ground rules
Who developed a three-step model to manage organizational change that includesunfreezing, movement, and refreezing? A. Fred Fiedler B. Abraham Maslow C. John Kotter D. Douglas McGregor E. Kurt Lewin
E. Kurt Lewin
In what type of organization do subcultures tend to develop? A. New organizations B. Small organizations C. Organizations with a lot of millennial workers D. Organizations with weak cultures E. Large organizations
E. Large organizations
Pressures placed on a person based on a position within the organization would be what kind of demand factor? A. Allostatic B. Homeostatic C. Task D. Interpersonal E. Role
E. Role
Which one of the following would NOT be an individual difference that impacts how someone deals with stress? A. Social support B. Personality traits C. Perception D. Job experience E. Sexual harassment
E. Sexual harassment
What principle focuses on having just one supervisor? A. Formalization B. Authority C. Departmentalization D. Chain of command E. Unity of command
E. Unity of command
In what situation can culture be a liability? A. When the environment is static B. When management within the organization has little experience C. When the organization is centralized D. When communication within the oganization is efficient E. When the shared values don't agree with those that further the organization's effectiveness
E. When the shared values don't agree with those that further the organization's effectiveness
A stressor associated with time urgency is also known as a ___ A. hindrance stressor B. personal stressor C. workplace stressor D. responsibility stressor E. challenge stressor
E. challenge stressor
Kotter listed a number of mistakes that managers make during the change process including________. A. failing to have the proper milestones B. failing to unfreeze C. failing to refreeze D. creating a sense of urgency E. claiming victory too soon
E. claiming victory too soon
Pauline remembered when she first started at her current company 8 years ago. When she first came, she heard about how the CEO had taken everyone's family to a local park for a picnic and the many times when parents had been able to go home to take care of sick children. Ever since, Pauline has valued the family-friendly environment of her employer and had stuck with the company in large part because of this philosophy. This is an example of how culture is ________. A. processed B. broken down C. categorized D. changed E. transmitted
E. transmitted
According to the text, how much money did a wellness program save Johnson & Johnson over 10 years? A. $500,000 B. $25 million C. $1.2 million D. $2.5 million E. $250 million
E. $250 million
Overall, what percentage of women worldwide claimed they have been sexually harassed? A. 17.5% B. 93% C. 54% D. 25% E. 35%
E. 35%
According to one survey, what percentage of our stress is caused by the workplace? A. 90% B. 36% C. 28% D. 42% E. 61%
E. 61%
Which of the following is NOT an example of a current change that organizations have to adapt to? A. Economic issues B. Shifting social trends C. Global competition D. Technology developments E. . Decreased organizational diversity
E. . Decreased organizational diversity
The team effectiveness model classifies the key components of effective teams into three general categories: context, composition, and process. Which of the following is an element of the context category? A. Size of team B. Specific models C. Team efficacy D. Abilities of members E. Climate
E. Climate
What is the explicit goal of the selection process? A. To identify and hire individuals who will have a long tenure with the organization B. To find as many candidates for a position as possible C. To ensure that job candidates are honest in resumes and interviews D. To find candidates who get along persoanlly with exisiting organization members E. To identify and hire individuals who will perform successfully
E. To identify and hire individuals who will perform successfully
