Micro Assessment #4 (Practice Questions)
Which statement is true about the incidence of multiple sclerosis? a. The age of onset ranges from 20 to 50 years. b. MS is more common in men than women. c. There is a higher incidence of MS in military veterans. d. There is a higher rate of MS in African-Americans.
ANS: A
Which serum biomarker(s) are indicative of irreversible damage to myocardial cells? a. Elevated CK-MB, troponin I, and troponin T b. Markedly decreased CK-MB and troponin I c. Elevated LDL d. Prolonged coagulation time
ANS: A
A level of ____ on the Glasgow Coma Scale indicates likely fatal damage. a. 3 b. 8 c. 12 d. 15
ANS: A
A patient with a history of myocardial infarction continues to complain of intermittent chest pain brought on by exertion and relieved by rest. The likely cause of this pain is a. stable angina. b. myocardial infarction. c. coronary vasospasm. d. unstable angina.
ANS: A
Constrictive pericarditis is associated with a. impaired cardiac filling. b. cardiac hypertrophy c. increased cardiac preload d. elevated myocardial oxygen consumption
ANS: A
Dysfunction of which organ would lead to clotting factor deficiency? a. Liver b. Kidney c. Spleen d. Pancreas
ANS: A
Hypertension is closely linked to a. obstructive sleep apnea. b. urinary tract infection. c. de Quervain syndrome. d. spinal stenosis.
ANS: A
Intracranial pressure normally ranges from ______ mmHg. a. 0 to 15 b. 10 to 20 c. 15 to 25 d. 20 to 30
ANS: A
Left-sided heart failure is characterized by a. pulmonary congestion. b. decreased systemic vascular resistance. c. jugular vein distention. d. peripheral edema.
ANS: A
The dementia of Alzheimer's disease is associated with structural changes in the brain, including a. deposition of amyloid plaques in the brain. b. degeneration of basal ganglia. c. hypertrophy of frontal lobe neurons. d. significant aluminum deposits in the brain.
ANS: A
The physiologic change most likely to lead to an increase in intracranial pressure is a. cerebral vasodilation. b. hypernatremia. c. respiratory hyperventilation. d. REM sleep
ANS: A
What effect do demyelinating disorders such as multiple sclerosis have on neurotransmission? a. Slower rate of action potential conduction b. Increased rate of action potential conduction c. Facilitation of action potential initiation d. Faster rate of repolarization
ANS: A
Which causes vasoconstriction? a. Norepinephrine b. Calcium channel blocker c. Adrenergic antagonist d. Acetylcholine
ANS: A
Which is not considered to be a risk factor for thrombus formation? a. Thrombocytopenia b. Vascular trauma c. Stasis of blood flow d. Circulatory shock
ANS: A
While hospitalized, an elderly patient with a history of myocardial infarction was noted to have high levels of low-density lipoproteins (LDLs). What is the significance of this finding? a. Increased LDL levels are associated with increased risk of coronary artery disease. b. Measures to decrease LDL levels in the elderly would be unlikely to affect the progression of this disease. c. Increased LDL levels are indicative of moderate alcohol intake, and patients should be advised to abstain. d. Elevated LDL levels are an expected finding in the elderly and therefore are not particularly significant.
ANS: A
The most common causes of heart failure are (Select all that apply.) a. myocardial ischemia. b. hypertension. c. dilated cardiomyopathy. d. high-fat diet. e. urinary retention.
ANS: A, B
Acute coronary syndrome in the presence of thrombosis may present as (Select all that apply.) a. unstable angina. b. MI. c. sudden cardiac arrest. d. bleeding. e. hypovolemia
ANS: A, B, C
One of the cardinal features of sickle cell anemia includes acute and chronic dysfunction of which organs? (Select all that apply.) a. Spleen b. Bones c. Brain d. Lungs e. Stomach
ANS: A, B, C, D
It can be explained to a patient that high blood pressure increases the risk of (Select all that apply.). a. stroke b. renal disease c. diabetes d. ischemic heart disease e. liver disease
ANS: A, B, D
Which conditions are risk factors for the development of cerebral palsy? (Select all that apply.) a. Birth trauma b. Seizure disorder c. Kernicterus d. Prenatal maternal infection. e. Scoliosis
ANS: A, C, D
A severe complication of elevated intracranial pressure is a. Cushing reflex. b. brain herniation. c. burr hole. d. hydrocephalus
ANS: B
Disseminated intravascular coagulation may be treated with heparin therapy to a. enhance fibrinolysis. b. inhibit clotting factor consumption. c. activate platelets. d. enhance liver synthesis of clotting factors
ANS: B
Peripheral edema is a result of a. arterial insufficiency b. venous thrombosis. c. hypertension. d. atherosclerosis.
ANS: B
Pernicious anemia is caused by a lack of a. iron. b. intrinsic factor. c. folate. d. erythropoietin.
ANS: B
Primary treatment for myocardial infarction (MI) is directed at a. protecting the heart from further ischemia. b. decreasing myocardial oxygen demands. c. reducing heart rate and blood pressure. d. activating the parasympathetic system
ANS: B
The cause of the most common form of anemia is a. acute bleeding. b. iron deficiency. c. protein malnutrition. d. chronic disease.
