Micro Ch 22

Acid level

0-7

Name and describe the three categories of heterotrophic bacteria.

1. obligate saprophytes: only survive on dead or decaying matter 2. obligate parasites: completely dependent on living host (viruses, viroids, prions) 3. Facultative bacteria: can adapt to different sources of nutrition

Symbiosis

2 or more species live closely together

Cyanobacteria produce ____ % of the Earth's oxygen

20

The human body is up to ____% water

60

Base

8-14

Where is that bacterium located in the human body?

??

Which bacterium has an optimum pH at pH 1?

Helicobacter pylori

Placing remains in a refrigerated unit slows the growth of which type of bacteria?

Mesophilic bacteria

Synergism

action of 2 organisms produces effect neither could produce alone (bacteria in mouth not harmful, but when forced into tissues through a bite, can be very destructive)

autotrophic

bacteria make their own nutrients through photosynthesis (self-feeding) produce 20% of Earth's oxygen.

Mutualism

both species benefit (E Coli in human intestine, Bacterium gets good environment, produce vitamins and break down cellulose in food for human host)

Aerotolerant

can grow in presence of absence of oxygen (strep throat, rheumatic fever, scarlet fever)

Obligate anaerobe

cannot survive in presence of oxygen (Listeria, Clostridium botulinum in food poisoning)

Facultative

capable of adjusting to changes of oxygen levels

Agonal Algor

cooled before death

What genus of bacteria is commonly associated with secondary infections in burn patients?

heterotrophic

Agonal fever

may have had fever before death

Obligate aerobe

must have oxygen to metabolize sugars to make energy, (Escherichia coli, Campylobacter jejuni in intestine)

Commensalism

one benefits, the other unaffected (bacteria on skin)

Antagonism

one inhibits growth of the other (normal microbia inhibit bacteria; Ilactobacilli in vagina cause it to be acidic and inhibits other bacteria from growing there)

Parasitism

parasite benefits, host is harmed (human parasites include bacteria, fungi, viruses, protozoa, worms)

Psychrophile

prefer cold (0 deg c - 25 deg c ----- 32 deg F - 77 deg F)

Thermophile

prefer high temperature (40 deg c - 70 deg c ----- 104 deg F - 158 deg F)

Mesophile

prefer moderate temperature (25 deg c - 40 deg c ----- 77 deg F - 104 deg F)

Heterotrophic

require food from carbon source (cannot make their own food) - causes of many diseases in humans (commonly associated with secondary infections in burn patients)

Microaerophilic

require little free oxygen (meningitis, gonorrhea, stomach ulcers)

Hypertonic

solution contains high concentrations of solute (like salt) - water drawn out of bacterium, cell membrane draws away from cell wall, kills bacterium, why salts and sugar can be used to preserve some foods)

Hypotonic

solution contains less solute than inside bacterium (bacterium can swell, may not burst because of cell wall)

Isotonic

solution contains same amount of solute as inside bacterium (optimal)

obligate

strict