Micro ch.1 Q's

Today, the bacteria added to some fermented milk products are advertised as _______.

probiotics

Archaea, like bacteria, are single-celled _____ , Correct Unavailable that multiply via the process of ______ ____.

prokaryotes binary fission

What does the scientific name of an organism include?

Genus & Species

Without microorganisms, substances required for human life such as O2 and organic nitrogen would ______. accumulate run out be degraded

Run out

All of the following statements about smallpox are true except one. Which? Smallpox was carried to the Americas by Europeans Smallpox killed about one-third of those infected Smallpox has been eliminated from nature Smallpox is caused by bacteria

Smallpox is caused by bacteria

Cervical cancer caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV) can be prevented by a(n) ______. vaccine chemotherapy antibiotic radiation therapy

Vaccine

Which of the following statements is true regarding viruses?

Viruses are nonliving. Viruses are acellular. Viruses consist of nucleic acid and protein.

Which of the following about microorganisms is true? They are always harmful. We could not survive without them. They have killed far fewer people than have been killed in wars.

We could not survive without them.

Which of the following are eukaryotes? Viruses Algae Archea Fungi Bacteria Helminths protozoa

algae, protozoa, fungi, helminths

Viruses are ______. made of DNA and RNA only single-celled organisms obligate intracellular agents in the domain Archaea made of protein only

obligate intracellular agents

A(n) ____ is the term used for any disease-causing microorganism.

pathogen

In addition to chlorophyll, some algae have other ____, which give them their characteristic colors.

pigments or compounds

Which of the following describes how fungi gain energy? They degrade organic materials. They are all parasitic (benefit at the expense of the host). They are photosynthetic. They manufacture their own carbohydrates.

They degrade organic materials.

Is this TRUE OR FALSE We could not survive without microorganisms, but they can also be harmful.

IT IS TRUE!

What is the only shared feature of all microbes? Prokaryotic cell type Cell wall structure Ability to cause disease Small size

Small size

Although laboratory stocks of the causative agent still exist, humans have eliminated which of the following diseases? tuberculosis smallpox Lyme disease bubonic plague polio

Smallpox

The concept of living things arising from vital forces in non-living or decomposing materials was known as which of the following? Spontaneous generation Germ theory of disease Deductive reasoning Biogenesis

Spontaneous Generation REASONS: The germ theory of disease refers to the theory that diseases are caused by microorganisms. Deductive reasoning is a problem-solving process in which a hypotheses is tested though experimentation. Biogenesis refers to the idea that life can only arise from life.

You are reading a newspaper article and you see the name of a bacterium written as: bacillus anthracis. You write to the editor telling them that this is an incorrect scientific notation because the full name should be in ____ , or underlined, and there needs to be an upper-case letter ____.

blank 1- italics blank 2- B

Peptidoglycan is found in the ______.

cell walls of bacteria

Which of the following can be characteristics of algae? parasitic eukaryotic photosynthetic prokaryotic multicellular acellular unicellular

eukaryotic photosynthetic multicellular unicellular

Plague is a _______.

bacterial disease that can be transmitted by fleas

An outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease in England was controlled by ______. destroying infected potatoes vaccinating the human population destroying millions of pig, sheep, and cattle treating patients with antibiotics

destroying millions of pig, sheep, and cattle

Fungi are a diverse group of eukaryotes. Those that are studied by microbiologists include the unicellular ______, and the multicellular filamentous _____.

yeast & mold

This figure shows the two main forms of microscopic fungi. Panel A depicts a(n) , and panel B highlights a(n) .

A) Yeast B) Mold

Membrane-bound organelles are only found in the cell type called a(n)

Eukaryote/ Eukaryotic / Eukarya

_______ showed that flasks containing various broths gave rise to microorganisms even when the flasks were boiled and sealed with a cork. John Needham Lazzaro Spallanzani Francesco Redi Louis Pasteur

John Needham

Compared to the range of types of plants and animals, microbes as a group are ______. equivalent in diversity less diverse more diverse

More diverse

Organisms that populate the human body and which protect it from disease are termed normal_____.

microbiota, flora, biota, microflora, or resident microbiota

_______ killed more people in 1918-1919 than died in World Wars I and II and the Korean, Vietnam, and Iraq wars combined. Pneumonia Influenza Ebola Tuberculosis

Influenza

Which defines spontaneous generation? Life arose from living matter. Organisms continuously evolve. Life arose from non-living matter.

Life arose from non-living matter.

In general, disease-causing organisms are referred to as which of the following? animalcules bacteria microorganisms pathogens

pathogens

______are a large group of photosynthetic eukaryotes that includes the multicellular seaweeds and many single-celled forms.

Algea

All of the following are common characteristics of algae EXCEPT ______. a cell wall a nucleus peptidoglycan chloroplasts flagella

Peptidoglycan

Which of the following are manufactured by microbial fermentation? Multiple Answers! Ice cream Fresh milk Yogurt Cheese Beer

YOGURT CHEESE BEER

Algae and protozoa are also referred to as _____, a diverse group that falls within the domain Eukarya.

protists

Because they are often caused by a Helicobacter pylori infection, most stomach ulcers are treatable with ______. antacids antibiotics surgery a vaccine

antibiotics

Which of the following can cause an infectious disease to reemerge? parents refusing to vaccinate their children increasing rates of vaccination increased funding for public health programs pathogens becoming resistant to antimicrobial medications

parents refusing to vaccinate their children pathogens becoming resistant to antimicrobial medications

In what ways are archaea similar to bacteria? energy sources used shapes and sizes method of multiplication prokaryotic cell structure ribosomal RNA sequences

energy sources used shapes and sizes method of multiplication prokaryotic cell structure

Microorganisms are useful in the study of higher life forms for which of the following reasons? Multiple ANSWERS Microorganisms have the same fundamental genetic properties. Microorganisms are cheaper to study. Microorganisms lack cells, making them easier to observe with a microscope. Microorganisms have the same basic metabolic mechanisms. There are fewer species of microorganisms, so studying them is simpler. Microorganisms multiply quickly.