ANS: B
The classic manifestations of Parkinson's disease include a. intention tremor and akinesia. b. rest tremor and skeletal muscle rigidity. c. ataxia and intention tremor. d. skeletal muscle rigidity and intention tremor.
ANS: B
The common denominator in all forms of heart failure is a. poor diastolic filling. b. reduced cardiac output. c. pulmonary edema. d. tissue ischemia.
ANS: B
The conversion of plasminogen to plasmin results in a. clot retraction. b. fibrinolysis. c. platelet aggregation. d. activation of thrombin
ANS: B
The most reliable indicator that a person is experiencing an acute myocardial infarction (MI)is a. severe, crushing chest pain. b. ST-segment elevation. c. dysrhythmias. d. pain radiating to the lower legs
ANS: B
Which blood pressure reading is considered to be indicative of prehypertension according to the JNC-7 criteria? a. 118/78 b. 128/82 c. 140/88 d. 138/94
ANS: B
Widespread activation of the clotting cascade secondary to massive trauma is called a. hemophilia B. b. disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). c. Hageman disease. d. idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura.
ANS: B
Which diseases may be associated with a bleeding problem? (Select all that apply.) a. Urinary retention b. Renal failure c. Cirrhosis d. Systemic lupus erythematosus e. Ovarian cancer
ANS: B, C, D, E
A low mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and mean corpuscular volume(MCV) are characteristic of which type of anemia? a. Vitamin B12 deficiency b. Folate deficiency c. Iron deficiency d. Erythropoietin deficiency
ANS: C
A tool used to assess levels of consciousness is a. magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). b. intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring. c. Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). d. central perfusion pressure (CPP).
ANS: C
Activation of the extrinsic pathway of coagulation is initiated by a. platelet factors. b. collagen exposure. c. tissue thromboplastin. d. factor VII.
ANS: C
After sitting in a chair for an hour, an elderly patient develops moderate lower extremity edema. His edema is most likely a consequence of a. arterial obstruction. b. isolated left-sided heart failure. c. right-sided heart failure. d. peripheral vascular disease
ANS: C
Before making a diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. a brain biopsy demonstrating organic changes is necessary. b. biochemical tests for aluminum toxicity must be positive. c. other potential causes of dementia must be ruled out. d. increased protein is found in a lumbar puncture.
ANS: C
Hypertension with a specific, identifiable cause is known as _____ hypertension. a. primary b. orthostatic c. secondary d. malignant
ANS: C
Orthostatic hypotension may be a manifestation of a. Alzheimer's disease b. Multiple sclerosis. c. Parkinson's disease. d. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
ANS: C
Restriction of which electrolytes is recommended in the management of high blood pressure? a. Calcium b. Potassium c. Sodium d. Magnesium
ANS: C
The first indication of brain compression from increasing intracranial pressure (ICP) may be a. decorticate posturing. b. absence of verbalization. c. sluggish pupil response to light. d. Glasgow Coma Scale score of 13
ANS: C
Which group of clinical findings indicates the poorest neurologic functioning? a. Spontaneous eye opening, movement to command, oriented to self only b. Eyes open to light touch on shoulder, pupils briskly reactive to light bilaterally c. Assumes decorticate posture with light touch, no verbal response d. No eye opening, responds to painful stimulus by withdrawing
ANS: C
A serious complication of deep vein thrombosis is a. stroke. b. hypertensive crisis. c. extremity necrosis. d. pulmonary embolus.
ANS: D
Acceleration-deceleration movements of the head often result in polar injuries in which a. injury is localized to the site of initial impact. b. widespread neuronal damage is incurred. c. bleeding from venules fills the subdural space. d. focal injuries occur in two places at opposite poles
ANS: D
Low cardiac output to the kidneys stimulates the release of _____ from juxtaglomerular cells. a. aldosterone b. norepinephrine c. angiotensinogen d. renin
ANS: D
Parkinson's disease is associated with a. demyelination of CNS neurons. b. a pyramidal nerve tract lesion. c. insufficient production of acetylcholine in the basal ganglia. d. a deficiency of dopamine in the substantia nigra
ANS: D
Seizures that involve both hemispheres at the outset are termed a. partial. b. complex. c. focal. d. generalized
ANS: D
The final step in clot formation is a. conversion of prothrombin to thrombin b. platelet degranulation and adhesion. c. conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin. d. clot retraction.
ANS: D
The goal of long-term heparin for the management of a deep vein thrombosis is to a. relieve edema. b. prevent clot dislodgement. c. dissolve the thrombus. d. prevent further clot formation.
ANS: D
The majority of cardiac cells that die after myocardial infarction do so because of a. cell rupture. b. insufficient glucose. c. thrombus. d. apoptosis.
ANS: D
The megakaryocyte is a precursor to a. factor IX. b. white blood cells. c. red blood cells. d. platelets.
ANS: D
TRUE or FALSE: Vaccination for pneumococcal pneumonia should be performed before 1 year of age inpatients with sickle cell anemia.
ANS: False
TRUE or FALSE: The ingestion of certain drugs, foods, or chemicals can lead to secondary hypertension.
ANS: True