Microorganisms have the same fundamental genetic properties. Microorganisms are cheaper to study. Microorganisms have the same basic metabolic mechanisms. Microorganisms multiply quickly.

The microbial world includes three main agents that cannot reproduce independently and are thus considered non-living. These are the

viruses, viroids, prions

Most bacteria have rigid cell walls that contain a unique compound called____.

Peptidoglycan

Which of the following is properly written? Staphylococcus aureus

The name needs to be underlined or put in italics.

Organisms living today ______. are divided into four kingdoms may be classified in four domains probably do not have a common ancestor may be classified in three domains are divided into three kingdoms

may be classified in three domains

_______ is credited with disproving spontaneous generation using broth in swan-neck flasks. John Needham Lazzaro Spallanzani Robert Koch Francesco Redi Louis Pasteur

Louis Pasteur

Rank the steps in the scientific process in order. collect data and draw a conclusion develop an explanation and make an experiment Observe and ask communicate methods, results, and conclusions

Observe and ask develop an explanation and make an experiment collect data and draw a conclusion communicate methods, results, and conclusions

The dividing bacterial cells can stick to each other. They can form characteristic arrangements such as pairs, chains, or clusters, depending on the _______. temperature of incubation gas composition of the environment plane of division richness of the growth medium timing of division

Plane of division

Cells that do not have a membrane-bound nucleus are called_____cells.

Prokaryotic/prokaryotes

Why were Louis Pasteur's experiments with swan-necked flasks so important in helping disprove the theory of spontaneous generation? They demonstrated that even in a sterile environment, microbes could spontaneously generate from non-life. They were made from hay infusions that contained endospores, so even after boiling, broths became cloudy from growth. They ended arguments that a "vital force" was necessary for spontaneous generation, while preventing contamination from microbes in the air. They were effective in killing endospores present in other researchers' experiments, thereby keeping the cultures sterile.

They ended arguments that a "vital force" was necessary for spontaneous generation, while preventing contamination from microbes in the air.

Technically speaking, viruses are not microorganisms because they are not ______. carbon-based composed of cells big enough for life

(Not) Composed of cells

An infectious disease that has become more common in the last several decades is referred to as a(n)_____ infectious disease.

Emerging (EID)

Tyndall and Cohn's experiments in the 1870s showed the presence of a heat-resistant form of bacteria called a(n)

Endospores

A testable explanation for an observation is called a(n)

Hypothesis

Benefits of normal microbiota include all EXCEPT which of the following? They compete with pathogens, thereby preventing disease They damage host tissue, allowing our immune system to rid the body of microbes They aid in digestion by helping degrade foods we otherwise could not digest

They damage host tissue, allowing our immune system to rid the body of microbes

In 1749, John Needham produced results that _______ spontaneous generation when he showed that broths that had been boiled and then sealed with a cork _______. support; remained sterile and did not develop microorganisms refute; remained sterile and did not develop microorganisms support; could still give rise to microorganisms refute; could still give rise to microorganisms

support; could still give rise to microorganisms

Emerging infectious diseases are those ______. whose transmission is exclusively the result of human travel which are not treatable by antibiotics nor preventable by vaccination whose incidence has rapidly increased in the last several decades which are transmitted from animals to humans on a regular basis

whose incidence has rapidly increased in the last several decades

Match the infectious disease on the left with the organism it affects. Instructions (Frogs, pigs, cattle) foot-and-mouth disease- African swine fever- chytridiomycosis-

Foot-and-mouth disease- cattle African swine fever- pigs chytridiomycosis- frogs

The principle that microorganisms cause certain diseases is called the _____ Theory of Disease.

Germ

The work of John Tyndall and Ferdinand Cohn ______. showed that all microbes caused disease if they enter the human body demonstrated that boiling kills all types of microbes in broths, and thus can ensure sterilization produced results contradicting Pasteur, and thus demonstrating the idea of spontaneous generation explained why some spontaneous generation investigators got different results from those of Pasteur

explained why some spontaneous generation investigators got different results from those of Pasteur

Most bacteria divide by a process called _________ ____________, in which one cell enlarges and then divides.

Binary Fission

Most bacteria have rigid cell walls that contain a unique compound called____

nucleus

Why were Louis Pasteur's experiments with swan-necked flasks so important in helping disprove the theory of spontaneous generation? They ended arguments that a "vital force" was necessary for spontaneous generation, while preventing contamination from microbes in the air. They demonstrated that even in a sterile environment, microbes could spontaneously generate from non-life. They were made from hay infusions that contained endospores, so even after boiling, broths became cloudy from growth. They were effective in killing endospores present in other researchers' experiments, thereby keeping the cultures sterile.

They ended arguments that a "vital force" was necessary for spontaneous generation, while preventing contamination from microbes in the air.

Unlike the term microorganism, the word microbe also includes ______. protozoa bacteria viruses fungi

Correct Answer viruses-Since viruses are unable to replicate on their own and do not carry out metabolic reactions, they are not considered to be organisms.

IS THIS TRUE OR FALSE Without microorganisms, we would run out of certain nutrients.

THIS IS TRUE!